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1.
山东省平邑盆地古近系官庄组湖相核形石较富集,其特征和分布受古沉积环境的控制。在总结前人研究的基础上,运用野外现场观测、偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察、地球化学测试等技术手段,研究了本区核形石灰岩的岩石形态、结构、古生物、构造、元素地球化学等具有环境指示意义的特征,并据此将该区核形石分成A、B两类,它们之间根本性区别在于其形成的沉积环境的不同,A类核形石形成于翻转、滚动的强水动力的,水体较浅且较混浊的滨湖岸滩-浅湖浅滩环境;而B类核形石形成于水体较深、较平静的且较清澈的浅湖湖湾环境。研究结果表明,本区的核形石发育于一个处于湖侵体系域阶段的干热湖盆的缓坡地带。 相似文献
2.
Fossil mammal sites of late Miocene age (ca 9 Ma) occur in hourglass‐shaped, non‐interconnected cavities up to 15 m deep, hosted in mudstone (mostly sepiolite), chert and carbonate bedrock in Cerro de los Batallones. This paper provides a model for the sedimentary infilling of the cavities, which functioned as traps for vertebrate faunas and contain one of the richest and best preserved Neogene mammal assemblages of the Iberian Peninsula. Generation of the mammal‐bearing cavities started with the solution of underlying evaporites, which resulted in fissures that were subsequently enlarged by subsurface piping, a process rarely preserved in the ancient sedimentary record. The system of subterranean cavities evolved into a pseudokarst landscape, resulting in doline‐like shafts reaching the ancient land surface. The sedimentary infilling of the cavities comprises both clastic and carbonate lithofacies that were investigated by outcrop observation, standard and scanning electron microscope petrography, mineralogical analysis, and stable isotope geochemistry. Gravel and breccia talus deposits, clast and mud‐supported gravel, pebbly sandstone and mudstone are common detrital infill deposits mostly derived by overflow erosion of bedrock. The deposits containing the mammal bones are marls, and occur both in subsurface cavities and doline‐like depressions. In the underground cavities, marlstone was mainly of clastic origin and accumulated in ponds scattered over the floor of the cavity. In contrast, marlstone deposits in the surface dolines formed mostly as a result of biochemical carbonate deposition in small shallow lakes subjected to fluctuation of the water level. The δ18O and δ13C carbonate values indicate different origins for the two kinds of marls. During the final phases of pipe infill the doline marlstone sealed the mammal sites, usually off‐lapping the adjacent bedrock. 相似文献
3.
JIANG Yuehu YUE Wenzhe YE ZhizhengNanjing Institute of Geology Mineral Resources East Zhongshan Ro Nanjing 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(4):441-454
A large amount of oncolites popularly named " Chuanshan balls" occur universally in the Lower Permian Chuanshan Formation in South China. These kinds of oncolites have the following characteristics: wide distribution, huge quantities, large sedimentary thickness and similar characters, which constitute a specific " fashion fades" in geological history. The authors consider that these kinds of oncolites were due to the intense differentiation of the global climate at that time, which resulted in a universal descent of the sea level and breeding of a large amount of algae in sea water over low-latitude areas. According to the distribution and characteristics of the oncolitic, relative relationships between different tectonic blocks may be inferred, diagenetic strength indicated and diagenetic history recovered, and more important, oncolites serve as a favourable reservoir rock, so their study is of great theoretical and economic significance. 相似文献
4.
吴萍 《沉积与特提斯地质》1988,8(Z1):14-28
一、引言自从Ginsburg(1955)及Logan等(1961,1964)研究了巴哈马、佛罗里达和西澳大利亚的现代藻叠层石以来,已经建立了用藻叠层石的形态和构造来解释现代或古代海洋沉积环境的基础。在我国,报道前寒武纪叠层石的文章较多,上古生代则不多见。作者自1980年以来对广东泥盆纪碳酸盐沉积中的藻叠层石做了一些研究,现根据所得资料进行报道。 相似文献
5.
Liu Zhili Liu Xuexian Li Pengfu Department of Biology Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsuand Du Rulin Hebei College of Geology Shijiazhuang Hebei Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(4):387-395
The authors studied the biomarkers (alkanes) of eight iron ore samples from Nianpanshan and Dsbaodui of Pangjiabao and Longguan, Xuanhua, Hebei. These samples have higher nC15-nC20 contents, with main peaks at nC16, nC 17 and nC18, and contain abundant pristane and phytane. These results indicate that iron stromatolite and iron oncolites in orebodies are sedimentary structures of algal origin. Sedimentary iron accumulation mainly results from activity of blue algae. This study provides new valuable evidence for the origin of Xuanlong-type iron deposits. 相似文献
6.
In the modern hypersaline carbonate lagoon and sabkha sedimentary environments of Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), three types of organic matter originate respectively from microbial mat, Avicennia mangrove, and Halodule lagoonal seagrass. The study of recent sedimentary processes and cross sections through the sabkha sediments lead to the definition of organo-sedimentary facies based on geochemical and sedimentological criteria. This permits the construction of an organo-sedimentary sequence which expresses the Holocene sedimentary record involving a transgressive and a regressive sequence. The various organic facies occur in both sequences.Heterogeneity within the individual organic facies reflects several factors, including sedimentation dynamics, mineral matrix, oxidation and reduction, and selective organic and mineral diagenesis. These parameters are discussed in terms of depositional environment and location within the organo-sedimentary sequence. Changes in distribution, quantity, and preservation potential of the buried organic matter are discussed in terms of sea level changes and sedimentary accretion rates. 相似文献
7.
M. Calvo-Rathert J. Cuevas J. M. Tubía M. F. Bógalo A. Gogichaishvili 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(6):1163-1178
The Basque Arc constitutes the northern segment of the Basque-Cantabrian basin, in the western part of the Pyrenees. The main
goal of the present study was to find out by means of paleomagnetic analysis if the arched shape of the Basque Arc has a primary
origin, due to the development of sedimentary basins related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay or a secondary origin due
to rotations about vertical axes. Nine volcanic flows of late Albian to Santonian age (100–83.5 My) were sampled together
with 10 sedimentary sites (marls, limestones, calcarenites and sandstones) of lower Jurassic to early Eocene age in order
to carry out paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic experiments, 15 paleodirections being obtained. In order to analyse these results
together with data from previous studies, the studied area was subdivided into a western, a central and an eastern sector.
While inclinations of all three sectors show a similar value, declinations differ. The western sector displays a 37 ± 16°
clockwise rotation of its mean paleodeclination, the central sector is not rotated (4 ± 9°) and both sedimentary sites which
make up the eastern sector show counter-clockwise rotations (−25 ± 11° and −68 ± 9°). These results suggest that the shape
of the Basque Arc does not have a primary origin, but a secondary origin due to rotations about vertical axes as a result
of differential shortening related to post-Lutetian compressive tectonics which resulted in the formation of the Pyrenees. 相似文献
8.
徐州—淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
臼齿碳酸盐岩是一种发育在中—新元古代，由微亮晶方解石组成的复杂褶皱构造，其成因一百多年来一直是个谜。通过对徐州-淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩特征、形成环境、分布时限研究，探讨了臼齿碳酸盐岩成因。该区臼齿碳酸盐岩发育在台地缓坡沉积体系中，可作为潮下浅水环境的标志，其形态在微层序中的分布反映沉积环境，具有重要的环境意义。建立了臼齿碳酸盐岩微相环境模式。快速石化作用形成均匀、等粒微亮晶方解石，是臼齿碳酸盐岩显著特征。现代类似于发育臼齿碳酸盐岩潮下环境没有这样的快速石化条件，它要求更高的超过饱和CaCO3沉淀。臼齿碳酸盐岩在本区分布时限介于850～720Ma间，在Sturtian冰期之前消失，与全球其他地区臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的时限一致，Sturtian冰期改变了海洋化学性质，是臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的根本原因。Sturtian冰期对海洋化学性质的影响，可能是揭开臼齿碳酸盐岩成因机理的一个重要新途径。 相似文献
9.
中国豫西寒武系馒头组叠层石的沉积特征及其古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国豫西寒武系馒头组一、二段共出露9层叠层石,占寒武纪18层叠层石中的50%,且其特征明显、形态多样,可分为圆柱状、波状、半球状和围绕竹叶状砾屑灰岩生长的叠层石等4大类8小类。本文在逐层分析豫西寒武系馒头组一、二段叠层石相序特征的基础上,通过对不同类型叠层石的宏观、中观形态特征及伴生的其它沉积特征进行详细描述,并以巴哈马Highborne Cays现代海相叠层石的生长环境和前寒武纪叠层石的沉积环境等为佐证,建立了豫西寒武系馒头组8小类11种不同叠层石的沉积环境分布模式,其中潮上带以近水平状叠层石为主,少量为缓波状、小柱状和含水平状薄泥层的叠层石;潮间带上部以缓波状、小柱状和含水平状薄泥层的叠层石为主,少量锥柱状叠层石;潮间带中部以圆柱状叠层石为主,含扁平状核形石和竹叶状砾屑,少量为锥柱状和围绕竹叶状砾屑生长的叠层石;潮间带下部至潮下带以含圆形核形石的圆柱状和半球状叠层石为主,少量含核形石的倒锥状叠层石。海平面的变化即水动力条件是叠层石生长类型变化的决定因素。 相似文献
10.
Several intervals rich in barite nodules occur in the mid-Cretaceous marls of the Vocontian Trough (SE France). These concretions, which grew on heterogeneities in the sediment, are arranged as horizons parallel to the bedding, and are often associated with carbonate and phosphate nodules. Detailed sedimentological and stratigraphical observations suggest that they represent the consequence of short-term pauses in sedimentation during early diagenesis, but the most important occurrences of barite are below prominent discontinuities. This may be explained by the frequency of pauses in sedimentation caused by a progressive starvation, or an increase in the energy of bottom-water currents. The high number of barite occurrences on the basin margins is directly linked to the recurrence of sedimentary breaks. The geochemical data show that the host sediment corresponds to a pelagic setting, far from hydrothermal influences, but generally in a restricted, dysoxic to suboxic, depositional environment. The sulphur isotopic composition of the barite sulphate (+16 to +76‰ rel. CDT) supports the hypothesis of an early diagenetic origin of the barite nodules. Their genesis may be explained by the fixation of a diagenetic front corresponding to the penetration of a sulphate reduction zone from the seawater–sediment interface down in the sediment which is in contact with barium-rich porewaters expelled upwards as a consequence of compaction. The barium of biogenic origin, initially stored in the underlying black shale, was mobilized under strongly reducing conditions. Such fixation is normally induced by a pause or a stop in sedimentation due to starvation or renewed bottom-water circulation. Together with other concretions, the barite nodules mark condensed stratigraphic intervals and often represent major breaks. As such they shed light on variations in sedimentary activity and their importance in the sedimentology and stratigraphy of pelagic marly sequences cannot be ignored. 相似文献
11.
Pavel B. Kabanov Alexander S. Alekseev Nilyufer B. Gibshman Ruslan R. Gabdullin Aleksei V. Bershov 《Geological Journal》2016,51(2):163-194
The upper Viséan–Serpukhovian strata in the type region for the Serpukhovian Stage is an epeiric‐sea succession ca. 90 m in thickness. The predominantly Viséan Oka Group (comprising the Aleksin, Mikhailov, and Venev formations) is dominated by photozoan packstones with fluvial siliciclastic wedges developed from the west. The Lower Serpukhovian Zaborie Group is composed of the Tarusa and Gurovo formations. The latter is a new name for the shale‐dominated unit of Steshevian Substage age in the studied area. The Zaborie Group is composed of limestones and marls in its lower (Tarusa and basal Gurovo) part and black smectitic to grey palygorskitic shales in the main part of the Gurovo Formation. The Gurovo Formation is capped by a thin limestone with oncoids and a palygorskitic–calcretic palaeosol. The Upper Serpukhovian is composed of a thin (3–12 m) Protva Limestone heavily karstified during a mid‐Carboniferous lowstand. The succession shows a number of unusual sedimentary features, such as a lack of high‐energy facies, shallow‐subtidal marine sediments penetrated by Stigmaria, the inferred atidal to microtidal regime, and palustrine beds composed of saponitic marls. The succession contains many subaerial disconformities characterized by profiles ranging from undercoal solution horizons to palaeokarsts. Incised fluvial channels are reported at two stratigraphic levels to the west of the study area. The deepest incisions developed from the Kholm Disconformity (top of the Mikhailov Formation). This disconformity also exhibits the deepest palaeokarst profile and represents the major hiatus in the Oka–Zaborie succession. The new sea‐level curve presented herein shows two major cycles separated by the Kholm Unconformity at the Mikhailov/Venev boundary. The Lower Serpukhovian transgression moved the base‐level away from falling below the seafloor so that the section becomes conformable above the Forino Disconformity (lower Tarusa). The maximum deepening is interpreted to occur in the lower dark‐shale part of the Gurovo Formation. The base of the Serpukhovian Stage is defined by FADs of the conodont Lochriea ziegleri and the foraminifer Janischewskina delicata in the middle of the sequence VN2. The Aleksinian–Mikhailovian interval is provisionally correlated with the Asbian (Lower–Middle Warnantian) in Western Europe. Based on FODs of Janischewskina typica and first representatives of Climacammina, the Venevian is correlated with the Brigantian in Western Europe. The Tarusian–Protvian interval contains diverse fusulinid and conodont assemblages, but few forms suitable for international correlation. FADs of the zonal conodont species Adetognathus unicornis and Gnathodus bollandensis at several metres above the Protvian base suggest correlation of the entire Zaborie Group and may be the basal Protvian to the Pendleian. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
沉积鲕石和尿路结石若干特征的对比研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文从仿生学的思路出发，将几种沉积鲕石、核形石、结核等从其结构、成分和形成条件等方面与四种常见尿路结石进行对比研究。认为这些产物虽然发生在自然界或人体内两种截然不同的环境中，但是在研究其形成机理时，彼此有许多可以互相借鉴之处。沉积鲕石、核形石的分层结构和再结晶交代现象等，可以对比应用于尿石的形成和发育机理的解释；同时，尿路结石形成理论中的局部过饱和以及取向附生学说，也可引进于沉积鲕石、核形石和结核的形成理论中。此外，本文首次介绍了热发光方法研究沉积鲕石和尿路结石的成果，并认为这一研究方法仍有继续深入探讨其应用范围的潜力。 相似文献
13.
Environmental setting and microstructure of subfossil lithified stromatolites associated with evaporites, Marion Lake, South Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A variety of finely laminated, subfossil, aragonitic stromatolites and oncolites occur on a regressive marginal flat surrounding Marion Lake, South Australia. These algal forms overlie a substrate of coarse, highly porous, moldic aragonitic limestone which passes progressively towards the take centre through a zone of interstatified aragonite and gypsum and ultimately to pure crystalline gypsum. All of these facies overlie Holocene marine carbonate bank sediments which unconformably overlie at least one upper Pleistocene marine unit. Detailed petrographic and stratigraphic studies, combined with comparative studies of related nearby lakes containing a variety of living aragonitic cryptalgalaminates, provide a model for development of the Holocene sedimentary sequence. Marion Lake last became inundated by the sea around 6500 years ago during the Holocene transgression, when a protected marine environment was initiated. Lateral sediment accretion sealed marine passes into the resulting lagoon system soon after sealvel stabilized, and a variety of gypsum and gypsum-carbonate-algal facies evolved. Pure gypsum was deposited in waters 2–3 m deep in the central basin area concurrently with formation of seasonally alternating gypsum and aragonite layers towards basin margins. Blue-green filamentous algae thrived in the shallower marginal areas and at least partly controlled carbonate deposition, which must have occurred during seasonal outflow of carbonate-rich ground water from the calcareous dune aquifer over denser gypsum-saturated waters. These systems eventually migrated towards the centre of the lake to produce the relationships preserved today. The fresher waters also leached the gypsum from the marginal gypsum-carbonate facies. Collapse due to gypsum dissolution, along with aragonite crystallization, combined to form a lake-marginal mega-polygonal facies. Teepee structures formed around polygon margins, with optimum conditions for stromatolite development occurring on the teepee crests. The actual stromatolites which occur around Marion Lake are strongly indurated and involve a variety of morphologies, the most common of which are laterally linked hemispheroids. Stacked hemispheroids and oncolites are also relatively common, along with irregular forms, many of which encrust a variety of substrate irregularities. Vertical relief of the stromatolites varies from centimetres to tens of centimetres and all forms are characterized by extremely fine internal interlaminations of alternate light and dark grey laminae which typically occur several per millimetre. The microstructure comprises micritic aragonite crystals with fibrous habit associated with organic matter, and occasional zones of abundant algal filament molds which are generally oriented normal to the laminae. 相似文献
14.
We document phyllosilicates occurrence along five shallow (exhumed from depths < 3 km) carbonate-hosted extensional faults from the seismically-active domain of the central Apennines, Italy. The shallow portion of this domain is characterized by a sedimentary succession consisting of ∼5–6 km thick massive carbonate deposits overlain by ∼2 km thick phyllosilicate-rich deposits (marls and siliciclastic sandstones). We show that the phyllosilicates observed within the studied carbonate-hosted faults derived from the overlying phyllosilicate-rich sedimentary deposits and were involved in the faulting processes. We infer that, during fault zone evolution, the phyllosilicates downward injected into pull-aparts (i.e., dilational jogs) that were generated along staircase extensional faults. With further displacement accumulation, the clayey material was smeared and concentrated into localized layers along the carbonate-hosted fault surfaces. These layers are usually thin (a few centimeters to decimeters thick), but can reach also a few meters in thickness. We suggest that, even in tectonic settings dominated by high frictional strength rocks (e.g., carbonates), localized layers enriched in weak phyllosilicates can occur along shallow fault surfaces thus reducing the expected fault strength during earthquakes, possibly promoting co-seismic slip propagation up to the Earth's surface. 相似文献
15.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(6):415-431
A careful analysis of the morphology, geologic setting, stratigraphic distribution and sedimentological context of deformation features in sediments can give valuable information for the interpretation of their genesis, namely if they are of sedimentary or tectonic origin. This approach was used for the study area, located in the western region of the Portuguese mainland (West Iberian margin), where significant neotectonic and seismic activities occur, contrasting with the stabler interior of Iberia. Notwithstanding the regional neotectonics (intended as upper Pliocene to Recent), part of the deformation features observed in the studied deposits (Pliocene to Pleistocene in age) may be attributed to other phenomena but seismic shaking and/or active faulting. Slump beds and flame structures in coarse sand deposits are probably related to sedimentary overloading in high supply delta plain setting. Part of the deformation observed in the sediments that overlie Jurassic marls and limestones was probably induced by karst sink. This process is plausible even in Plio-Pleistocene sediments that overlie low carbonate content basement rocks, such as marl dominated successions. Thus, the abundance of deformation features affecting the studied Plio-Pleistocene sedimentary cover may lead to an overestimation of the regional active tectonics. The neotectonic activity in this area is reconsidered from the interpretation of the triggering mechanisms responsible for the observed deformation. 相似文献
16.
沉积型碳酸锰矿床多被认为沉积于水体较深、局限且较还原的沉积环境,特别是黑色页岩型碳酸锰矿床。在扬子北缘城口地区,埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组顶部黑色页岩中也发育碳酸锰沉积,黑色页岩及锰矿石Ce元素异常被认为是指示沉积环境的关键证据,但缺乏系统的沉积学证据,其沉积环境还存在争议。本次研究通过野外剖面、钻井岩心观察和室内薄片观察,详细描述了城口地区陡山沱组碳酸锰岩石的沉积结构、构造特征,对其展开了详细的沉积学研究,确定了其沉积环境并建立了沉积模式。研究表明,城口锰矿是典型的微生物岩沉积,菱锰矿以层状构造为主,内部发育叠层石、核形石、树形石以及凝块石。其中,核形石菱锰矿常黏结生长,菱锰矿微观特征记录了凝块状、球粒状、丝状、管状、纤维状以及放射状等微生物岩微结构。关键钻孔岩心沉积记录显示,研究区陡山沱组菱锰矿与胶磷矿交互沉积,菱锰矿中发育各种微生物岩旋回沉积,少见正粒序层理,内部偶有记录代表水动力变强的内碎屑层,而胶磷矿以强水动力内碎屑沉积为特征,常发育于菱锰矿上部,显示含锰岩系—含磷岩系旋回沉积特征,揭示陡山沱组末期城口地区沉积水体逐渐变浅的特征。结合区域陡山沱组地层沉积特征,认为扬子北缘城口地区陡山沱组1段为缺失盖帽的无障壁海岸沉积,陡山沱组2段是具有混积特征的碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积,微生物岩型菱锰矿主要发育于浅缓坡下部障积丘礁沉积环境。值得注意的是,研究区陡山沱组末期障积丘礁的发育是加速该区域沉积体系由缓坡向台地演化的重要盆地演化动力学因素。 相似文献
17.
The Palaeozoic to Mesozoic accretionary complexes of southwest Japan include various types of mélange. Most mélanges are polygenetic in origin, being sedimentary or diapiric mélanges that were overprinted by tectonic deformation during subduction. Sedimentary mélanges, without a tectonic overprint, are present in the Permian accretionary complexes of the Akiyoshi and Kurosegawa belts and in the Early Cretaceous accretionary complex of the Chichibu Belt. These mélanges are characterized by dominant basalt and limestone clasts, within a mudstone matrix. The basalt and limestone clasts within the sedimentary mélanges were derived from ancient seamounts. Subduction of a seamount results in deformation of the pre-existing accretionary wedge, and it is difficult to incorporate a seamount into an accretionary wedge; therefore, preservation of seamount fragments requires a special tectonic setting. Oceanic plateau accretion might play an important role in interrupting the processes of subduction and accretion during the formation of accretionary complexes. Especially the Mikabu oceanic plateau might have caused the cessation of accretion during the Early Cretaceous. The subduction and accretion of volcanic arcs and oceanic plateaux helps to preserve sedimentary mélanges from tectonic overprinting by preventing further subduction. 相似文献
18.
One of the keys to understanding the origin of Archaean greenstone belts lies in the geological relationships between mafic and ultramafic greenstones, felsic to intermediate volcanic rocks and terrigenous sediments. Traditional models for greenstone belt evolution have been based on in-situ stratigraphic relationships. Most of these models, for example an oceanic island-arc developed on oceanic basement, back-arc basins, and the recently popular plume model, predict concordant stratigraphic relationships among the various greenstone belt lithologies. However, rather than being depositional in nature, several authors have indicated that many of the relationships between the different lithologies in greenstone belts are in fact tectonic, suggesting an allochthonous origin for most greenstone sequences. All of these latter models make analogies to Phanerozoic tectonic processes involving accretion of oceanic materials with volcanism related to both plate subduction and rifting.
In this paper, we have evaluated the geological relationships between volcanic rocks and sediments in three regions in the Superior province, where the accretion of oceanic material can be documented, and direct comparisons are made to geological processes in Phanerozoic accretionary complexes. In the Malartic area in the southeastern Abitibi Subprovince, 3 to 4 km thick slices of komatiite and tholeiite, with intercalated terrigenous sediment, are tectonically imbricated and are overlain by calc-alkaline volcanics which postdate tectonic stacking. In both the Larder Lake region of the southwestern Abitibi belt and in the Beardmore-Geraldton belt, at the south-eastern limit of the Wabigoon belt, slices of iron-rich tholeiite and chemical sediments of an oceanic origin are tectonically imbricated with terrigenous sediment.
The Malartic-Val d'Or area is considered to be an example of accretion of an Archaean oceanic plateau, while the Larder Lake and the Beardmore-Geraldton regions are potentially typical of accretion of normal oceanic crust in an arc-environment. Phanerozoic accretion of oceanic crust is accompanied by a step-back in subduction, and in this paper we suggest that oceanic crust accretion may have been the principal mechanism by which the locus of subduction migrated towards the south of the Superior province. Asthenospheric upwelling associated with the isolated sinking plate may have been responsible for widespread late-magmatism. This scenario requires that magmas be erupted through previously accreted volcanic, plutonic and sedimentary material. Furthermore, later ridge subduction will result in transpressional tectonics and eruption of mafic sequences over mature and immature volcano-plutonic sequences. The combined result of the plate tectonic scenario envisaged would result in the well-described “cyclic stratigraphy” of many granite greenstone sequences. 相似文献
19.
Onondaga Lake is a moderately saline, eutrophic lake characterized by waters rich in calcium, sodium, chloride and bicarbonate. Large quantities of CaCO3 that are precipitated in the lake result from excess calcium supplied as calcium chloride wastes produced by soda-ash manufacturing to lake waters that are at or near saturation with respect to CaCO3 from solution of carbonate rocks in the drainage basin. Beaches along the leeward (northeastern) shore of the lake are composed almost entirely of oncolites ranging from a few millimeters to several centimeters in maximum dimension. Offshore, in 1–2 m of water, the oncolites are biscuit-shaped concretions as much as 15 cm in diameter. The oncolites consist mainly of low-magnesium calcite, but dissolution of the carbonate with dilute acid results in a mass of blue-green algal filaments of the same approximate size and shape as the original oncolite. Most oncolites have an obvious nucleus; the most common nucleus is the hollow stem and cortication tubules of charophytes. Charophytes do not occur in Onondaga Lake today although they are common in other limestone-bedrock lakes in central New York State. Charophytes probably were eliminated by the marked increases in salinity of the lake that resulted from the introduction of soda-ash manufacturing on the lake shores around 1880 which means that growth of the oncolites began at least 100 years ago. 相似文献
20.
R. R. Ramsay A. E. Eves M. T. D. Wingate G. Batt K. Rogers 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2017,64(3):419-434
Field observations integrated with new petrographic and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb age data for detrital zircons from the Paleoproterozoic Speewah Group of northern Western Australia provide evidence of depositional conditions, source of detritus, timing and evolution of the sedimentary rocks in the Speewah Basin. The Speewah Group is a 1.5 km-thick succession of poorly outcropping, predominantly siliciclastic rocks that preserve a fluviatile to marine, transgressive and regressive event. The Speewah Group unconformably overlies crystalline rocks of the Lamboo Province that were stabilised by the 1870–1850 Ma Hooper Orogeny, then accreted as the Kimberley region onto the North Australian Craton during the 1835–1810 Ma Halls Creek Orogeny. Unconformably overlying the Speewah Group is about 4 km of predominantly siliciclastic marine sedimentary rocks of the Kimberley Group in the Kimberley Basin. This study has detected a detrital zircon component within the Speewah Basin at 1814 ± 10 Ma, with a youngest zircon at 1803 ± 12 Ma (1σ) in fluviatile sandstones located beneath a volcaniclastic rock with magmatic zircons that have been dated at ca 1835 Ma. Previous studies proposed that the Speewah Basin developed as a retro-arc foreland basin during accretion of the North Australian Craton. We interpret the ca 1835 Ma zircons in the volcaniclastic rocks to be xenocrystic in origin. This new 20 million years younger maximum depositional age indicates that the Speewah Group in the Speewah Basin, similarly to the overlying Kimberley Group in the Kimberley Basin, developed in a post-orogenic setting on the North Australian Craton rather than in a syn-orogenic setting associated with the 1835–1810 Ma Halls Creek Orogeny. 相似文献