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基于地震对应概率谱分析的前兆异常识别研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
针对观测或分析资料曲线异常的定量化识别提取问题,研究提出了地震对应概率谱统计方法和累计滑动平均概率分析方法.通过地震对应谱分析可以得到不同值域数据异常信度属性.在不同考察时长的对应概率谱基础上,将原始数据时间序列转换成概率时间序列,并采用多点累计滑动平均方法得到滑动平均概率时间进程曲线,进而进行地震前兆异常的识别研究.以新疆北天山地区地震学参数η值时间进程序列为原始数据进行算例分析,结果显示,当考察时长为18个月时,利用滑动平均概率时间进程曲线可以较好地识别地震前兆异常,异常对应率为83%,有震报准率为86%,异常具有中期属性.分析认为,不同考察时长的地震对应概率谱和滑动平均概率序列,不仪可以用于单项资料的前兆异常识别研究,还可以为综合分析预报提供定量的单项因子数据. 相似文献
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1前兆资料预处理和前兆中高频短临信息提取
资料预处理主要包括原始数据整理,消除年变,提取反映地震孕育短临阶段的中高频信息,并进行时间序列的标准化和信息化,信息化处理后的时间序列更有效反应强震孕育的短期或临震前兆高频短临信息.孕震前兆中高频短临信息的识别与前兆趋势异常的识别有实质的不同,前兆趋势异常反映的是孕震前期或中期的中、长趋势打破常规的异常变化,而孕震前兆中高频短临信息则反映的是强震进入临震阶段地壳应力、应变在震前处于一种临界的失稳状态.强震的孕育-发生-发展的全过程中震源区和外围地区的应力-应变状态都会发生相应变化,强震的震时和震后短时间内产生的中高频信息可能往往比强震孕育到临震阶段产生的前兆中高频信息要丰富,也就是说已发强震产生的震时和震后高频信息可能往往强于前兆中高频短临信息,因而在识别孕震前兆中高频短临信息时,必须排除强震产生的震时和震后的中高频信息,即在做前兆中高频短临信息时间序列曲线时,必须滤除前期已发强震产生的震时和震后的中高频信息,这样才能从前兆观测资料中提取出反映出地震孕育进入破裂阶段的前兆中高频短临信息. 相似文献
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应用了小波变换理论,对2005年林甸地震的前兆数据进行分析,研究在不同尺度下前兆数据的细节变化。结果表明,小波变换的多尺度分析方法将前兆数据分解成若干频段,容易识别和提取原始测值中不易分辨的震前异常,提高了识别前兆数据异常的能力。 相似文献
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如何从卫星观测数据中提取地震前兆信息,是近年来一个跨空间物理学、地震学和板块构造学等学科领域的研究焦点.本文回顾和分析了近年来国外学者在震例研究方面的成果,并提出了进行震例研究的思路和步骤. 相似文献
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本文清理了吉林省地震前兆台网在省内中等地震,邻区中强以上地震、西太平洋地震带大震前记录到的１４次前兆异常。通过震例统计,筛选出省内前兆映震敏感测点和敏感测项。根据映震范围曲线求出最低映震震级为３．０左右,线性区内最大映震距离为６００￣８００ｋｍ。对５级地震的反映距离为２００￣３００ｋｍ。 相似文献
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对黑龙江省地电阻率台网近些年的观测资料进行了整理分析,对台网的两个地电阻率台观测资料进行了评估,发现林甸台地电阻率数据受各种干扰非常严重,无法提取震兆信息,而绥化台的观测数据质量较高,映震效能较好。绥化地震台地电阻率观测曲线具有规则年周期变化特征,以此为依据进行各向异性的前兆异常特征的研究,发现利用原始曲线法和归一化月速率方法,在中强地震前震区一定区域内的电阻率各向异性值（S）会出现上升型或下降型异常变化。分析认为速率法对于提取短临异常,判断发震时间较为理想。 相似文献
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通过分析MSDP二进制震相文件结构特点,利用Visual Basic语言研发震相数据提取软件,自动提取震相文件数据,并形成地震目录、地震报告以及双差定位研究等所需格式的原始数据,将研究人员从繁琐的数据格式转换中解脱出来,以大幅度提高科研进程和准确度。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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O. Martins 《水文研究》1988,2(1):19-29
Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO3 > SO4 > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals. 相似文献
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Historical earthquakes noted in the written records of the South China region, including Hong Kong, are not well delineated along identified prominent fault sources. Despite the lack of any definitive, localised trend in the spatial distribution of seismic activity in the region, there does appear to be some major disparity in the seismic activity rates (especially for large magnitude earthquakes) between the near-field and the far-field regions of Hong Kong. Despite this observation, previous studies of the regional seismic activity and seismic ground motion hazard (the latter using a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, PSHA) have considered very broad source zone regions, in which uniform levels of seismic activity have been assumed. The present paper further scrutinises this broad source zone (BSZ) approach by adopting a novel expanding circular disc (ECD) method to determine the rates of earthquake recurrence. Such a method is intended to counter-check previously developed models by determining earthquake scenario events in terms of magnitude–distance (M–R) pairs or combinations, having defined values of average return period. Unlike the BSZ approach, the ECD method specifically accounts for the supposed variations in the seismic activity rates between events in the near-field and the far-field of Hong Kong.The form of the developed method is particularly suited to the determination of design-level earthquake ground motions for bedrock sites, since it assumes a directionally-independent attenuation model as described in the companion paper. It is found that, whilst the BSZ approach may indicate the overall average levels of hazard that are representative of the South China region as a whole, it does not capture the large disparity in seismic activity rates between near-field and far-field events. This important feature is expected to have a significant impact upon engineering assessments of the seismic safety of structures in Hong Kong and elsewhere in the South China region. For example, it is found that for events with M≥6, the seismic activity rate (normalised by time and area) in the very far-field is around 3.5 times larger than in the near-field and medium-field of Hong Kong. The resulting design M-R combinations, covering a range of return periods from 70 to 2500 years, are limited, for very long return periods and for distant events, by the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) magnitude. Intensive research to determine this seismic hazard parameter is recommended, in order to refine further the results of the ECD analysis, which presently conservatively assumes the MCE to range between M=6 in the near-field of Hong Kong to M=8 in the very far-field, at distances greater than 280 km from Hong Kong. 相似文献
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Depositional ages and characteristics of Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in southeastern Mongolia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hitoshi Hasegawa Hisao Ando Noriko Hasebe Niiden Ichinnorov Tohru Ohta Takashi Hasegawa Masanobu Yamamoto Gang Li Bat‐Orshikh Erdenetsogt Ulrich Heimhofer Takayuki Murata Hironori Shinya G. Enerel G. Oyunjargal O. Munkhtsetseg Noriyuki Suzuki Tomohisa Irino Koshi Yamamoto 《Island Arc》2018,27(3)
Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales are widely distributed in southeastern Mongolia. Due to the high organic carbon content of oil shale, many geochemical studies and petroleum exploration have been conducted. Although most of the oil shales are considered to be Early Cretaceous in age, a recent study reveals that some were deposited in the Middle Jurassic. The present study aims at establishing depositional ages and characteristics of the Jurassic and Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in Mongolia. The Lower Cretaceous Shinekhudag Formation is about 250 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale and dolomite. The Middle Jurassic Eedemt Formation is about 150 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale, dolomitic marl, and siltstone. The alternations of shale and dolomite in both formations were formed by lake level changes, reflecting precipitation changes. Shales were deposited in the center of a deep lake during highstand, while dolomites were formed by primary precipitation during lowstand. Based on the radiometric age dating, the Shinekhudag Formation was deposited between 123.8 ±2.0 Ma and 118.5 ±0.9 Ma of the early Aptian. The Eedemt Formation was deposited at around 165–158 Ma of Callovian–Oxfordian. The calculated sedimentation rate of the Shinekhudag Formation is between 4.7 ±2.6 cm/ky and 10.0 ±7.6 cm/ky. Shales in the Shinekhudag Formation show micrometer‐scale lamination, consisting of algal organic matter and detrital clay mineral couplets. Given the average thickness of micro‐laminae and calculated sedimentation rate, the micro‐lamination is most likely of varve origin. Both Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales were deposited in intracontinental basins in the paleo‐Asian continent. Tectonic processes and basin evolution basically controlled the deposition of these oil shales. In addition, enhanced precipitation under humid climate during the early Aptian and the Callovian–Oxfordian was another key factor inducing the widespread oil shale deposition in Mongolia. 相似文献
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A. C. LIAKOPOULOS Dr. Eng. 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):69-110
ABSTRACT The one-dimensional transient downward entry of water in unsaturated soils is investigated theoretically. The mathematical equation describing the infiltration process is derived by combining Darcy's dynamic equation of motion with the continuity and thermodynamic state equations adjusted for the unsaturated flow conditions. The resulting equation together with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions constitues a mathematical initial boundary value problem requiring the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation of the parabolic type. The volumetric water content is taken as the dependent variable and the time and the position along the vertical direction are taken as the independent variables. The governing equation is of such nature that a solution exists for t > 0 and is uniquely determined if two relationships are defined, together with the specified state of the system, at the initial time t = 0 and at the two boundaries. The two required relations are those of pressure versus permeability and pressure versus volumetric water content. Since the partial differential equation has strong non-linear terms, a discrete solution is obtained by approximating the derivatives with finite-differences at discrete mesh points in the solution domain and integrated for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The use of an implicit difference scheme is employed in order to generate a system of simultaneous non-linear equations that has to be solved for each time increment. For n mesh points the two boundary conditions provide two equations and the repetition of the recurrence formula provides n—2 equations, the total being n equations for each time increment. The solution of the system is obtained by matrix inversion and particularly with a back-substitution technique. The FORTRAN statements used for obtaining the solution with an electronic digital computer (IBM 704) are presented together with the input data. Analysis of the errors involved in the numerical solution is made and the stability and convergence of the solution of the approximate difference equation to that of the differential equation is investigated. The method applied is that of making a Fourier series expansion of a whole line of errors and then following the progress of the general term of the series expansion and also the behavior of each constituent harmonic. The errors (forming a continuous function of points in an abstract Banach space) are represented by vectors with the Fourier coefficients constituting a second Banach space. The amplification factor of the difference equation is shown to be always less than unity which guarantees the stability of the employed implicit recurrence scheme. Experiments conducted on a vertical column packed uniformly with very fine sand, show a satisfactory agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained values. Many experimental results are shown in an attempt to explain the infiltration phenomenon with emphasis on the shape and movement of the wet front, and the effects of the degree of compaction, initial water content and deaired water on the infiltration rate. 相似文献
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Church repair swarms and earthquakes in Rhodes Island, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
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GHODRAT TORABI 《Island Arc》2012,21(3):215-229
Late Permian trondhjemites in the Anarak area occur as stocks and dykes, which cross cut the Anarak ophiolite and its overlying metasedimentary rocks, and are exposed along the northern Anarak east–west main faults. These leucocratic intrusive bodies have enclaves of all ophiolitic units and metamorphic rocks. They are composed of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase), quartz, zircon and muscovite. Secondary minerals are chlorite (pycnochlorite), epidote, albite, magnetite and calcite. Whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analyses reveal that they are characterized by high SiO 2 (67.8–71.0 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (14.9–17.1 wt%) and Na 2 O (5.3–8.6 wt%), low K 2 O (0.1–1.5 wt%; average: 0.8 wt%), low Rb/Sr ratio (0.01–0.40; average: 0.09), low Y (3–6 ppm), negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, slightly negative or positive Eu anomaly, LREE enrichment and fractionated HREE. These rocks present 2 to 40 times enrichment in inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the Anarak trondhjemites all reflect melting of a mafic protolith at more than 10 kbar. The field evidence and whole‐rock chemistry reveal that these rocks have been crystallized from magmas derived from melting of subducted Anarak oceanic crust. This study reveals that melting of garnet amphibolite was an important element of continent formation in the study area. 相似文献