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1.
金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)繁殖模式的分子学鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
我国金乌贼自然资源日渐衰退,为制定相应的保护措施,需要对金乌贼的繁殖模式进行分析研究。本实验在青岛海域采捕活体金乌贼成体22只,进行室内繁育。根据形态学判定参与受精产卵雌性有2只(F8,F18)雄性18只。为了进一步探索金乌贼的繁殖模式,对雌体F2纳精囊处交配后留下的精荚中的精子进行了微卫星DNA标记检测,发现至少2个雄性参与交配行为;同时,随机选取子代幼体87只,利用8个DNA微卫星位点进行亲权鉴定。结果表明:F8个体是42只幼体的母本,而剩余45只的母本是F18,由F8产卵孵化的幼体潜在父本是M4和M5,由F18产卵孵化的幼体潜在父本是M12和M13,每一个雌性可能与至少2个潜在雄性交配并受精。分析结果显示金乌贼繁殖模式存在一雌多雄关系,为科学维持和保护原种基因库,有的放矢地进行繁育、增养殖和人工放流工作提供重要支撑。  相似文献   

2.
Lichia amia is an important coastal recreational fishery species with a cosmopolitan distribution in the eastern Atlantic. In southern Africa, it is distributed from southern Angola to northern KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. A recent biological survey revealed differences between Angolan and South African individuals suggesting that they may represent separate stocks. As fishery management decisions should be based on accurate knowledge of population structure, an initial survey of the genetic substructuring of L. amia was conducted on samples collected in southern Angola and South Africa. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure was conducted using a fragment of the mitochondrial Control Region. Obtained genetic diversity levels were within the expected range for marine teleosts (h = 0.867, π = 0.007), and two deeply divergent (southern Angolan and South African) populations were identified (average φ ST = 0.78) across the Benguela Current system. These results suggest that Angolan and South African L. amia should be managed as two independent stocks. This work represents the first assessment of population genetic substructuring across the Benguela Current of a valuable coastal fishery resource, and has application for future fisheries management.  相似文献   

3.
带鱼(Trichiurusjaponicus)是广泛分布于东亚大陆架海域的暖温性近底层经济鱼类,也是东海区最重要的海洋渔业捕捞对象。然而,目前的研究报道对东海近岸带鱼群体遗传变异特性认识不足,不利于其种群的遗传资源保护和管理。本研究利用线粒体控制区序列对东海近岸带鱼6个群体191个个体的遗传多样性、遗传分化和历史动态进行分析。在577 bp长的控制区序列中共检测到70个多态位点,定义了121个单倍型。群体总的单倍型多样性较高(0.9911),但总的核苷酸多样性较低(0.0092),群体间遗传多样性水平差异较小。单倍型遗传学关系、Fst值和分子方差分析结果均表明群体间的遗传分化不显著,存在广泛的基因交流。历史动态分析结果表明东海近岸带鱼群体在更新世中晚期可能经历了瓶颈效应和随后的群体快速扩张,这是导致群体遗传多样性较低的主要原因。带鱼较强的扩散能力、洄游行为、海洋环流以及近期的群体扩张可能是造成东海近岸带鱼缺乏显著的系统地理种群结构的原因。研究结果提示,在线粒体DNA水平上,东海近岸带鱼群体是一个随机交配的种群,在遗传资源管理上可作为一个单元进行管理。  相似文献   

4.
受河流沿岸工农业发展以及人口急剧增加影响,小清河河口及邻近海域受到严重污染。口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)作为小清河河口及邻近海域重要渔业资源之一,承受着巨大的捕捞和生存压力。为了掌握口虾蛄种群在该区域的种群遗传多样性,本研究于2020年6—10月在小清河河口及邻近海域采集口虾蛄生物样本,进行了基于线粒体COI基因的种群遗传多样性分析。研究结果表明,基于216条长度为655bp的COI基因片段,共定义90个单倍型,63个多态位点,其中包括59个转换位点,1个颠换位点和3个转换与颠换同时存在的位点,核苷酸多样性指数和单倍型多样性分别为0.9700和0.0051。与其他海域相比,小清河河口种群遗传多样性处于相对较高水平;同时遗传结构分析发现黄渤海与东海及南海分布的口虾蛄种群遗传变异较大,但黄渤海海域内遗传变异较小。通过本研究基本掌握了小清河河口及邻近海域口虾蛄种群遗传多样性背景,也可为口虾蛄资源管理以及种质资源库建立等提供科学的基础理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
It is important to find a reliable method to estimate maximum sustainable yield(MSY) or total allowable catch(TAC) for fishery management, especially when the data availability is limited which is a case in China. A recently developed method(CMSY) is a data-poor method, which requires only catch data, resilience and exploitation history at the first and final years of the catch data. CMSY was used in this study to estimate the biological reference points for Largehead hairtail(Trichiurus lepturus, Temminck and Schlegel) in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, based on the fishery data from China Fishery Statistical Year Books during 1986 to 2012. Additionally,Bayesian state-space Schaefer surplus production model(BSM) and the classical surplus production models(Schaefer and Fox) performed by software CEDA and ASPIC, were also projected in this study to compare with the performance of CMSY. The estimated MSYs from all models are about 19.7×104–27.0×104 t, while CMSY and BSM yielded more reasonable population parameter estimates(the intrinsic population growth rate and the carrying capacity). The biological reference points of B/BMSY smaller than 1.0, while F/FMSY higher than 1.0 revealed an over-exploitation of the fishery, indicating that more conservative management strategies are required for Largehead hairtail fishery.  相似文献   

6.
Genetic variation at eight microsatellite loci was studied in nine populations of the blue and red shrimp Aristeus antennatus to investigate whether distinct stocks are present in the Western Mediterranean Sea. A high level of gene flow and no evidence of genetic partitioning were discovered. No significant variation was found (FST = 0.00673, P-value = 0.067) even when shrimps from exploited and those from deep-water unexploited grounds were compared. No evidence of reduction or expansion of population size in the recent past was found, as indicated by the bottleneck and interlocus g-tests. Our results are consistent with previous studies using mitochondrial gene methods and allozymes, indicating that, for this species, extensive pelagic larval dispersal and adult migration are probably responsible for the genetic homogeneity observed. In particular, due to a different bathymetric distribution of males and females, reported to be associated with different water masses and hence with possible differential dispersal capacity between sexes, the hypothesis of sex-biased dispersal was tested. Mean values of corrected assignment indices and mean relatedness values were higher for males, suggesting that females are the more widely dispersing sex. Molecular assessment of A. antennatus from the Western Mediterranean provides data of biological and evolutionary interest for the successful management of such a highly valuable fishery resource.  相似文献   

7.
As a commercially important fisheries resource in East Asia, the Chinese surf clam Mactra chinensis has experienced severe population declines in the past decades, probably due to over‐exploitation. To provide scientific bases for fisheries management and artificial breeding, we investigated genetic variation and population structure of Mactra chinensis in Northern China using microsatellites. Samples collected from eight localities throughout natural habitats of the species in Northern China were genotyped. Nine microsatellites revealed high allelic diversity with 14–36 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.593 to 0.945 and from 0.638 to 0.958, respectively. Pairwise FST values indicated that all population pairs had small but significant genetic differentiation. A Mantel test showed statistically significant correlations between genetic distance and geographical distance, indicating that genetic differentiation of the Chinese surf clam conformed to a pattern of isolation‐by‐distance. Cluster analysis using neighbor‐joining separated the eight populations into three groups. The three areas of low gene flow identified by barrier analysis corresponded with local oceanographic features, suggesting that marine currents and peninsulas play an important role in population structuring of this species.  相似文献   

8.
本研究利用形态学方法和基于线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)的遗传学方法分析了中国沿海青蚶(Barbatia virescens)6个地理群体的形态差异、遗传多样性、遗传结构及其种群历史动态。单因素方差分析(ANOVA)和Tukey检验表明,青蚶不同地理种群间表现出显著形态差异(P0.05)。经PCR扩增测序获得长度为587bp的COⅠ基因片段,112个个体共检测到18个多态性位点、17个单倍型,每个群体均有特有单倍型。青蚶群体的遗传多样性水平较低,总群体的平均单倍型多样度为0.5472,平均核苷酸多样度为0.000974。AMOVA分析表明,群体内个体间的遗传分化是青蚶群体遗传变异的主要原因,占87.40%。阳江群体与其他群体之间存在显著的低程度的遗传分化,而其他群体间的遗传分化不显著。单倍型网络关系图呈典型的星状拓扑结构,没有表现出显著的地理谱系结构。单倍型邻接树结果也没有明显分支,未呈现出地域性差异。中性检验和核苷酸不配对分析结果揭示青蚶种群历史上经历了群体扩事件,扩张时间约为26万年前。研究结果为青蚶资源的保护和可持续利用提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

9.
采用基于高通量测序平台的SLAF-seq技术开发蓝圆鲹(Decapterus maruadsi)微卫星标记,从获得的1 450个四至六碱基重复微卫星位点中随机挑选93个位点进行引物合成和多态性检测,最终开发出31个多态性微卫星标记.群体遗传学检测结果表明,31个位点的等位基因数为4~29(均值13.48),观测杂合度(Ho)为0.281~0.875(均值0.650),期望杂合度(He)为0.557~0.958(均值0.838),多态信息含量值(PIC)为0.456~0.939(均值0.803),表明所开发的31个微卫星位点均具有较高的多态性.Hardy-Weinberg平衡检测表明,17个位点符合HWE("哈迪-温伯格"平衡),且各位点间不存在连锁不平衡现象.跨物种扩增结果显示,分别有27、20、20、18、9个微卫星标记在颌圆鲹(Decapterus macarellus)、长身圆鲹(Decapterus macrosoma)、无斑圆鲹(Decapterus kurroides)、竹荚鱼(Trachurus japonicus)及金带细鲹(Selaroides leptolepis)中具有较好的通用性.本研究开发的多态性长碱基重复微卫星标记可为蓝圆鲹渔业资源的科学管理和保护提供有力的遗传学评估手段,亦可为圆鲹属和鲹科鱼类系统进化研究提供新的分析手段.  相似文献   

10.
为掌握我国限额捕捞物种海州湾中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)的资源动态,于2020、2021年6～7月分别采集了1 094、1 700尾中国毛虾样本,测定其体长、体质量和性别等特征,并运用FiSATⅡ软件对生长、死亡参数及资源利用水平等进行评估。结果显示:2020、2021年限额捕捞期间其平均体长分别为32.30、35.73 mm,雌雄性比分别为1.52︰1、1.62︰1,体长大于35 mm的毛虾中雌性比例分别为98.5%、90.0%,并得出了体质量-体长关系式;2020、2021年自然死亡系数(M)分别为0.55、0.61 month–1,捕捞死亡系数(F)分别为0.62、0.27 month–1;2020、2021年开捕体长(Lc)分别为26.28、29.73 mm,均小于最适开捕体长(Lopt) 33 mm;2020、2021年资源开发率(E)分别为0.53、0.31,均小于当年E0.1 (0.60、0.77),表明海州湾中国毛虾资源尚未过度捕捞。鉴于我国实施...  相似文献   

11.
为丰富金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)的生化信息和充分了解其营养价值,作者采用生化方法测定了野生金乌贼成体肌肉的营养成分,并对其营养品质进行了分析与评价。结果显示:金乌贼肌肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量占鲜样质量的比例分别为71.10%、22.02%、0.75%和2.17%。肌肉中主要含有17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量占干样质量的64.75%,其中必需氨基酸总量为24.44%,占氨基酸总量的37.75%,与非必需氨基酸总量的比值为75.15%,符合FAO/WHO的理想模式;干样中呈味氨基酸的总量为25.34%,占氨基酸总量的39.14%;必需氨基酸平均得分为102.86,组成相对均衡,必需氨基酸指数EAAI为85.43,可做为人体理想的蛋白质来源。在脂肪酸组成方面,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量分别占脂肪酸总量的33.46%、8.64%、49.83%,其中EPA和DHA共占PUFA的84.35%,脂肪质量较高。此外野生金乌贼肌肉中矿物元素种类及含量较为丰富。分析认为,金乌贼蛋白质含量高、必需氨基酸组成均衡、脂肪质量较好并富含矿物元素,具有较好的食用价值和保健作用。本研究评估了金乌贼的开发利用价值,同时为其配合饲料研发提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

12.
中国经济头足类增养殖现状及展望   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
头足类(Cephalopods)是软体动物门的重要组成部分,在中国海洋渔业中占有重要的经济地位。开展头足类增养殖,对于保护中国种质资源、提高头足类产量具有重要意义。本文就目前中国主要的经济头足类,包括金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)、拟目乌贼(S.lycidas)、虎斑乌贼(S.pharaonis)、无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)、长蛸(Octopus minor)、真蛸(O.vulgaris)以及短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)的繁殖习性、幼体培育、成体养成等各阶段生活史的研究进展和存在问题进行阐述,并对其发展前景进行展望,旨在为中国头足类养殖产业提供借鉴。  相似文献   

13.
本研究通过对线粒体控制区序列进行分析的技术手段,对中国宁德（ND）、厦门（XM）、漳浦（ZP）、南澳岛（NAD）、湛江（ZJ）、海口（HK）与北海（BH）的7个野生黄鳍棘鲷（Acanthopagrus latus）群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行比较分析。结果表明：中国东南沿海的野生黄鳍棘鲷群体呈现出中等以上的遗传多样性特征,48个黄鳍棘鲷样品的控制区序列长度为580 bp,单倍型数目为44个,总体的单倍型多样性指数（Hd）和核苷酸多样性指数（Pi）分别为0.996和0.017 30。7个野生黄鳍棘鲷群体间的遗传分化程度较低,各群体间的遗传距离为0.010 28~0.029 87。群体间的遗传分化系数（FST）为-0.068 41~0.545 86,北海群体和其他群体间存在一定程度的遗传分化。AMOVA分析显示群体内的遗传变异占比为83.34%,大部分遗传变异发生在组群内;但北海群体与其他6个群体分为两个组群后,组群间的遗传变异占比为42.66%,两个组群间存在较大程度的遗传变异。基于Kimrua距离法构建的系统进化树中显示北海群体聚为一个分支,另外6个群体聚为一支。基于TCS network构建的单倍型网络图中44个单倍型混杂在一起,未按照水系格局和地理距离进行分布,表明黄鳍棘鲷群体间未形成多个单系群。本研究可为中国东南沿海野生黄鳍棘鲷群体的种质资源利用和保护提供科学依据。  相似文献   

14.
The present study assessed trends in resource-use, partitioning and management in the Ungwana Bay fishery, Kenya, using surplus production models. The fishery is one of East Africa’s important marine fisheries sustaining a bottom trawl commercial fishery and a resident-migrant artisanal fishery. Two models: Schaefer (1954) and Gulland and Fox (1975) were applied to catch-effort data over a 21-year period to model maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and optimal effort (fMSY) to examine the status of resource exploitation and provide reference points for sustainable management. In the artisanal fishery, model MSYs range from 392-446 t to 1283-1473 t for shrimps and fish respectively compared to mean annual landings of 60 t for shrimp and 758 t for fish. These landings represent <50% of the model MSYs suggesting under exploitation in the sub-sector. Moreover, current fishing effort applied stands at <0.5 fMSY. On the other hand, mean annual landings in bottom trawl commercial fishery, at about 330 t for shrimps and 583 t and fish represent about 90% of the model MSYs of 352-391 t and 499-602 t for shrimps and fish respectively. Therefore, the bottom trawl commercial fishery is likely under full exploitation. Similarly, the current effort is estimated at >0.7 fMSY. Resource management in the bay is faced with numerous problems including resource-use conflicts, poor economic conditions in artisanal fishery, poor legislation, and inadequate research augmented by poor reporting systems for catch-effort statistics. Thus, the fishery lacks clearly defined exploitation regimes. Fisheries research and assessment of the marine resources are important for sustainability of the fishery. Moreover, income diversification in the poverty ridden artisanal fishery would go a long way in addressing resource-use conflicts and use of deleterious fishing methods in the sub-sector. Borrowing from the successes of the Japanese community-based fisheries resource management (CBFRM) which has easily resolved numerous fisheries management issues in coastal small-scale commercial fisheries, and the beach management unit (BMU) system which has been applied to the artisanal fisheries of south coast Kenya with enormous benefits, it is envisaged that a hybrid CBFRM-BMU system presents the best approach to sustainable resource-use in the Ungwana Bay fishery.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

Determining the genetic structure and population dynamics of harvested species are key aspects of effective fisheries management. New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) is a species of nethropid lobster that supports a commercial fishery on the continental shelf and slope around New Zealand. To determine the genetic structure and historical population demography of New Zealand scampi, we sequenced a 623 base-pair fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (CO1) from 321 individuals across six widely separated sites off the coast of mainland New Zealand and the subantarctic Auckland Islands, representing much of the species’ distribution. The Auckland Islands population was found to be genetically distinct from all other sampled populations, potentially resulting from an absence of continuous suitable habitat between the central-eastern South Island and the Auckland Islands. An isolation-by-distance pattern of genetic structure was also detected. With the exception of the Mercury Islands, all sampled populations showed signs of recent population expansion, potentially linked to changes in habitat availability during the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene. We recommend that the current NZ scampi management areas and harvesting rates for each remain unchanged.  相似文献   

16.
三亚蜈支洲岛热带海洋牧场渔业资源现状及季节变动   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
蜈支洲岛海洋牧场为海南省首个国家级海洋牧场示范区,为评估蜈支洲岛海洋牧场的资源养护效果,进而为下一步海洋牧场的渔业资源科学管理提供依据。采用渔业资源水声学调查方法,对蜈支洲海洋牧场近岛人工鱼礁区及海棠湾湾区的渔业资源现状及其季节变动进行了研究。2019年4月、8月、12月进行了3次调查,结果显示：4月近岛人工鱼礁区域共捕获游泳生物63种,平均资源量密度为63.71 t/km2,8月、12月海棠湾湾区共捕获游泳生物68种和120种,平均资源量密度分别为8.29 t/km2和7.21 t/km2。4-12月物种多样性指数（H''）均值分别为3.532、3.478、4.414。三次调查中,鱼类优势种中多齿蛇鲻（Saurida tumbil）、短鳄齿鱼（Champsodon snyderi）、宽条鹦天竺鯛（Ostorhinchus fasciatus）均出现2次,其余种类均只出现一次。4-12月重要经济生物占总资源量的比重依次为72.46%、64.74%、57.59%。综上所述,蜈支洲岛海洋牧场近岛人工礁区及海棠湾湾区渔业资源丰富、物种多样性高,尤其是海洋牧场建设对于渔业资源的聚集起到了积极的作用,但仍存在重要经济鱼类少,个体较小等问题。  相似文献   

17.
In the present study, the population genetic structure and historical demography of the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, in the Northwestern Pacific were examined based on the full‐length sequences of the mitochondrial control region and cytochrome b gene. A total of 320 individuals was sampled from 11 localities along the coast of China and Japan from August 2011 to May 2013. Two main clades representing Chinese and Japanese populations, respectively, were detected, suggesting population isolation of S. japonicus during the late Pleistocene era. The Chinese clade was further divided into two small clades and the distribution of haplotypes were not related to sampling locality, which may be a signature of secondary contact following past division. Analyses of molecular variance and pairwise FST revealed significant genetic differentiation between the Chinese and Japanese populations, but a lack of genetic structure for the populations along the coast of China. Both neutrality tests and mismatch distribution analysis suggested that the populations along the coast of China experienced population expansion during the late Pleistocene. Historical events, biological characteristics and other extrinsic forces such as ocean currents may all be associated with the current phylogeographic pattern of S. japonicus in the Northwestern Pacific.  相似文献   

18.
杨春蕙  刘琦  王迎宾 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1219-1224
当渔业资源出现衰退时,加强资源增殖放流以养护渔业资源、提高渔业产量对于渔业资源可持续利用具有重要意义;与此同时,增殖放流的实施会对基于资源开发与管理的评估的结果产生影响。基于2001~2015年间东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)渔业数据,采用增殖剩余产量模型,对东海北部海域三疣梭子蟹的最大可持续产量(MSY)及取得MSY时所需捕捞努力量(EMSY)和原存生物量(BMSY)进行了评估,并与传统Schaefer模型评估结果进行了比较。结果表明,当年增殖放流量约在3×106~95×106尾之间时,三疣梭子蟹年产量逐渐增加, MSY在14.2×104 t和14.6×104 t之间, EMSY基本在15×104吨位左右。增殖放流量增加,其对应的MSY也越高,能承受的EMSY也越高(从15×104~15.4×104吨位之间),相反BMSY则减小(从188.4×104 t降至186.6×104 t)。与传统的Schaefer模型评估结果相比,增殖剩余产量模型由于考虑了增殖放流生物量的因素,得到了MSY和EMSY有所增加,而BMSY有所下降的结论。研究结果有望为该研究海域三疣梭子蟹可持续地捕捞、放流与管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

19.
皱纹盘鲍是我国重要的渔业资源,其地理群体也是我国重要的鲍种质资源来源。不同地理群体间形态及相对生长的差异对皱纹盘鲍资源管理和种质资源鉴定等提供重要参考。以我国自然海区采集的7个皱纹盘鲍群体作为研究材料,通过测定9个形态测量指标并定义了这些测量指标间的17个比率变量,分析了群体内和群体间贝壳形态和体重相对生长的变异。除个别变量外,协方差分析揭示形态比率变量在群体间存在显著变异;异速生长研究揭示了壳形态特征与皱纹盘鲍群体中异速生长差异之间的高度线性相关性,异速生长程度呈现一定的群体区别。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和马氏距离聚类分析(CLUSTER)将皱纹盘鲍群体分为2个组,线性判别分析(LDA)与NMDS和CLUSTER结果相符,然而LDA未能较好的将各种群样本分类。研究结果初步表明皱纹盘鲍表现出与我国沿海环境和/或生态条件差异相关的表型可塑性,然而这种表型差异也可能受到人工底播苗种的遗传影响。研究结果将对于皱纹盘鲍渔业资源管理如管理单位的界定,以及为今后全面评价皱纹盘鲍不同地理群体的遗传变异等提供参考。  相似文献   

20.
The question whether the chokka squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii resource can be managed effectively is examined in the light of developments in the fishery and knowledge of the resource gathered in recent years. The history of the fishery since its inception in 1985, management controls and the current state of knowledge of stock identity, distribution, seasonality and abundance, life cycle and population dynamics are reviewed as a background to a discussion of management alternatives. Long-term measures, such as fleet limitation, seasonal closures and de facto closed areas and size limits, all appropriate in the early stages of a fishery when knowledge is limited, should be replaced by more-flexible alternatives as knowledge improves. Methods of stock assessment, stock-recruitment studies and further basic biological analyses are recognized as being crucial to improving management methods. An explanation embracing physical oceanographic features and plankton productivity in the vicinity of the spawning grounds is advanced for the mechanisms underlying hatchling survival. The possible contribution of trophic studies to squid management is recognized. Effective management of the chokka squid resource is concluded to be possible provided that the specific areas needing attention be addressed by means of goal-orientated research. Rational, but not necessarily optimal, management decisions can, however, be made even in the absence of stock-recruitment data, by the employment of common-sense measures which generally include some form of effort control.  相似文献   

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