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1.
在前文［１］的基础上，进一步研究当海表温度存在经圈方向不均匀分布或偏离气候状态（距平）时，改变水分收支平衡及边界层的湿度辐合这一物理过程对Ｍａｄｄｅｎ－Ｊｕｌｉａｎ振荡的可能影响。结果表明，它对修正的Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的传播性质影响不大。但当海表温度为正距平时，修正后东传Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波振幅不稳定增长到ｅ倍的时间约减小了１４．５％，其不稳定增长率随着热源特征宽度的增加而增加，当特征宽度为２倍Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ变形半径时，不稳定增长率达极大，但当特征宽度继续增大时，其不稳定增长率又将减小。当海表温度为负距平时，修正后东传Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波振幅不稳定增长到ｅ倍的时间约增加２０％，其不稳定增长率随着冷源特征宽度的增加而减小，当特征宽度为２倍Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ变形半径时，其不稳定增长率达极小，此后；随着特征宽度的增加其不稳定增长率随之增加，但始终小于无海表温度异常的情形。经圈尺度较小的那支修正的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波除波长极长的波段外，波仍是阻尼的；而经圈尺度较大的那支修正的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波，在短的波段内仍是不稳定增长的。 相似文献
2.
不稳定热带海气相互作用中快波的过滤 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ｐｈｉｌａｎｄｅｒ［１］明确指出在热带海气耦合系统中能够存在不稳定的海气相互作用。Ｐｈｉｌａｎｄｅｒ等［２］的数值计算表明，由于海气相互作用，不稳定扰动可以向东传播。Ｙａｍａｇａｔａ［３］和Ｈｉｒｓｔ［４］从理论上也证明了海气之间存在着正反馈过程。巢纪平和张人禾［５］运用一个流场和压力场的高阶平衡近似，即在热带大气和海洋中只存在向西传播的赤道Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波时，得出了两种介质中向西传播的赤道Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波通过海气相互作用过程，可以产生向西传的不稳定波。并且在一定条件下，还可出现一类不属于Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波的向东传的不稳定波，这些结果对解释ＥＮＳＯ事件的传播过程是值得参考的。 相似文献
3.
文中讨论了陆架波系和赤道波系在动力学上的相似性，和赤道波系一样，陆架波系也由惯性重力波、Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波、Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ（长、短）波和有条件的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ－重力混合波组成。指出，当 海洋三边存在陆架而一边为赤道时（如北太平洋），则陆架波系和赤道波系中的Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波， 将以逆时针方向携带信号绕海盆一周，而两个波系中的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ长波，将以顺时针方向绕海盆一周，即通过陆架波和赤道波为海洋中某些信号的传播组织成一个绕海盆的环路。这种物理 过程可望用以解释发生在海洋中的某些长周期现象，如Ｅｌ Ｎｉ ｏ现象。文中进一步 讨论了陆架波的各种简化运动。 相似文献
4.
与季节内振荡-超级云团系统相关的赤道波的识别 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文中重点研究与热带季节内振荡－超级云团系统相关联的赤道波的识别。考虑到赤道波的本质为截获在赤道地区的一般的气候平衡场附近的线性动力过程的固有模态,首先从原理上阐明了ＰＯＰｓ分析技术对于分离各类赤道波动的有效性,以后利用这种分析方法对日本静止气象卫星所观测到的黑体红外辐射温度资料进行了ＰＯＰｓ分析。结果表明,在热带季节内振荡－超级云团系统中,对应于４０ｄ振荡的模态基本表现为Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波的结构;对应于１０ｄ左右的模态,亦为Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波,而在２ｄ尺度上,则分别存在经向模态序号ｎ＝１和ｎ＝２的西进和东进惯性重力波。分析中还发现了西进的混合Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ重力波的存在。 相似文献
5.
简单的热海气耦合波──Kelvin波和Rossby波的综合作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在本文中，考虑到对于研究ＥＮＳＯ事件中的某些现象，人们更感兴趣的是大尺度低频运动的物理性质。为此，本文中引进长波低频近似，这时纬圈运动基本上满足地转平衡。分析表明，对赤道偶对称运动，当经圈结构函数（抛物线柱函数）取ｎ＝０，２时，海气耦合系统中的自由波分别为大气和海洋中的Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波。它们经相互作用后，可以激发出不稳定的海气耦合波。根据海气相互作用强度（αγ）和ε（＝ｃｓ／ｃａ。ｃｓ，ｃａ分别为海洋和大气中的重力波波速）的大小，可以把不稳定区分成三个部分。在ε＜０．１６的强海气相互作用区，不稳定的耦合波，在短波波段是向东传播的，在长波波段则转为向西传播。在ε＞０．１６的弱海气相互作用区中，在长波波段的不稳定耦合波是向东传播的。另外，在ε＞０．１６的强相互作用区中，不稳定耦合波的物理性质较为特殊。在短波波段存在一支向东传播的不稳定波，但由于增长率太大，可以预测波将很快破碎而变成大尺度湍流运动。在长波波段虽然也存在一支频率很高的不稳定波，但其物理性质很难从自由模的比较中追踪出来。文中对由大气和海洋Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波经相互作用后的对赤道奇对称耦合波也作了讨论。 相似文献
6.
热带大气的CISK-Rossby波和30-50天振荡 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用斜压准地转滤波方法，通过引入一个反映ＣＩＳＫ机制的无量纲凝结潜热参数η（Ｚ），建立了描述热带大气的ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波模式，并求得了该模式的解析解。理论研究表明，考虑ＣＩＳＫ机制的ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波与经典的Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波有明显差别，它可较好地解释热带大气３０—５０ｄ振荡现象。 相似文献
7.
西文建立了一处简单的热带海气耦合模式，模式大气和海洋中含了Ｋｅｌｉｖｎ波和长Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波。在赤道β平面近似下，讨论了取耦合系统中最大径向模时，即大气和海洋中只存在Ｋｅｌｉｎ波时耦合波的性质。结果指出，向东传的耦合Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波可以出现不稳定性，并且由于海气相互作用，在长波部分可以产生向西传的耦合Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波。耦合Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波的性质与模式中所选用的参数有很大关系，当大气与海洋中自由波的频率相差 相似文献
8.
从热带大气波动的频率方程出发，详细分析了过去给出的低频Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的近似频率公式ω＝－βκ／［（２ｎ＋１）β／ｃ０＋κ＾２］，发现其对热带Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的性质有一定程度的歪曲。针对这一问题，经分析得到一个能更精确地表征热带Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波性质的近似频散公式ω＝－βκ／［（２ｎ＋１）β／ｃ０＋４ｎ（ｎ＋１）／（２ｎ＋１）＾２ｋ＾２］，还简要地比较了热带线性Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波和孤立Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波两者的频散 相似文献
9.
蒸发—风反馈机制的进一步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对蒸发－风反馈的作用进行了简单动力学研究。结果表明，蒸发－风反馈不能像波动－ＣＩＳＫ那样改变热带大气波动的性质，不可能单独成为激发热带大气内振荡的动力学机制。在积云对流加热的蒸发－风反馈的共同作用下，ＣＩＳＫ－Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波和ＣＩＳＫ－Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波可以不稳定发展，共同作用比单独和积云对流加热反馈作用能更全面合理地解释热带大气内振荡的活动。 相似文献
10.
应用含有非绝热因子的正压模式方程组,着重分析了对流凝结加热、蒸发－风反馈和ＣＩＳＫ机制等非绝热因子对低纬Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波和Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ波的影响。既获得了圆频率的表达式,又分析了波的周期与稳定性。结果表明：非绝热因子的存在不但扩大了绝热波的周期,而且改变了波的稳定性。因此,可以认为：所谓季节内振荡（３０—６０天的周期振荡）等低频振荡实际上是一类非绝热波,这类非绝热波是引起中长期天气变化及短期气候演变的重要因素。 相似文献
11.
In this paper,a tropical atmospheric model of relevance to shorts-term climate variations(Wang and Li 1993)is util-ized for study of the development of Madden-Julian oscillation.The model contains an interactive process ofboundary-layer Ekman convergence and precipitation heating.The model is solved by expanding dependent variables interms of parabolic cylindrical functions in the meridional direction and truncating three meridional modes n=0,2,4 forequatorial symmetric solutions.The free wave solutions obtained under long-wave approximation are induced as aKelvin wave and two Rossby waves.After considering the effect of boundary-layer dynamic process,the modifiedKelvin wave becomes unstable in long-wave bands with a typical growth rate on an order of 10~(-6) s~(-1)and an eastwardphase speed of 10 m s~(-1);the most unstable mode is wavenumber one.These theoretical results are consistent with the ob-served Madden-Julian oscillation in equatorial area.For the two modified Rossby waves,one with a smaller meridionalscale(n=4)decays except for extra long-waves;the other with a larger meridional scale(n=2)grows in short-wavebands.This may be relevant to explaining the westward propagation of super cloud clusters in the Madden-Julianoscillation.The theory suggests that the boundary-layer dynamic process is an important mechanism in the develop-ment of the Madden-Julian oscillation. 相似文献
12.
In this paper,a tropical atmospheric model of relevance to shorts-term climate variations(Wang and Li 1993) is utilized for study of the development of Madden-Julian oscillation.The model contains an interactive process of boundary-layer Ekman convergence and precipitation heating.The model is solved by expanding dependent variables in terms of parabolic cylindrical functions in the meridional direction and truncating three meridional modes n=0,2,4 for equatorial symmetric solutions.The free wave solutions obtained under long-wave approximation are induced as a Kelvin wave and two Rossby waves.After considering the effect of boundary-layer dynamic process,the modified Kelvin wave becomes unstable in long-wave bands with a typical growth rate on an order of 10-6 s-1and an eastward phase speed of 10 m s-1;the most unstable mode is wavenumber one.These theoretical results are consistent with the observed Madden-Julian oscillation in equatorial area.For the two modified Rossby waves,one with a smaller meridional scale(n=4) decays except for extra long-waves;the other with a larger meridional scale(n=2) grows in short-wave bands.This may be relevant to explaining the westward propagation of super cloud clusters in the Madden-Julian oscillation.The theory suggests that the boundary-layer dynamic process is an important mechanism in the development of the Madden-Julian oscillation. 相似文献
13.
Scale analyses for long wave, zonal ultralong wave (with zonal scale of disturbance L1~104 km and meridional scale L2~103 km) and meridional ultralong wave (L1~103 km, L2~104 km) are carried out and a set of approximate equations suitable for the study of these waves in a dry tropical atmosphere is obtained. Under the condition of sheared basic current, frequency analyses for the equations are carried out. It is found that Rossby waves and gravity waves may be separated for n ≥ l where n is the meridional wave number, whereas for n = 0 and L1~1000 km, the mixed Rossby-gravity wave will appear. Hence it is confirmed that the above results of scale analyses are correct. The consistency be-tween frequency analysis and scale analysis is established.The effect of shear of basic current on the equatorial waves is to change their frequencies and phase velocities and hence their group velocities. It increases the velocity of westward travelling Rossby waves and inertia-gravity and mixed waves, but decelerates the eastward inertia-gravity waves and the Kelvin wave. The recently observed low-frequency equatorial ocean wave may be interpreted as an eastward Kelvin wave in a basic current with shear. 相似文献
14.
大气季节内振荡对印度洋—西太平洋地区热带低压/气旋生成的影响 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24
文中利用EOF分析大气季节内振荡 (MJO)的时空变化的方法 ,研究了 1996年 9月～ 1997年 6月间的MJO活动对生成在印度洋—西太平洋海域的热带低压 /气旋的影响。结果发现 ,除西北太平洋之外 ,发生在其他区域的热带低压 /气旋有半数以上生成在向东移动的MJO的湿位相中。伴随MJO的向东传播 ,热带低压 /气旋平均生成位置也随之向东移动 ,而生成在西北太平洋的热带低压 /气旋分别受到向东和向西传播的MJO影响 相似文献
15.
The equations of barotropic model are used to discuss the effects of diabatic factors such as heat-ing of convective condensation, evaporation-wind feedback and CISK on the Rossby wave and the Kelvin wave. In low latitudes we have obtained the angular frequency and analyzed the period and stability of waves. The result shows the existence of the diabatic factors not only enlarges the period of adiabatic waves but also changes the stability of waves. Thus we think that the so-called intraseasonal oscillation and some other low-frequency oscillations are a kind of diabatic waves which are important factors producing the long-term weather changes and short-term climatic evolution. 相似文献
16.
Development and propagation of equatorial waves are investigated with the model which includes convection -wave convergence feedback and convection-frictional convergence feedback. Two experiments with an initial Kelvin wave (Exp. K) and with an initial Rossby wave (Exp. R) are carried out. The equatorial waves in Exp. R grow much faster than those in Exp. K. The equatorial waves in both experiments follow zonal (eastward / westward) and meridional (poleward) propagation. The equatorial waves can be partitioned into two meridional modes using Parabolic Cylinder Function. An equa?tor mode denotes a wave component with a positive precipitation center at the equator and an off-equator mode rep?resents a wave component with positive precipitation centers off the equator. The equator mode dominates in Exp. K whereeas the off-equator mode dominates in Exp. R. The rapid wave growth in Exp. R is interpreted by analyzing the eddy available potential energy (EAPE) generation. Stronger off-equator mode in Exp. R obtains more EAPE through convection-frictional convergence feedback which results in more rapid wave growth. The relative vorticity tendency is determined by interactions between Earth’s vorticity and lower-troposphere convergence (divergence effect) and between the meridional gradient and lower-troposphere circulation (beta effect). The eastward and poleward propagation of equatorial waves is a result of the divergence effect, and the westward movement is caused by the beta effect. 相似文献