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1.
In the previous paper (Yanget al., 1993), it was shown that there always exists the coastal salinity-minimum-layer (SML) water just off the Boso Peninsula. The coastal SML water is bounded by the current zone of the Kuroshio, and a relatively high salinity domain separates it from the offshore SML water which would be a continum of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. We suggested that the coastal SML water region indicates the pathway along which the Intermediate Oyashio Water intrudes into Sagami Bay. In this paper, by selecting seven cases where we found the coastal SML water having abnormally high oxygen content and low salinity, we try to follow the intrusion manner of the Intermediate Oyashio Water into Sagami Bay by using available hydrographic data taken routinely by various organizations in the period from 1973 to 1986. Some of these water can be traced from the observation line near the cape of Inubo to the central part of Sagami Bay, and its propagation speed along the coast is shown to be of order of 1 cm/s. The intruding intermediate Oyashio water usually has a complicated layered structure in it, and its time scale of persistence is shown to be only a few months.  相似文献   

2.
Intermediate intrusion of low salinity water (LSW) into Sagami Bay was investigated on the basis of CTD data taken in Sagami Bay and off the Boso Peninsula in 1993–1994. In October 1993, water of low temperature (<7.0°C), low salinity (<34.20 psu) and high dissolved oxygen concentration (>3.5 ml I−1) intruded along the isopycnal surface of {ie29-1} at depths of 320–500 m from the Oshima East Channel to the center of the bay. On the other hand, the LSW was absent in Sagami Bay in the period of September–November 1994, though it was always found to the south off the Boso Peninsula. Salinity and dissolved oxygen distributions on relevant isopycnal surfaces and water characteristics of LSW cores revealed that the LSW intruded from the south off the Boso Peninsula to Sagami Bay through the Oshima East Channel. The LSW cores were distributed on the continental slope along 500–1000 m isobaths and its onshore-offshore scales were two to three times the internal deformation radius. Initial phosphate concentrations in the LSW revealed its origin in the northern seas. These facts suggest that the observed LSW is the submerged Oyashio Water and it flows southwestward along the continental slope as a density current in the rotating fluid. The variation of the LSW near the center of Sagami Bay is closely related to the Kuroshio flow path. The duration of LSW in Sagami Bay is 0.5 to 1.5 months.  相似文献   

3.
Since the Intermediate Oyashio Water (IOW) gradually accumulates in Sagami Bay, it can reasonably be supposed that the IOW also flows out from Sagami Bay, even though it may be altered by mixing with other waters. We have occasionally observed a water less than 34.2 psu with a potential density of 26.8 at the southeastern area off Izu Peninsula in July 1993 by the training vessel Seisui-maru of Mie University. Observational data supplied by the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Kanagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station show that the IOW of less than 34.1 psu was observed at northern stations of the line PT (KJ) off the Boso Peninsula and to the east of Oshima in the late spring 1993. Based upon these observations, it is concluded that the IOW flows out from Sagami Bay into the Shikoku Basin along southeastern area off the Izu Peninsula. The less saline water (<34.2 psu) was also observed to the west of Miyake-jima during the same cruise, and the westward intrusion of IOW from south of the Boso Peninsula to the Shikoku Basin through the gate area of the Kuroshio path over the Izu Ridge was detected. This event indicated that the IOW branched south of the Boso Peninsula and flowed into Sagami Bay and/or into the gate area over the Izu Ridge. The southward intrusion of IOW into the south of the Boso Peninsula is discussed in relation to the latitudinal location of the main axes of the Kuroshio and the Oyashio. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

4.
Hydrographic structure and transport of intermediate water were observed in the Kuroshio region south of Japan, focusing on the 26.6–27.5σθ density in six cruises from May 1998 through September 2001. In the section off the Boso Peninsula where the Kuroshio exfoliates eastward, the intermediate water was clearly clustered into three groups meridionally composed of the coastal water, the Kuroshio water and the offshore water. Compared with the Kuroshio water characterized by warm, salty water transported by the Kuroshio, the coastal and offshore waters significantly degenerated due to mixing with cold, fresh waters originated from the subarctic region: the former was affected by alongshore spread of the coastal Oyashio and the latter by direct intrusion of the new North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) into the southern side of the Kuroshio current axis. Particularly the offshore water showed higher apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in layers deeper than 26.9σθ while it showed lower AOU in layers shallower than 26.9σθ, which indicated that colder, fresher and higher AOU water was distributed on the southeastern side of the Kuroshio in deeper layers. In May 1998, the Oyashio-Kuroshio mixing ratio was estimated to be typically 2:8 for the offshore water on the assumption of isopycnal mixing. Moreover, northeastward volume transport of the Kuroshio water was obtained from geostrophic velocity fields adjusted to lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) data to yield 6.1 Sv at 26.6–26.9σθ and 11.8 Sv at 26.9–27.5 σθ. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

5.
A continuous survey examined short-term variations in the zooplankton community and physical ocean environment from the northeastern Izu Islands to Boso Peninsula in Japan. High copepod abundance and small upwellings in the surface layer and salinity minimum layer in the subsurface were observed on the north side of coastal fronts in the westernmost transect, moving southward as the Kuroshio Current left the Boso Peninsula. Thus, the salinity minimum layer might be a key factor forming upwelling and the fronts, leading to large abundance of coastal copepods off the northeastern Izu Islands. A community structure analysis of calanoid copepods revealed an intermediate belt assemblage between coastal and offshore (Kuroshio) assemblages. Copepod abundance was remarkably low and Ctenocalanus vanus dominated (nearly 37%) in the intermediate belt zone, indicating that C. vanus has a relatively high tolerance to adverse environments for calanoid copepods. As the Kuroshio Current left the Boso Peninsula, the coastal assemblage expanded in the same direction, and the intermediate belt assemblage off the northeastern Izu Islands disappeared. The largest population of Calanus sinicus was found along the two western transects off the northeastern Izu Islands (>1000 m depth), which was assumed to be transported from Sagami Bay and advanced southwestward while growing from copepodite stages CIII to CV. Larvae of C. sinicus would be an important food for fish larvae in addition to Paracalanus parvus s.l., the numerically dominant species in the coastal assemblage, and C. vanus under the adverse conditions for coastal copepods.  相似文献   

6.
Hydrographic observations between the Izu Peninsula and Oshima Island, Japan, in May 1982, showed upwelling around the tip of the Peninsula and possibly also in the lee of Oshima Island. The upwelling introduced water as cold as 18 C with nitrate concentrations of 3M to the surface. Temperature/salinity analyses indicated that the upwelled water was of Kuroshio characteristics. Slightly fresher water was advected out of Sagami Bay in a coastal counter current.Contribution number 470 from the Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba.  相似文献   

7.
Monthly variations of hydrographic structures and water mass distributions were investigated over a nearly 30-year period (January 1982–March 2011) off the Doto area, Japan, to examine temporal evolutions and devolutions of representative water masses in this area. In the continental shelf area, the Coastal Oyashio Water (COW) was distributed along the coast during January–May, when COW has been modified by relatively higher salinity water, which may have originated from the Oyashio Water (OW) off the Kuril Islands. On the other hand, the Surface COW (S-COW) may have formed with COW heated by solar radiation, simultaneously mixing with the Tokachi River freshwater and OW in the continental shelf area, and the area of this S-COW spread offshoreward during June and July, and stayed in the offshore area during June and October. Although coastal density current structures, probably due to the Modified Soya Warm Current Water (M-SWCW) inflows, were conspicuous in the continental shelf area during August–October, those structures were weak after November. These weakening structures may be due to developed surface mixed layer caused by surface cooling, and decay of volume transport of the Soya Warm Current in the Okhotsk Sea, and such weakening accordingly may lead to weakening of higher salinity water inflows from the upstream regions. M-SWCW was radically replaced by COW during December and January with rapid salinity decreases, which suggest extremely lower salinity water inflows, probably due to influences of the East Sakhalin Current Water.  相似文献   

8.
山东半岛东北部海域悬浮体季节分布及控制因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
基于2018年山东半岛东北部海域冬、夏两季悬浮体浓度、浊度及水温和盐度调查资料,分析了研究区水体悬浮体浓度的季节性变化,探讨了其控制因素。结果表明:夏季浊度在0.2~37.8FTU之间变化,冬季浊度在1.5~100.1FTU之间变化,均表现为底高表低、东高西低的特征。夏季水温分层明显,表现为表层高、底层低的特征,盐度整体无明显变化;冬季温盐垂向上混合均匀,平面上表现为近岸低温低盐水体向远岸高温高盐水体的过渡。悬浮体浓度分布受潮流、波浪、温跃层和温盐锋面等因素影响。夏季,悬浮体垂向上受到温跃层影响,底层悬浮体难以向表层输运;平面上潮混合和波浪差异性作用阻碍了悬浮体的水平输运。冬季,强风浪促使悬浮体垂向混合剧烈,表层悬浮体浓度明显较夏季变高;平面上沿岸流和黄海暖流形成的温、盐锋面阻碍了水团间悬浮体的输运。  相似文献   

9.
By using existing data obtained in the offshore area from the Boso Peninsula to the Joban Coast, it was shown that the double structure of the Kuroshio Front — which is usually found along the northern edge of the Kuroshio Extension to the east 143°E (Nagataet al., 1986 ; Shinet al., 1988) — is hardly found at the edge of the Kuroshio when it is flowing along the Japanese coast or in the area to the west of 142°E. It was suggested that the cold and fresh water core beneath the density front of the double structure originates from the fresh and cold Oyashio Water which is captured beneath the Kuroshio Front just off the Kashima Coast. The double structure of the Kuroshio Front would be generated and developed very rapidly in the region between 142°E and 143°E just after the Kuroshio leaves the Japanese coast.  相似文献   

10.
The winter water mass distributions in the western Gulf of Mexico, affected by the collision of a Loop Current anticyclonic ring, during January 1984 are analyzed. Two principal modes of Gulf Common Water (GCW) formation, arising from the dilution of the Caribbean Subtropical Underwater (SUW), are identified. Within the western gulf continental slope to the east of Tamiahua, the GCW is formed by the collision of anticyclonic rings. During these collision events, the SUW, entrapped at the core (200 m depth) of these features, is diluted by low salinity (36.1S36.3) water from the uppermost layer of the main thermocline. The end product of this mixture is GCW, which is further diluted by low salinity coastal water within the western gulf continental shelf. The second GCW formation mode is associated to the northerly wind stress which propagates over the western gulf during winter. During January, 1984, this wind stress gave rise to a 175 m mixed layer. This convective mixing destroyed the static stability of the summer thermocline and allowed for the partial dilution of the SUW with low salinity (S36.3) water from the western gulf continental shelf. Within the western gulf's upper 2000 m, the following water masses were identified to be present: GCW, SUW, Tropical Atlantic Central Water and associated dissolved oxygen minimum stratum, Antarctic Intermediate Water remnant, a mixture of the Caribbean Intermediate Water and the upper portion of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), and the NADW itself. The topographic distribution of these water masses' strata was dictated by the cyclonic-anticyclonic baroclinic circulation that evolved from the anticyclone's collision to the east of Tamiahua. Between the cyclonic and anticyclonic domains, the maximum pressure differential of these water masses' core occurrences was 150 to 280 dbar. The topographic transition zone defined by these strata occurred between the cyclonic and anticyclonic domains and coincided unambiguously with the anticyclone's collision zone. Within the continental shelf, we identified low temperature (12°C) and low salinity (31) coastal waters contributed by river runoff. Driven by the northerly wind stress, these coastal waters were advected toward the south hugging the coastline. The coastal and continental shelf waters demarcated a sea surface temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen discontinuity region that coincided with the horizontal baroclinic flow transition zone associated to the anticyclone's collision.  相似文献   

11.
Phytoplankton pigment (chlorophylla+pheopigments) distributions in a regional upwelling around the Izu Peninsula obtained by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on May 23, 1982, were compared with ship-observed pigment and satellite sea-surface-temperature distributions. Pigment concentrations detected by the CZCS were positively correlated with the ship-observed pigment concentrations. However, they were about factor of 5 smaller when atmospheric correction parameters known for typical oceanic and land aerosol were used and when the parameters were estimated with the clear water algorithm. When the atmospheric correction parameters were adjusted so that a pigment concentration derived by CZCS was equivalent to a concentration obtained by the ship at a coincide location, the pattern and magnitudes of the CZCS-derived pigment distributions showed remarkable agreement with ship-observed pigment distributions. Thus, the normal atmospheric correction algorithm may not be suitable for waters around Japan, and the development of better atmospheric correction methods combined with more verification programs is required. The pigment distributions showed patterns that were similar to those observed in sea-surface-temperature distributions. Cold water showed higher pigment concentrations, and warm water showed lower pigment concentrations. The Kuroshio, which can be identified by generally warm, low pigment water, showed a large meander which flowed offshore at Shiono-misaki, looped back onshore from Hachijo Island to Omaezaki and then flowed northeast along the Izu and Boso Peninsulas. Locally upwelled water along the Izu Peninsula was seen clearly in the sea-surface-temperature and CZCS pigment distributions as a region of cold water and high pigment concentrations. Cold upwelled waters were also found at the eastern side of the Izu Islands, but pigment concentrations in these waters was not always high. This difference in the two upwelling regions may be caused by different physical and biological interactions.  相似文献   

12.
A numerical study of characteristics of the front formed by cooling of the sea surface and inflow of the fresh water is made within a vertical two-dimensional plane without the rotation of the earth. The convective adjustment technique is employed to parameterize the small scale convective overturning process.A sharply edged shelf causing the marked difference of the heat capacity of the water columns between over the shelf (50 m depth) and in the deeper region (150 m depth), is responsible for the formation of a thermal front over the shelf edge and two cell circulations of the same sense with each other adjoining at the frontal region.Inflow of the fresh water at the upper region of the coast (which is equivalently replaced by the outflow of the salt from the same region) adds a circulation of the opposite sense to the above ones, which transports the water of low salinity and low temperature offshore and forms a sharp front both of temperature and salinity with the offshore water of high salinity and high temperature. This thermohaline front or Oceanic front has a remarkable character that the horizontal density gradient is minimal at the front due to the counteracting contributions of temperature and salinity to density. Response of this front to the sudden ceases of the surface cooling and the fresh water supply, is also studied in order to understand its transient behaviors.  相似文献   

13.
The topographic effect of the Izu Ridge on the horizontal distribution of the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) south of Japan has been studied using observational data obtained by the Seisui-Maru of Mie University (Mie Univ. data) and those compiled by Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC data). Both data sets show that water of salinity less than 34.1 psu on potential density () surface of 26.8 is confined to the eastern side of the Izu Ridge, while water of salinity less than 34.2 psu is confined to the southern area over the Izu Ridge at a depth greater than 2000 m and to the southeastern area in the Shikoku Basin. It is also shown by T-S analysis of Mie Univ. data over the Izu Ridge that water of salinity less than 34.2 psu dominates south of 30°N, where the depth of the Izu Ridge is deeper than 2000 m and NPIW can intrude westward over the Izu Ridge. JODC data reveal that relatively large standard deviations of the salinity on surface of 26.7, 26.8 and 26.9 are detected along the mean current path of the Kuroshio and the Kuroshio Extension. Almost all of the standard deviations are less than 0.05 psu in other area with the NPIW, which shows that the time variation in the salinity can be neglected. This observational evidence shows that the topographic effect of the Izu Ridge on the horizontal distribution of the NPIW, which is formed east of 145°E by the mixing of the Kuroshio water and the Oyashio water, is prominent north of 30°N with a depth shallower than 2000 m.  相似文献   

14.
The primary productivity in coastal water adjacent to the Kuroshio off Shimoda was measured as part of the International Biological Program. The total amount of chlorophylla in the euphotic zone varied widely from 20 mg/m2 to 60 mg/m2 throughout the year and the maximum values were measured in early summer. These values were higher than those in the Kuroshio but agreed with those in the Oyashio. Vertical differentiation of photosynthetic characteristics was well developed and it was strongly related to the stratification of the water column. The light-saturated photosynthetic rate of surface phytoplankton varied from 5.8 mg C/(mg chl.h) in May to 2.0 mg C/(mg chl.h) in January. These rates were higher than those in the Kuroshio. The daily primary production was estimated by the chlorophyll method. Highest value was 0.5–1.5 g C/(m2day) in early summer and the lowest was 0.2 g C/(m2day) in winter. The primary productivity in the coastal water studied accorded fairly well with that in the Oyashio.Contribution No. 239 from Shimoda Marine Biological Station. This study is part of JIBP project entitled Studies on the Dynamic Status of the Biosphere, a Special Research Project supported by the Ministry of Education.  相似文献   

15.
Direct current measurements by a shipboard and bottom-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler and concurrent hydrographic observations with a CTD were conducted off southeastern Hokkaido, Japan, between January and May 2005 to reveal temporal variations in the current structure and volume transport of the Coastal Oyashio (CO). The CO, which has a baroclinic jet structure with southwestward speeds exceeding 90 cm s?1 and a width of 7–8 km, was associated with a surface-to-bottom density front and was formed on the offshore side of the shelf break. The volume transport of CO (T CO) was estimated by integrating the fluxes of lower-density water that was trapped against the coast along the density front represented by the 26.2 σ θ isopycnal line. This transport decreased monotonously from 0.79 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s?1) in January to 0.21 Sv in March and subsequently to 0.12 Sv in May, possibly due to the decay of the East Sakhalin Current Water in the Okhotsk Sea. Accompanied by a decrease in T CO, the location of the jet structure associated with the density front moved toward the coast while the maximum speed of the jet decreased and the tilt of the front became more horizontal. Consequently, more saline offshore Oyashio water flowed into the deep part of the shelf area, and the current structure altered from relatively barotropic in winter to baroclinic in spring. This study is the first to estimate the observed volume transport of the CO from direct current measurements.  相似文献   

16.
根据2014年8月和10月、2015年2月和5月使用单船底拖网进行的4个航次调查数据,对山东半岛近岸海区的莱州湾及渤海南部、山东半岛北部和山东半岛南部等3个海域蟹类种类组成、时空分布、优势种、群落结构稳定性等群落结构特征进行了研究。结果显示,4次调查共捕获蟹类20种,隶属于10科17属,其中日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）是主要经济种类,其余均为小型饵料型蟹类;海区内主要的优势种为双斑蟳（Charybdis bimaculata）、日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）和三疣梭子蟹（Portunus trituberculatus）,3个海域优势种季节更替均十分明显;莱州湾及渤海南部和山东半岛南部2个海域生物量季节变化明显,春季较低,在夏季达到峰值,夏季到冬季呈降低趋势,山东半岛北部海域生物量季节变化不明显。3个海域蟹类群落物种多样性指数（H'）、丰富度指数（D）及均匀度指数（J'）均处于较低水平,并有一定的季节变化;水深、水温和盐度是影响蟹类群落结构的重要因子,渤莱沿岸流、黄海暖流和黄海冷水团通过影响海域内水温与盐度影响蟹类群落结构。研究表明山东半岛近岸海区蟹类以小型饵料型蟹类为主,蟹类多样性水平较低,优势种更替明显,群落季节更替指数较高,季节间迁移频繁,蟹类群落不稳定。  相似文献   

17.
广西北海半岛夏季营养盐及水质状况分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
近年北部湾藻华灾害频发,为了解与藻华暴发密切相关的营养盐及水质状况,2020年8月作者对北部湾北海半岛铁山港、营盘、涠洲岛、斜阳岛及涠洲岛西部远岸海域共21个站位采集表层海水,分析营养盐含量和结构特征,并利用富营养化指数和有机污染指数对该海域水质进行等级划分与评价。结果表明：北海半岛海域DIN、PO4-P和SiO3-Si均值分别为0.210、0.021和0.270 mg/L。其中,铁山港营养盐由港内至港外呈递减趋势,营盘海域由近岸至远岸,DIN和SiO3-Si含量先递减再增加,PO4-P则表现为递增,涠洲岛海域及远岸各站位营养盐分布无明显特征。北海半岛海域N/P、Si/N和Si/P均值分别为11.8、1.7和14.6,显示47.6%海域为潜在N限制,而潜在P限制和Si限制海域均为9.5%;叶绿素a仅与COD显著相关,相关系数为0.475。调查海域富营养化指数均值1.82,以铁山港港内富营养化程度最高,由港内严重富营养至港外贫营养递减,营盘近岸7号站位中度富营养,其余76.2%调查站位仍处于贫营养水平;有机污染指数均值1.85,良好和较好水质共占38.1%,其余61.9%水质受到不同程度有机污染,亦以铁山港水质污染最为严重,重度污染仅在该海域发现。可见,北海半岛夏季表层海水以潜在N限制为主,铁山港和营盘近岸富营养化和有机污染较严重,其余站位基本良好,影响表层水体叶绿素a含量的主要因素是有机质,可能与海域微生物强烈降解作用相关。本研究可为北部湾海洋环境保护和赤潮研究提供基础环境数据。  相似文献   

18.
Sendai Bay in northern Japan suffered serious damage from massive tsunamis generated by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake. The physical disturbance caused by a tsunami may affect the coastal ecosystem, including the planktonic diatom community. We investigated seasonal changes in the diatom community structure at a coastal and an offshore station in Sendai Bay, from June 2011 (3 months after the tsunami) to April 2014. Diatom abundance increased at both stations during the spring. Sporadic increases were also recorded at the coastal station during the summer because of silicate input from river discharge. Seasonal succession of the diatom communities was similar at both the coastal and offshore stations. The onset of the spring bloom consisted mainly of Chaetoceros spp. when water temperatures were low. Subsequently, species such as Skeletonema costatum s.l. became dominant as salinity and nutrient concentrations decreased. Cell density decreased from summer into early winter. Leptocylindrus danicus became dominant in the summer, but was replaced by Thalassiosira cf. mala from autumn into winter. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that most of the variation in the diatom community could be explained by temperature, salinity, NO3 ?, NO2 ?, PO4 3?, and SiO2. In addition, the occurrence of diatom species before the tsunami showed a similar pattern to that after the tsunami, suggesting that the tsunami did not have a serious impact on the diatom community in Sendai Bay.  相似文献   

19.
Vertical distribution of anthropogenic carbon content of the water (exDIC) in the Oyashio area just outside of the Kuroshio/Oyashio Interfrontal Zone (K/O Zone) was estimated by the simple 1-D advection-diffusion model calibrated by the distribution of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The average concentration of exDIC for = 26.60–27.00 is multiplied by the volume transport of Oyashio water into the North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) to estimate the annual transport of exDIC into NPIW through K/O Zone. The estimated transport of exDIC was 0.018–0.020 GtC/y, which corresponds to 15% of the whole total exDIC accumulation in the temperate North Pacific. A simple assessment using the NPIW 1-box model indicates that the current study explains at least 70% of the total annual transport of exDIC into NPIW, and that small exDIC sources for NPIW still exists in addition to K/O Zone.  相似文献   

20.
Water mass properties along cross-sections of the Kuroshio in the East China Sea (ECS) are investigated in detail. We used temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen data from 2000 and 2002, together with historical temperature and salinity data from 1987 to 2004. Water properties were divided into two groups: high and low salinities or oxygen at temperatures warmer than 15 and 12 °C, respectively. We found the existence of outer shelf water W2, as defined by clear modes in frequency distributions of salinity and oxygen within various temperature segments. The outer shelf water was different from both Kuroshio Tropical Water (KTW) and coastal water. We mapped horizontal and vertical distributions of W2, along with W1 and KTW. The outer shelf water was distributed with density σ t = 22.5–25.5 over a relatively broad area, from the outer continental shelf to the continental slope, particularly in autumn. Vertical distribution of the water suggests that W2 spread from the outer shelf to just the shelf side of the Kuroshio Current velocity maximum. Seasonal variations are examined with historical data along PN section over 17 years, and suggest that the appearance of W2 is distinct in summer and autumn. By comparing temperature–salinity (T–S) diagrams from Taiwan Strait and east of Taiwan, the outer shelf water (W2) originates from South China Sea Tropical Water (SCSTW), as suggested by Chen, J Geophys Res 110:C05012 (2005). The present study of the ECS clearly shows that SCSTW is transported along the east coast of Taiwan or through the Taiwan Strait into the ECS. It then spreads over a relatively wide area from the outer shelf to just the shelf side of the Kuroshio axis, and there is some horizontal mixing between SCSTW and KTW around the shelf break.  相似文献   

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