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北京有大量采用房山大理岩制造的石质文物,这使得北京大理岩力学性质的研究对于科学指导文物保护和修复具有重要意义。但由于文物本体取样困难,难以获得其力学参数。因此本文对北京大理岩的物理、力学参数进行测试,通过建立物理参数和力学参数的回归方程,实现利用物理参数评价力学参数的目的。以北京大理岩中的青白石和汉白玉为研究对象,对8个边长为150 mm立方体试样进行施密特回弹测试,对40个Ф50 mm×100 mm的圆柱体试样进行里氏硬度、纵波波速测试和单轴压缩试验,得到了大理岩的回弹值、里氏硬度值、纵波波速与单轴抗压强度、弹性模量。分别以单轴抗压强度和弹性模量为因变量,选择单个或两个物理参数作为自变量建立回归方程。通过对比相关系数发现:（1）对于单个物理参数,单轴抗压强度与D探头里氏硬度值的相关性最好,而弹性模量与回弹值的相关性最好;（2）对于两个物理参数,单轴抗压强度（或弹性模量）都与回弹值和D探头里氏硬度值的组合相关性最好。 相似文献
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通过振动及单轴压缩试验,研究了受振动荷载扰动裂隙性黄土的单轴压缩力学行为。结果表明：裂隙性黄土的单轴压缩破坏模式表现为压裂破坏、滑移破坏、滑移-压裂复合破坏以及压剪破坏4种类型;振动扰动对单轴压缩条件下裂隙性黄土的破坏模式无显著影响,其破坏模式主要由初始裂隙的倾角控制。振动幅值和频率对裂隙性黄土应力-应变曲线的类型及特征无显著影响,不同振动参数条件下试样的应力-应变曲线均表现为应变软化型,且45°倾角试样的应力-应变曲线呈现出第二峰值强度高于第一峰值强度的“双峰”变化特征。单轴抗压强度随振动幅值和频率的增大均呈现出近似线性减小的变化规律;不同振动参数条件下试样单轴抗压强度随裂隙倾角增大近似呈现出“双V”变化特征。构建了受振动荷载扰动裂隙性黄土的二元介质本构模型,可较好预测其单轴压缩过程的应力-应变关系及单轴抗压强度。 相似文献
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冻融循环对不同塑性指数路基土弹性模量的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在季节性冻土区,不同状态（塑性指数,围压等）路基土在通车运营期间经历冻融循环后,其物理力学性质会发生变化,但目前针对冻融循环对其的影响研究还不够广泛和深入,不能给季冻区路基设计提供准确的数据支持,故路基设计时并未将这种变化考虑其中,只取设计前期所采土样的试验值。取季节性冻土区3种不同塑性指数路基土,在室内采用最佳含水率制备成最大压实度试样,在封闭条件下经历0～7次完整冻融循环过程后,进行不同围压下的三轴压缩试验,在偏应力-应变曲线中通过直线段应力-应变关系得到弹性模量数据,结果表明,同种土相同冻融循环次数下,弹性模量随围压增加而增加;相同围压下弹性模量随冻融循环次数基本呈下降趋势。采用指数函数对所有弹性模量数据进行多元非线性拟合,建立不同塑性路基土弹性模量与围压及冻融循环次数的关系,拟合效果理想,可为缺乏相关资料的季冻区路基设计提供参考。 相似文献
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通过开展灰岩巴西劈裂和单轴压缩声发射试验,探讨两种加载方式下岩石破裂声发射b值特性及b值计算影响因素。结果表明,累积计算b值拟合度高,误差较小;步距为5 dB时不同门槛值下b值随时间变化的总体规律基本一致,选择5 dB的步距和40 dB的门槛值计算b值比较合理,能够降低非岩石破裂信号对b值变化的影响。由动态b值的波动程度可以看出,在劈裂荷载下灰岩损伤演化过程可分为3个阶段,即(0～40%)?c(?c为峰值强度)、(40%～90%)?c和(90%～100%)?c,而在单轴加载下可分为：(0～80%)?c和(80%～100%)?c两个阶段,且不同阶段岩石内部损伤的程度不同。在裂纹扩展阶段,相比单轴加载,劈裂荷载下动态b值增加较为稳定,但在整个破坏过程中劈裂荷载下动态b值波动更大,在单轴压缩和劈裂加载方式下b值的大小取决于灰岩破裂面上的结构性质及破裂模式。 相似文献
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研究表明岩石材料在拉应力、压应力条件下具有不同的力学行为,因此,岩石材料存在两种弹性模量,分别为拉伸弹性模量和压缩弹性模量。为了甄别出直梁弯折试验和巴西劈裂试验哪一种更加适合测试岩石材料的拉伸弹性模量,以大理岩、花岗岩和砂岩为典型的岩石类型,开展了一系列的单轴压缩、直接拉伸、三点弯折和巴西劈裂试验,测试了岩石材料的拉伸弹性模量;并对测试结果的可靠性、准确性开展了系统的对比研究。最终发现,巴西劈裂试验因为较好的测量精度、制样简便、试验操作简单等因素,可以成为测量岩石材料拉伸弹性模量的推荐方法。 相似文献
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关于分级单屈服面模型的几个问题的探讨 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
在大理岩、红砂岩和花岗岩的单轴压缩和常规三轴压缩试验的基础上,发现它们的极限包络线可以大致设为一条平均直线,利用此直线可以确定其斜率和粘结应力。用于计算硬化的两个硬化系数应选取应力-应变曲线上应力峰值前若干点的数据计算。试验发现岩石的破坏与阶段改变处相距不远,不能用Desai提出的方法确定阶段改变参数n。笔者认为取稍大于2的值是比较合适的。在预测材料的应力-应变曲线时,提出一种简单实用的方法,即把岩石初始压密阶段的终点作为初始状态,用该点的应力状态计算初始的硬化参数和累积塑性应变。 相似文献
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为了研究初始孔隙对气孔杏仁状玄武岩力学行为的影响规律,提出了一种考虑计算孔隙率、体积参数、形状参数、角度参数和构造参数的气孔杏仁状玄武岩随机三维模型构建方法,基于建立的随机模型开展了五因素五水平的单轴压缩正交数值模拟,分析不同模型的应力-应变曲线、破坏模式和破坏特征。结果表明：计算孔隙率、角度参数和构造参数对于岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量有较大影响,岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量均与计算孔隙率、角度参数呈负相关,与构造参数呈正相关,与其余因素相关性较弱;随着模型孔隙率的增加,气孔杏仁状玄武岩应力-应变曲线中塑性应变占比随之增加,破坏模式由单剪切破坏面、多剪切破坏面转为局部粉碎状破坏,岩石由脆性破坏逐渐转为延性破坏,5%和12.5%可近似作为强脆性―脆性―延性转换的临界孔隙率;建立的损伤统计本构方程能够根据初始孔隙特征较好地预测气孔杏仁状玄武岩的力学行为,对于玄武岩地层中多孔岩石力学性质的确定具有重要意义。 相似文献
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为了研究二氧化碳基增强型地热系统核心及邻近区域中超临界二氧化碳(ScCO2)作用对岩石力学性能的影响,设计了纯ScCO2与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2、水蒸气与干燥花岗岩作用,ScCO2与在水中浸泡了24 h后的花岗岩作用3种试验条件,每种试验条件下均开展了210、240、270℃温度下的试验。对ScCO2作用后的岩样以及一个未经处理的对比样先后开展纵波波速测试以及单轴压缩试验,获得了岩石的纵波波速、单轴抗压强度以及弹性模量。纵波波速试验结果表明,在上述3种试验条件下,花岗岩样的波速会都会发生一定程度的降低。单轴压缩试验结果表明,ScCO2作用后的岩石单轴抗压强度及弹性模量都几乎没有受到影响,但是从破坏模式看,未经处理的岩石以张拉破坏为主,处理后的岩石以剪切破坏为主,并且随着温度的升高剪切破坏越明显。试验结果说明,在不存在水或者仅有微量水存在的情况下,ScCO2的作用对岩石产生轻微损伤,岩样的刚性减弱、塑性增强,导致其纵波波速有少量的下... 相似文献
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含盐冻结粉质黏土应力-应变关系及强度特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对含盐冻结粉质黏土进行三轴压缩试验,分析了该土质在加载至破坏过程中的应力-应变行为,并利用Duncan-Chang双曲线模型求得冻结盐渍粉质黏土的初始弹性模量和偏主应力的最大值。结果表明,初始弹性模量和偏应力最大值随着含盐量的减小和温度的降低而增加。为了分析含盐量对土体强度的作用机制,提出了“相对温度”这一概念,给出相对温度和抗压强度间的线性关系。以一综合指标“相对温度”来考虑盐分、试验温度等多种因素对冻土特性的影响,建立盐渍土和非盐渍土的关系,从而用非盐渍土的力学性质研究盐渍土的力学性质。 相似文献
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聚丙烯纤维低弹模混凝土以其优良的工作性能和力学性能成为近年来我国水利工程大坝防渗墙采用的主要材料之一.在室内试验的基础上,对聚丙烯低弹模混凝土的强度、塌落度特性进行了研究;开发了一套混凝土耐久性渗透水采集仪,对聚丙烯低弹模混凝土的渗透性和耐久性进行了研究,试验结果表明：与传统低弹模混凝土相比,聚丙烯低弹模混凝土的抗压、弹模变化不大,抗拉强度有提高,抗渗性能明显改善,渗透系数降低了一个数量级左右,耐久性年限可以进一步提高,研究结果为聚丙烯低弹模混凝土大坝防渗墙的工程应用提供了技术支撑. 相似文献
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The process of drilling, in general, always produces sound. Though sound is used as a diagnostic tool in mechanical industry, its application in predicting rock property is not much explored. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate rock properties such as uniaxial compressive strength, Schmidt rebound number and Young's modulus using sound level produced during rotary drilling. For this purpose, a computer numerical controlled vertical milling centre was used for drilling holes with drill bit diameters ranging from 6 to 20 mm with a shank length of 40 mm. Fourteen different rock types were tested. The study was carried out to develop the empirical relations using multiple regression analysis between sound level produced during drilling and rock properties considering the effects of drill bit diameter, drill bit speed and drill bit penetration rate. The F-test was used to check the validity of the developed models. The measured rock property values and the values calculated from the developed regression model are fairly close, indicating that the developed models could be efficiently used with acceptable accuracy in prediction of rock properties. 相似文献
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This paper presents an experimental investigation of coal rank and maceral composition influences on the coal mechanical behaviors. The complete stress–strain behavior, uniaxial compressive strength, Young's modulus, and acoustic compressional velocity were measured and correlated to coal ranks and microstructures. The test results show that coal is an elasto-brittle geo-material and its uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus increase as coal rank increases. This occurs because as vitrinite reflectance or coal rank increases, coal has less microporous structure and thus higher uniaxial compressive strength. Therefore, using vitrinite reflectance value instead of vitrinite content is advantageous for correlating coal strength. The experimental results also demonstrate that compressive strength and Young's modulus have positive exponential correlation, even for different types of coal. Therefore, the compressive strength of coal is highly related to its Young's modulus. The uniaxial compressive strength and acoustic compressional velocity of coal are also correlated, but a single correlation does not exist for different coal ranks; instead, different relationships occur for different types of coal. 相似文献
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冻融作用下PPF稳定土力学性能研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了研究冻融作用下外加材料稳定土的力学性能,以一种国产土壤固化剂（TG固化剂）加固低剂量水泥石灰稳定土为研究对象,通过冻融前后的无侧限抗压强度试验、劈裂强度试验和抗压回弹模量试验,研究不同压实度、聚丙烯纤维（PPF）掺量稳定土的力学性能。结果表明：稳定土的抗压强度、劈裂强度及回弹模量均随冻融次数的增加而降低,经历6次冻融循环后,强度、模量损失率基本稳定。冻融前后稳定土的抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗压回弹模量以及强度、模量的残留百分比均随着压实度和PPF掺量的提高而增大。结合工程实际情况,选取压实度为95%,0.2% PPF综合稳定土进行冻融试验,得到抗压强度残留比（BDR）达到59.32%,质量变化率仅为6.28%,研究表明,PPF综合稳定土具有优良的冻稳定性,可用作路面基层材料。 相似文献
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Aslı Boz Alper Sezer Tuba Özdemir Gül Ece Hızal Özlem Azdeniz Dolmacı 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(6):122
In this paper, a comparative experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different fiber types on strength of lime-stabilized clay. In this scope, a series of unconfined compressive strength tests were carried out on specimens including basalt and polypropylene fiber compacted under Standard Proctor effort (i.e., 35% by weight of soil). The effects of curing period (1, 7, 28, and 90 days), fiber type (basalt and polypropylene), fiber content (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1%), fiber length (6, 12, and 19 mm), and lime content (0 and 9%) on strength properties were investigated. The results revealed that both basalt and polypropylene fibers increased the strength without inclusion of lime. For specimens including lime, strength of polypropylene fiber-reinforced specimens was remarkably higher than that reinforced with basalt fiber for lime-stabilized clay. However, greatest strength improvement was obtained by use of 0.75% basalt fiber of 19 mm length with 9% lime content after 90-day curing. Additionally, results of strength tests on specimens including 3 and 6% lime and 12-mm basalt fiber after 1, 7, 28, and 90-day curing were presented. It is evident that the use of 6-mm basalt fiber and 12-mm polypropylene fiber were the best options; however, efficiency of fiber inclusion is subject to change by varying lime contents. It was also observed that the secant modulus was increased by use of lime; however, strength of the correlations among secant modulus and unconfined compressive strength values was decreased by increasing amount of lime for specimens including both basalt and polypropylene fibers. 相似文献
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Mohammad Vaghefi Mohammad Javad Tabib Nazhad Motlagh Seyyed Shaker Hashemi Sahar Moradi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(5):102
In this study, scouring around piers perpendicular to flow (PPF) and piers toward the flow (PTF) under clear-water condition was examined by placing a set of triad cylindrical piers with a 5-cm diameter and a 15-cm center to center distance at the positions of 60, 90, and 120° of the bend at a constant flow rate of 70 l per second. Natural sand of uniform grain size and average diameter of 1 mm with a uniformity coefficient of 1.3 was used as bed material of the flume. According to the results of this study, the maximum scouring depth occurred in the PPF test situated at the position of 90° of the bend. In such a position, the maximum depth of scouring hole was equal to 1.1 times the depth of the flow at the beginning of the bend. Also, where the piers were positioned in PTF and PPF modes in a 60° angle, the maximum area of scouring hole was observed around piers and sediment piles at the downstream side of the piers. The maximum height of sedimentation occurred in the PPF test situated at the 90° position of the bend. Such a stack was as high as 0.7 times the flow depth at the beginning of the bend and was observed at the 156° position of the bend, at a 20% distance of the flume width from the inner bank. Further results as well as discussion and analysis are among other points presented in the article. 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):86-96
This laboratory project aims to investigate the influence of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) grout injection on sandy soil improvement. In order to make the polymeric material injectable through the soil particles, adhesive polymer is mixed with water in certain weight percentages. Fine grained sand with different dry densities in its loose, medium and dense state, is prepared in a cylindrical mould and subjected to this polymeric grout injection. Unconfined compression tests are conducted on grouted samples after passing their curing period. Results illustrate that increasing the polymer percent in grout leads to significant compressive strength and elastic modulus enhancement. On the other hand, by increasing grout concentration, loose sand demonstrated higher compressive strength and elastic modulus improvement in comparison with medium and dense sand. 相似文献
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天山北麓平原区,每年冻结过程的时间远大于融化过程。在昌吉地下水均衡试验场,选择该平原的3种代表性土壤(粉质轻粘土、细砂、砂砾石),利用地中渗透仪观测冻结冻融期的地下水补给与损耗。根据不同岩性的地下水蒸发极限深度,设计了不同的地下水埋深。在冻结期,砂砾石、细砂岩性分布地区有利于浅埋型地下水资源的保护。在冻融期,无论何种地下水埋深水平,3种岩性的地下水都获得冻融水的补给,但细颗粒岩性的补给量相对较少且存在滞后效应,相反,粗颗粒岩性更有利于地下水资源的形成。冻结期一个月的地下水最大损耗量不超过253mm(砂砾石),而冻融期一个月的地下水最大补给量高达1133mm(细砂),冻融期是年内地下水的重要补给时期。 相似文献
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大掺量粉煤灰淤泥固化土的强度与耐久性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于传统水泥和石灰固化处理方法,提出了利用大掺量低钙粉煤灰、水泥和石灰固化剂进行淤泥固化处理的方法,以期改善淤泥的强度和耐久性,达到淤泥和粉煤灰双重资源化利用的目的。通过一系列室内试验,探讨了该方法处理后固化淤泥的击实特征、强度特性、水稳性和耐久性。试验结果表明：淤泥固化后最优含水率有所降低、最大干密度则略有增加;弹性模量、无侧限抗压强度和抗拉强度均有不同程度的增加,水泥掺量越大,养护时间越长,强度和弹性模量越大;固化后淤泥水稳性得到明显改善;浸水软化和冻融循环导致固化土抗压强度显著劣化,冻胀融缩导致设计混合料的无侧限抗压强度减小约22%。 相似文献