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1.
Jessica de Koning 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(4):358-371
Community forest management in the Amazon has been subject to institutional changes because of a shift from government to governance. Although these changes aim to create opportunities for local communities, the effectiveness of new institutions remains arbitrary. In particular, the unpredictability of legislative outcomes—as one of the institutional changes—evokes discussion on how local people respond to new institutions. This article analyzes the effects of forest institutions at the local level. By using the concept of institutional bricolage, the article argues that institutions in practice work differently than intended. 相似文献
2.
Reindeer herding is a nature-based livelihood of the indigenous Sámi people in northern parts of Europe and Russia. During the last decades, reindeer herding has become a more significant issue in the context of the market economy: the livelihood has transformed toward entrepreneurship, and the subsidies demand growth in the scale of herding. According to the national administration, the market values are highlighted. However, for herders, market economies are only one part of their livelihood. Another important part is their experience of reindeer herding as a way of life; for many reindeer herders trust in their livelihood and the social relations associated with their way of life are of equal or greater importance than economic aspects. In this paper, the role of social trust in the changing process of reindeer herding is discussed. Inherited tacit and cultural knowledge, as a part of social capital, strengthen reindeer herders’ experience of trust. 相似文献
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New progress of research on water cycle in atmosphere in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WANG Guo JIA Shao-feng YU Gui-rui XU Juan WANG Jin-xi WANG Qiu-feng GE Quan-sheng HUANG Ji-kun XIA Jun LI Li-juan JIN De-sheng DONG Suo-cheng WANG Jin-feng HE Fan-neng ZHANG Xue-qin 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(4):480-489
1 Precipitation characteristics Since the 1980s, Chinese climatologists have conducted a lot of researches on the law of precipitation variation in recent 100 years. Zhang Xiangong et al. (1982)[1], Tu Qipu (1984)[2], Wang Shaowu (1994)[3], Chen Longxun, et al. (1998)[4] have carried out researches on temperature and precipitation changes of the last 100 years in China, viewing that China has the characteristics of cold-wet and warm-dry alternations. Shi Neng et al. (1983) studied the rel… 相似文献
5.
《地理学报(英文版)》1936,(4)
The name "petroleum" signifies "oil from stone."According to the classification ofMale,petroleum is included in the category of bitumens.It is an extremely complextype of mineral oil, compounded of various substances and valuable for its combustiblequalities.It is found in the earth, sometimes lying at great distances below the surface. 相似文献
6.
《地理学报》1936,(4)
The name "petroleum" signifies "oil from stone."According to the classification ofMale,petroleum is included in the category of bitumens.It is an extremely complextype of mineral oil, compounded of various substances and valuable for its combustiblequalities.It is found in the earth, sometimes lying at great distances below the surface. 相似文献
7.
1 Physiographic characteristics of Bashang area In broad sense, Bashang area refers to the entire Zhangbei, Kangbao and Guyuan counties, northern part of Shangyi, northern parts of Fengning and Weichang counties of Chengde Prefecture, most part of Duolun county, entire Taipusi Banner (Taipusi County), southern part of Zhenglan and Zhengxiangbai banners (counties) and northeast of Huade in Inner Mongolia, altogether 12 counties or banners covering an area of more than 42,000 km2 with a … 相似文献
8.
Summary It is widely accepted that the nature and extent of commuting patterns worldwide represent a large slice of the overall environmental problems associated with transport use. There has been a long-standing concern over the 'congestion peaks' derived from daily travel-to-work patterns, and a preoccupation with the ways in which greener modes of commuting might contribute to a more environmentally benign transport system. This article uses Census data to focus on commuting patterns in England and Wales, concluding that, despite recent moves towards promoting a more integrated and sustainable transport system, worrying trends persist that would seem to undermine this strategy. On a more positive note, the Census data also suggest that many shorter trips might potentially be converted to 'greener modes' walking or cycling–with substantial environmental benefits. 相似文献
9.
Alec Thornton Tony Binns Maria Talaitupu Kerslake 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2013,34(3):357-372
This paper presents findings from a study about the relationships between social change and settlement change in Samoa, where a form of landlessness is emerging in low income areas of the main town, Apia. It examines changing reciprocal kinship arrangements with respect to customary rural village plantation land and changes in both individual and household relationships with the church. Although these relationships are typically closely bound in Pacific island societies, recent field‐based research has revealed the expansion of landless urban settlements with households that are alienated from rural village‐based kin and, by extension, customary land. 相似文献
10.
Reconsidering neoliberal urban planning in times of crisis: urban regeneration policy in a “dense” space in Lisbon 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Simone Tulumello 《Urban geography》2016,37(1):117-140
In this article, I contribute to recent debates about the concept of neoliberalism and its use as an explanatory concept, through the analysis of urban planning and regeneration policy in Lisbon amidst crisis and austerity. Suggesting a look at neoliberalization from a threefold perspective—the project, governmentalities, and policymaking—I analyze how current austerity-policy responses to the European economic crisis can be understood as a renewed and coherent deployment of neoliberal stances. The article presents implications for urban planning in Lisbon and thus suggests an exploration of the negotiations and clashes of hegemonic neoliberal governmentalities and policies with the local social and spatial fabric. For this exploration, I select a “deviant” case—the Mouraria neighborhood, a “dense” space in which the consequences of policies diverge sharply from expectations. In conclusion, I suggest that neoliberalization (in times of crisis) should be understood as a coherent project compromised by a set of highly ambiguous governmentalities, which bring about contradictory policymaking at the local level. 相似文献
11.
西藏近35 年日照时数的变化特征及其影响因素 总被引：53，自引：2，他引：51
采用气候倾向率方法, 对西藏25 个站1971~2005 年逐月日照时数以及对日照有影响的 总云量、低云量、水汽压和降水量等资料进行了统计分析。结果表明: 近35 年西藏年日照时 数表现为极显著的减少趋势, 平均每10 年减少34.1 h。除冬季变化不大外, 其它各季均为减少趋势, 特别是近25 年, 夏、秋季日照时数减幅加大, 年日照时数减少明显。西藏20 世纪70 年代春、夏季日照充足, 秋、冬季日照偏少; 80 年代季日照时数均为正距平, 以秋季最为明显; 90 年代与80 年代截然相反, 季日照时数均偏少, 尤其是夏季。年日照时数异常偏多 年份均出现在20 世纪80 年代, 而异常偏少年份多发生在20 世纪90 年代。阿里地区年、季照时数的显著增加与总云量的显著减少、降水量减少有关, 其它大部分站点年、季日照时数显著下降与大气水汽压的增加关系密切。 相似文献
12.
近46年来昆明市日照变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了昆明市1961~2006年日照时数变化特征及与日照百分率、总云量、低云量、水汽压和地面定时能见度之间的关系。结果表明：日照时数呈减少趋势,日照时数的减少幅度为115 h/10 a,其中又以春、夏季减少最快。年日照时数存在突变现象,突变点在1980年。日照百分率与日照时数变化趋势相一致。年低云量、总云量、水汽压略呈增加趋势,总云量和水汽压与日照时数变化呈显著的负相关,是昆明市日照时数减少的主要因素。地面能见度呈下降趋势,表明大气气溶胶含量上升,影响日照时数变化,但不是主要因素。 相似文献
13.
近50年新疆日照时数时空变化分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用新疆101 个气象站1961-2010 年的逐月日照时数、总云量和低云量资料,使用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall 检测以及基于ArcGIS 的混合插值法对春、夏、秋、冬四季和年日照时数的变化趋势、突变特征以及日照时数多年平均值和突变前后变化量的空间分布及其与云量的关系进行了分析,结果表明：（1）新疆春季日照时数总体呈现“从东北向西南递减”的空间分布特点;夏季为“北疆多,南疆少,东部多、西部少,平原和盆地多,山区少”的格局;秋季呈现“由东南向西北递减”的分布格局;冬季具有“东部多,西部少”的特点。新疆各地年日照时数2450~3450 h,其空间分布总体呈现“东部多,西部少;平原和盆地多,山区少”的格局。（2）1961-2010 年,除春季日照时数呈不显著的略增趋势外,新疆夏季、秋季、冬季和年日照时数分别以-4.27 h·（10a）-1、-4.30 h·（10a）-1、-14.36 h·（10a）-1和-19.42 h·（10a）-1的倾向率呈显著的减少趋势。并且,夏季、秋季、冬季和年日照时数分别于1988 年、1986 年、1987 年和1982 年发生了突变。突变年前后,全疆各地日照时数的变化具有明显的区域性差异,以年日照时数为例,1982 年后较其之前,除吐鲁番、哈密盆地,塔里木盆地南缘等少部分区域年日照时数有所增多外,全疆大部为减少的态势。（3）云量是影响新疆日照时数的主要因素,总体来说,新疆总云量和低云量较少的区域日照时数相对较多;反之,亦然。近50a,新疆总云量变化不明显,但低云量明显增多,这是导致日照时数减少的主要成因。 相似文献
14.
根据常规气象观测资料以及MODIS卫星气溶胶产品,分析了西安近50 a总辐射变化特征及其相关影响因子。结果表明：西安地区1961-2005年总辐射变化经历了“持续”、“变暗”、“变亮”、“再变暗”4个阶段,西安总辐射的变化幅度较全国平均变化幅度大,其“变亮”过程开始于1985年,较全国平均时间略早;西安4个季节总辐射总体均呈现出下降趋势,其变化幅度存在一定差异。通过对云量、气溶胶、水汽压、相对湿度等影响因子的分析,水汽压和相对湿度对总辐射变化影响不明显,总云量和气溶胶的变化对西安总辐射的变化存在较显著的影响,春、夏季总辐射的变化主要受云量和气溶胶直接辐射强迫的共同影响,其中总云量的变化在一定程度上决定了总辐射变化的振幅,城市发展所导致的气溶胶增加所产生的直接辐射强迫作用可能决定了总辐射的总体下降趋势;秋、冬季节的总辐射下降趋势主要与气溶胶的直接辐射强迫有关。 相似文献
15.
云水含量和云结构参量是天气预报、高山区水循环过程分析的基础。基于2012-2015年夏季CloudSat卫星遥感资料的2B-CLDCLASS、2B-GEOPROF和2B-GEOPROF-LIDAR,结合中国第二次冰川编目数据及气象资料,对祁连山地区疏勒南山冰川区与非冰川区云水含量和云类型特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)云水含量的垂直分布受下垫面和云类型的影响,主要表现为有冰川覆盖的高山上空降水云类型以深对流云为主,无冰川覆盖的高山上空降水云类型以雨层云为主。(2)疏勒南山地区高含水量主要分布在5 km以下的中低层云中,且冰川区气流垂直运动较非冰川区活跃。(3)疏勒南山冰川区云水含量平均值为0.07 g·m^-3,非冰川区云水含量平均值为0.17 g·m^-3,云水的空间变化在一定程度上能够反映降水和水汽的分布状况。 相似文献
16.
With Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） and trend analysis method adopted, the spatio-temporal variation of total cloud amount is analyzed for 75 stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the period 1971-2004. Analysis indicates that the total cloud amount decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the plateau, and that the annual and seasonal variations in total cloud amount both show an apparent declining tendency over the past decades. Correlation analysis demonstrates that the total cloud amount is negative with sunshine duration and diurnal temperature range （DTR）, and is positive with precipitation and the relative humidity, respectively. The negative correlation is consistent with the radiative effect of cloud, while the positive correlation between total cloud amount and precipitation is obscured because of the influence of topographic factors. Discussion implies that the decrease of total cloud amount is possibly due to the variation of atmospheric aerosol content and ozone concentration over the plateau, although it is difficult to quantify the driving force mechanism up to now. 相似文献
17.
With Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and trend analysis method adopted, the spatio-temporal variation of total cloud amount is analyzed for 75 stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the period 1971-2004. Analysis indicates that the total cloud amount decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the plateau, and that the annual and seasonal variations in total cloud amount both show an apparent declining tendency over the past decades. Correlation analysis demonstrates that the total cloud amount is negative with sunshine duration and diurnal temperature range (DTR), and is positive with precipitation and the relative humidity, respectively. The negative correlation is consistent with the radiative effect of cloud, while the positive correlation between total cloud amount and precipitation is obscured because of the influence of topographic factors. Discussion implies that the decrease of total cloud amount is possibly due to the variation of atmospheric aerosol content and ozone concentration over the plateau, although it is difficult to quantify the driving force mechanism up to now. 相似文献
18.
With Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and trend analysis method adopted, the spatio-temporal variation of total cloud amount is analyzed for 75 stations on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau during the period 1971–2004. Analysis indicates that the total cloud amount decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the plateau, and that the annual and seasonal variations in total cloud amount both show an apparent declining tendency over the past decades. Correlation analysis demonstrates that the total cloud amount is negative with sunshine duration and diurnal temperature range (DTR), and is positive with precipitation and the relative humidity, respectively. The negative correlation is consistent with the radiative effect of cloud, while the positive correlation between total cloud amount and precipitation is obscured because of the influence of topographic factors. Discussion implies that the decrease of total cloud amount is possibly due to the variation of atmospheric aerosol content and ozone concentration over the plateau, although it is difficult to quantify the driving force mechanism up to now. 相似文献
19.
利用1988年、2006年的LandSat-TM遥感数据及气候因子数据,用灰色关联度法分析了青海省巴音河流域土地利用/土地覆盖现状、18 a来的变化趋势及其气候驱动,并定性分析了社会驱动。结果表明,1980-2007年间年降水量以12.9 mm/10a的幅度波动增加;日照时数以83.3 h/10a的幅度减少;年平均气温、地温分别以0.6 ℃/10a和0.8 ℃/10a的幅度波动升高。在这样的气候背景下,未利用土地分布最广,占面积的71.43%。1988年至2006年间,土地利用/土地覆盖变化为城镇用地、农业用地和天然草地面积增加;未利用土地面积也增加,其中裸岩、荒地、盐碱地、沙地面积明显增加,分别增加6.28 km2·a-1、5.82 km2·a-1 、2.76 km2·a-1 和0.21 km2·a-1;而不同类型的湿地生态面积呈退缩趋势,其中冰川、湖泊、苇地、沼泽、河流的面积退缩明显,分别减少12.13 km2·a-1、0.43 km2·a-1、0.41 km2·a-1、0.27 km2·a-1和0.21 km2·a-1。可以看出,生态环境呈退化趋势。日照时数和降水与各类型生态面积的关联度变化大,分别在0.667～0.997和0.668～0.986之间,气温次之,关联度在0.669～0.835之间,地温最小,在0.667～0.856之间。大部分类型的生态面积变化其驱动因素主要为降水,其次为日照时数,气温和地温影响较小。不合理的社会用水促进了土地的荒漠化。 相似文献
20.
The data utilized in this analysis consisted of extraterrestrial radiation, global radiation, diffuse radiation, direct radiation, total cloud cover and relative sunshine. The annual variations and trend were analyzed for monthly mean daily total global, direct, and diffuse radiation on a horizontal surface and for the relations between global, direct, diffuse radiation and relative sunshine, total cloud cover. The climatological calculation equations of global and direct radiation are put forward. The results show that global and direct radiations are characterized by decrease and diffuse radiation by increase. The main causes are due to the increase of concentration of suspended particles and atmospheric turbidities rather than cloud cover variations. 相似文献