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1.
《Marine Policy》2017
In the past two decades, the seafarer workforce in China has been growing at a much faster pace than that of the Chinese merchant fleet, resulting in an oversupply of seafarers in the domestic market. As one of the major seafarer suppliers in the world, China still faces great challenges to assign Chinese seafarers to the international maritime labour market. Although literature claims that a lack of English communication ability of Chinese seafarers is one of the main barriers for them to compete with seafarers of other nationalities for job opportunities, there is little empirical research to substantiate such claim. To fill this gap, this paper aims to investigate: 1) employers’ views on the current level of Chinese seafarers’ communicative competence; and 2) to what extent their communicative competence correlates with their employability in the international maritime labour market. To achieve the research objectives, a questionnaire survey relating to factors affecting the employability of Chinese seafarers on foreign ships was conducted. Interviews were carried out with employers who had been recruiting seafarers in China. The findings show that English communicative competence is among the top determinants for seafarers to be employed on foreign ships. Most employers believe that there has been a declining trend in the communicative competence of Chinese seafarers over the last decade. Employers interviewed agree that a high priority should be placed on the improvement of quality of maritime English teachers. 相似文献
2.
《Marine Policy》2017
Seafarers make a critical contribution to civil society, but seafarers’ health has received comparatively little attention in the maritime world. China has the largest population of seafarers, and Chinese seafarers are working on board merchant ships flying different flags. The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 entered into force in China in November 2016, and it has already generated significant impact in terms of policy, legislation and maritime practice. However, while seafarers’ treatment has been improved significantly in many countries, in particular in developed countries, Chinese seafarers are still facing some challenges relating to health issues, such as long working hours, insufficient nutrition, lack of recreation and poor mental health. Based on existing knowledge and scholarship available in the public domain, together with primary data collected in several phases of fieldwork, this paper critically examines a number of major issues relating to maritime health of Chinese seafarers. 相似文献
3.
《Marine Policy》2017
The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 outlines a framework for states to enforce jurisdiction over maritime labour matters, including the Flag State, Port State and Labour Supplying State. However, the Convention does not provide explicit guidance on jurisdiction determination. This article argues that seafarers should have the right to access the jurisdictions of member states, and that future amendment to the Convention should confirm this right. This paper first analyses current theories of maritime labour jurisdiction. Secondly, it conducts a comparative doctrinal analysis regarding adjudicative jurisdiction principles in common law and civil law systems. Thirdly, in three case studies involving concurrence jurisdictions of member states, this article finds that the authority of any single member state is not reliably accessible to seafarers, in particular when the state has no strong link with the seafarers. This article recommends that seafarers’ rights in the Convention to choose one jurisdiction from relevant member states should be confirmed in a future amendment. 相似文献
4.
《Marine Policy》1999,23(1):71-80
This paper presents the findings of a study into fatalities among seafarers serving on board merchant vessels worldwide. Statistics obtained from official maritime authorities are used to provide a comparison of mortality rates among seafarers in 19 different national fleets, and to estimate the number of seafaring lives lost at sea worldwide. This study has the advantage of distinguishing between five different causes of death at sea: deaths through maritime disasters, occupational accidents, illnesses, crewing personnel missing at sea and suicides, homicides and unexplained causes. The findings are compared with those of previous studies and with published statistical information on casualties worldwide. It is evident that statistics released by respected maritime sources grossly under-report casualties arising from disasters involving merchant vessels, and fail to address mortality through all other causes of death at sea. 相似文献
5.
《Marine Policy》1999,23(1):103-115
Concern has existed for some time that the decline of the British shipping industry is resulting in the UK economy losing its maritime skills base. The effects of this loss could extend beyond the shipping industry because former seafarers are employed in other maritime related businesses ashore besides shipping. A study undertaken during 1995 and 1996 identified the economy’s requirement for people with seafaring experience in land based jobs and assessed the implications of a shortfall in supply of seafarers to fill such jobs. This paper is concerned with the demand aspects of that study. 相似文献
6.
《Marine Policy》1999,23(2):161-175
Concern has existed for some time that the decline of the British shipping industry is resulting in the UK economy losing its maritime skills base. The effects of this loss could extend beyond the shipping industry because former seafarers are employed in other maritime related businesses besides shipping ashore. A study undertaken during 1995 and 1996 identified the economy’s requirement for people with seafaring experience in land based jobs and assessed the consequences of a shortfall in supply of seafarers to fill such jobs. This paper is mainly concerned with the supply aspects and policy implications of that study. 相似文献
7.
The EU is the leading maritime power with approximately 3 million people in total working in its thriving maritime industries. It is the aim of the present paper to examine the status of the EU-registered and -controlled fleet, provide an overview of contemporary forces in the shipping business, which affect employment of EU seafarers, and discuss principal EU initiatives in support of the competitiveness of the EU shipping and employment opportunities for EU nationals in it. Among the issues under consideration will be the role and effect of third party flags, cost considerations, the maritime cluster effect, and regulatory burdens. 相似文献
8.
为解决无人船适用海商法存在的问题,促进我国无人船海上运输产业的健康可持续发展,文章从法理的角度阐释国际海事委员会无人船调查问卷中无人船的法律地位、船长和船员的认定以及无人船的碰撞责任,提出无人船适用海商法存在不确定性风险;在海商法领域,无人船的法律地位认定、船长和船员的识别以及船舶碰撞责任的适用仍存在问题,解决上述问题的有效路径是明确无人船的法律地位、将岸基控制人员识别为船员、采用过错责任原则认定无人船的碰撞责任以及合理分配船东与生产者之间的碰撞责任,以合理规避无人船的风险。 相似文献
9.
《Marine Policy》2017
In the maritime sector, seafaring has been predominantly a male industry. The industry had developed its own culture which denied or precluded women's participation. This paper draws on the data and analysis of the Gender, Empowerment and Multi-cultural Crew (GEM) Project, an international study aiming to examine seafarers’ welfare, focusing on gender issues arising from a multi-cultural crew environment in three countries: China, Nigeria and the UK. The main research findings, which relate to China, are reported under the headings of motivation, training, employment opportunities and barriers, and career prospects for women. The paper concludes with a discussion on an important new state policy concerning gender equality in university recruitment and with recommendations to move things forward. 相似文献
10.
《Marine Policy》2005,29(4):323-330
In the context of the complexity of the global labour market for seafarers, crew study of seafarers (CSS) provides a means to access, analyse and compare information on active seafarers world-wide. This paper outlines the methodological parameters of CSS. It is argued that CSS provides a distinctive methodology enabling the exploration and specification of key characteristics of this labour market, for example: the distribution of world seafarers by nationality; the recruitment preferences of ship owners or managers; the organisation of multinational crewing patterns and the dynamics and constraints behind seafarer movement between foreign and national fleets. The principles and applications of CSS are illustrated by the case of Chinese seafarers, utilising a combination of a crew list analysis and an onboard survey in the port of Hong Kong. 相似文献
11.
遍布全球的赤潮问题近几十年来在我国海域愈演愈烈,成为我国海域最突出的生态灾害之一,严重威胁人类健康、生态安全和社会经济发展。随着研究的深入,我国海域越来越多的赤潮物种及隐存种得到鉴定,分类地位也经过不断修订,但是这些信息零散,不利于研究者系统认识和跟踪研究我国海洋赤潮物种。为此,文章整理了国内外赤潮物种研究资料,并参照联合国教科文组织全球有害藻华物种分类参考名单(2021年版,仅包括有毒赤潮物种)内容,完成了赤潮物种统计,共收录了341个赤潮物种,既包括有毒赤潮物种,也包括无毒赤潮物种。在这341个赤潮物种中,大部分(215种)在中国海域也得到鉴定,其中76个物种在所有主要海域都得到鉴定。近年来,基于通用分子标记(比如18S rDNA序列)的宏条形码分析被广泛应用于针对赤潮物种的鉴定和研究,成为研究赤潮物种组成及其时空动态变化的重要手段。然而,这341个赤潮物种中近30%的物种其18SrDNA序列尚未得到解析,严重限制了宏条形码方法的充分应用,是推行宏条形码分析中的重要瓶颈。全面构建赤潮物种分子标记可以促进宏条形码分析方法作为新一代海域生态调查分析技术,更好地将其应用于解析我国海域赤潮... 相似文献
12.
Taiwanese fishing boats have been hijacked many times this year. Trouble at sea can usually be attributed to communication problems, inappropriate management and an unfair salary system. The majority of boats hijacked are high sea (long-line) fishing boats. Although fishery authorities ask the fishing boats to set up vessel monitoring systems (VMSs), this precaution has not been sufficient. There is a further need for improved management by the fishing boat owner and for an improved employment policy for seamen. The issue of maritime security is not new, but it remains a major concern and continues to be a threat to Taiwan and other countries. To date, there have been many cases of hijacking in the South China Sea. This paper analyzes the reasons for the hijackings and provides potential strategies to prevent future incidents. 相似文献
13.
Although Britain may no longer “rule the waves” in terms of national fleet presence, London still maintains its supremacy as the world's leading maritime centre. However, with the decline of the fleet there has been an inevitable decline in the maritime skills-base and a loss of shipping expertise. The authors review half a century of government maritime policy measures and of recurrent challenges confronted with varying degrees of success, and identify the current period as critical for the future of London as a maritime centre and as a crossroads in British maritime policy. 相似文献
14.
Mohamad Rosni OthmanAuthor Vitae George James BruceAuthor Vitae Saharuddin Abdul HamidAuthor Vitae 《Ocean & Coastal Management》2011,54(8):557-568
A comprehensive maritime industry policy that can be adequately monitored to achieve a competitive advantage is important. The Malaysian maritime industry comprises multifaceted sectors that are governed by fragmented governmental agencies. In this research, we investigated the Malaysian maritime industry cluster comprising three main sectors: Shipping, Ship Industry, Ports and Terminals. The Strength Indicator Model has been developed to reveals the maritime industry cluster. We find that the Competitions, Locations, Connections, Government and Chances factors affect the capability of the Malaysian maritime industry cluster. The result of this study will give a framework for Regulatory bodies and the various stakeholders to support the Malaysia maritime industry progressing toward a more competitive and sustainable development of the industry with the aim to become the developed maritime nation. 相似文献
15.
随着全球经济的快速发展,海上运输由于其运力大、运费低而变得更具实用性。然而,这也意味着在海上航道行驶的船只正变得越来越多,这将导致在复杂的海洋环境中航海船只发生事故的可能性会很高。据相关历史的统计,在海域中航行缺乏高精度导航数据会导致大量事故,这种累积的事故信息可以被用来提高航海的安全性。本文通过将蕴含在AIS (Automatic Identification System) 大数据中的经验导航信息挖掘出来,以辅助实现复杂海事环境下安全可靠的船舶路径的生成。本文提出了一种基于大数据自动生成船舶路径的新方法。该方法首先在大量船舶轨迹上通过DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) 聚类形成不同的轨迹矢量簇。然后,迭代计算轨迹矢量簇的中心线,并从这些中心线之间的节点-弧段拓扑关系来构建航道网络。最后,基于航道网络来实现船舶路径的生成,对于航道网络未覆盖的海域,则通过海洋环境风险栅格的路径规划来实现船舶路径的生成。不同海域不同AIS数据集进行的多次实验结果表明,本文提出的船舶路径生成方法是有效性。 相似文献
16.
阅读足够的文献，恰当的估计文稿的水平，选择专业和档次对口的杂志，论文中明确自己的资料和观点，尤其是与别人不同的观点，力争使高质量的论文刊登在重要杂志上。 相似文献
17.
This paper considers the evidence that exists on the global demand and supply of seafarers, and their age profiles. New information on the age profiles of deck and engine officers is presented, drawn from records held by the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency. Detailed age profiles for certain countries are constructed and compared with that of the UK, as well as with estimates published elsewhere. Using the data derived from the MCA, it is shown that there is a significant positive correlation between the age profiles of seafarer supplying countries and their level of economic development, as measured by GDP per capita. This evidence is consistent with the view that the future supply of seafaring officers will increasingly be oriented towards countries at lower levels of development, as the existing pool of highly qualified officers from traditional maritime countries continues to diminish. 相似文献
18.
《Marine Policy》2015
This article discusses the geopolitical dimension of maritime security, which has been neglected by scholars despite the growing number of studies devoted to a variety of aspects related to maritime security. The first step consists in clarifying the definitions of the two concepts; ‘geopolitics’ and ‘maritime security’. Then the article introduces the geopolitical dimension of maritime security from a conceptual perspective, and then analyses three practical examples of maritime security geo-strategies released in 2014. The results demonstrate that states’ and international institutions’ maritime security objectives and interests are indirectly and directly influenced by geographical and geopolitical considerations, although this link is only tacitly acknowledged in official documents. Scholars and practitioners interested in maritime security are encouraged to further engage with this dimension. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Policy》2015
Despite the importance of the socio-economic dimension of the use of marine waters, there has been little research in the field until recently, when interest has grown in the concept of ‘blue growth'. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap with a socio-economic assessment of the main maritime sectors, focused on the Spanish part of the European Atlantic Arc. To this end, it first proposes a theoretical structure for the maritime economy and then collects and classifies comparable and reliable maritime socio-economic indicators. The data obtained allows us to assess the size of the Spanish maritime sector and the position of the Spanish Maritime Cluster in the wider context of the maritime economy of the European Atlantic, as well as discuss the appropriateness of a strategy of forming clusters at the national level vs. a transnational approach. The results indicate differences between regions in the European Atlantic Arc that complicate the development of integrated policies to stimulate blue growth. Extending our knowledge of the maritime economy of the European Atlantic Arc will make it possible to design strategies that address the real issues, increasing the likelihood of these being effective. 相似文献
20.
《Marine Policy》2002,26(2):133-141
This paper is a contribution to the strategic question: How can the continuity of the current education infrastructure for the maritime industry be secured? The analysis in the paper is based on concepts from institutional economics, in particular governance of institutional structures. The analysis is applied to the Netherlands. The Dutch maritime sector is described in terms of the institutions that are related to knowledge and education. This analysis shows that these institutions, most of which take the form of explicit organisations, are all very rigid and leave little room for change and renewal. Furthermore, the social and legal structure embedded in the institutional structure strengthens, rather than thwarts, the institutional inertia. The theory on governance and organising capacity offers some short-term solutions. Long-term solutions only emerge if changes are made in the institutional structure of the knowledge infrastructure. As policy priorities, one could select the development of a research agenda for the sector, with wider possibility to fund non-technical maritime research, improvements in information concerning supply and demand of maritime training courses, and maintaining and extending teaching activities as much as possible. The ultimate goal should be to create greater knowledge awareness in the whole maritime sector, where this currently exists only in parts of that sector. 相似文献