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1.
牛蹄塘组页岩矿物的成因类型及其地质指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以场发射扫描电镜为主要研究手段,在微米级-纳米级尺度上观测南方下古生界牛蹄塘组（包括相当层位）页岩的主要组成矿物。通过揭示矿物质与有机质的生长发育形貌特征,从而获得判断矿物成因的直观依据。研究结果表明,牛蹄塘组页岩矿物的成因类型有陆源碎屑成因、自生成因（包括蚀变成因、生物成因等）、后生成因、热液成因、表生成因等,其中以陆源碎屑和自生成因为主。不同成因的矿物具有不同的地质指示意义,对页岩储层物性也有不同的影响。生物成因石英（包括硅质）与有机质的交互共生关系指示页岩气勘探的甜点层位。 相似文献
2.
鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组砂岩中绿泥石矿物特征 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文对鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾区块上三叠统延长组长8油层组砂岩中绿泥石矿物的类型、赋存状态、形成时间、晶体化学特征及成因机制进行了较为系统的研究.结果表明研究区的绿泥石以铁镁绿泥石和铁斜绿泥石为主,包括陆源碎屑绿泥石、自生绿泥石和蚀变绿泥石3种,自生绿泥石又包括颗粒包膜、孔隙衬里和孔隙充填绿泥石3种,以孔隙衬里绿泥石为主,形成... 相似文献
3.
Occurrence of baddeleyite (ZrO2) which is a rare mineral has been recorded in ferromanganese
nodules of Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB). The mineral occurs either as independent isolated
sub-rounded to elliptical grains or in clusters forming fine subhedral crystals (<3 mm) within ferromanganese
concretionary growth bands. The mode of occurrence, textural features and chemistry of the
mineral suggest detrital and possibly an authigenic origin for baddeleyite. For authigenic origin it is
proposed that zirconium might have got released either from the terrigenous sediments or the altered
seafloor rocks forming halogen complexes and subsequently it has re-precipitated in the form of baddeleyite
within manganese nodules under oxic to sub-oxic conditions. 相似文献
4.
柴达木西部南翼山构造地表混积岩岩石学特征及沉积环境讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南翼山构造地表狮子沟组发育混积岩,作为一种特殊类型的沉积岩,其研究具有一定的实际意义和科学价值。本文在野外观察和镜下鉴定的基础上,对南翼山混积岩样品进行了X衍射、主微量元素及碳氧同位素测试,分析了混积岩的岩石学特征,考虑到其成分和成因的复杂性,通过数据分析排除了多种干扰因素,最后利用有效指标综合判断了其沉积环境。结果显示：南翼山构造地表混积岩中陆源碎屑平均含量为58.7%,碳酸盐矿物含量为31.0%,属于碳酸盐质陆源碎屑岩,主要为钙质泥岩,其中碎屑矿物以细粉砂级石英为主,碳酸盐矿物主要为泥晶方解石,黏土矿物组合为伊利石和有序伊蒙混层,且三者呈均匀混合的特征。数据分析表明Ca、Na、Mn、Sr、Ba等元素主要来源于自生矿物,稀土元素及碳氧同位素组成未受成岩作用影响,可以作为判断沉积时水体盐度和氧化还原条件的指标。根据Sr/Cu比值和K2 O/Al 2O3比值,结合黏土矿物组合及伊利石结晶度和化学指数,判断地表混积岩沉积时为寒冷干旱的气候条件;Sr/Ba比值和Z值表明古水体介质为咸水环境;U/Th比值、自生U含量和Ce轻微负异常等指标综合判定其形成于弱氧化环境。以上研究表明,南翼山构造地表混积岩主要为陆源碎屑和碳酸盐矿物均匀混合的钙质泥岩,形成于寒冷干旱气候条件下的弱氧化咸水湖泊环境中。 相似文献
5.
Recent caliche, including nodules, pisolites, crusts, internal sediment, speleothem deposits, and spherulites, has formed within the dolomitic Cretaceous Edwards Formation of central Texas. As weathering altered the host strata, rhombic crystals of calcite were precipitated concomitantly with dissolution of the dolomite, thereby forming nodules. The highly altered dolomite (i.e. pulverulite) was then removed and spar, internal sediment, and travertine accumulated in the internodular voids. Nodular masses of calcite and dolomite are the most prominent constituent of the caliche. Some of the nodules have a well developed concentric structure as well as other characteristics similar to hypersaline pisolites. Features which appear to be useful in distinguishing caliche from hypersaline pisolites are: regional geological setting, association with other caliche and palaeosoil deposits, types of fossils present, and the presence of rhombic calcite and/or bladed sparry calcite with triangular shaped cross-section. A brick-like calcite texture and relict aragonite rays characterize hypersaline pisolites. Incipient neomorphism of the nodules and pisolites has resulted in the development of a radial pattern of spar within these structures. Geopetal deposits of internal sediment, including terra rossa soil, inhibited spar growth in the upward direction; consequently, spar is much better developed on the undersides of pisolites. Crusts and travertine flowstone (speleothem) deposits are intimately associated with the nodular masses and internal sediment. The brecciated thin crusts and travertine flowstone are end products of the same processes. The crusts formed during times of periodic desiccation of the growing surface while the flowstone formed when water was relatively abundant. Spherulitic bodies within the caliche, commonly 1–2 mm in diameter, display a radial texture and yet are composed of single crystals of calcite. The structures are the product of neomorphosed Microcodium or Microcodium-like globular bodies. 相似文献
6.
以南方早古生代海相页岩和华北石炭-二叠纪陆相（包括海陆交互相）页岩为研究对象,以场发射扫描电镜微观观测和相关物化测试结果为基础资料,重点对页岩的矿物成因、显微组分、有机质孔隙、岩石力学性质等进行对比性研究。结果表明:海相页岩与陆相页岩有异有同;海相页岩的基本特征是自生矿物多于陆源碎屑,自生石英含量丰富且与有机质同源分异,交互共生,显微组分是以低等生物为原始质料的沥青质体,且纳米级孔隙发育较好;陆相页岩的基本特征是陆源碎屑和泥质为主,自生矿物含量少,显微组分主要是以高等植物为原始质料的各种有机碎屑体,有机质纳米孔隙不发育。这些基本特征导致海相页岩和陆相页岩的生烃潜力、储层物性、岩石可压裂性等均有明显差异,页岩气资源评价与勘探开发需要区别对待。 相似文献
7.
The composition of sand-silt and pelite fractions of deep-sea sediments deposited under different hydrodynamic conditions
was studied. Assemblages of clastic, clayey, biogenic, and authigenic minerals formed under the influence of surface and bottom
currents were traced. It is shown that biogenic opal, fine-dispersed celestobarite, and authigenic protosyngenetic ferromanganese
micronodules, which are composed of only manganese phases, represent indicators of cyclonic gyres characterized by enhanced
bioproductivity. Collophane (bone detritus), phillipsite, palagonite, and large celestobarite crystals prevail in mineral
assemblages below the anticyclonic gyres, whereas ore micronodules are depleted in manganese. Surface and bottom currents
control the distribution of clastic (terrigenous edaphogenic, terrestrial-volcanogenic) and clay minerals, as well as biogenic
opal in the form of Ethmodiscus frustules in sediments. Edaphogenic mineral assemblages represent the reliable indicators of bottom currents. 相似文献
8.
V. V. Krupskaya G. A. Kalmykov O. V. Khotylev M. Yu. Revva 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2006,41(3):222-229
Filtration-capacity properties of terrigenous reservoir rocks significantly depend on catagenetic transformations of clay minerals. Results of our research revealed the authigenic nature and formation stages of kaolinite and chlorite. The volume and shape of pore space define the morphology of clay particles. Depending on the pore volume, kaolinite crystallizes either as thick tabular aggregates or as fan-shaped intergrowths. The formation of authigenic clays in pores of terrigenous reservoirs decreases filtration-capacity properties of rocks with low permeability and, conversely, increases filtration-capacity properties of rocks with high primary permeability and large pore volume. 相似文献
9.
泥灰岩中自生方解石的稀土元素酸溶方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳酸盐岩稀土元素是沉积环境示踪的理想参数,但由于自生沉积碳酸盐矿物的稀土元素含量远低于陆源黏土等其他矿物,在样品处理过程中少量陆源黏土矿物的溶解,将影响沉积环境的示踪。因此,如何在样品处理过程中避免陆源黏土矿物中稀土元素的释放,从而获得海洋环境自生沉淀形成的碳酸盐矿物中的元素方法非常重要。本文应用地层中常见的同一泥灰岩样品,分别用5%醋酸、5%盐酸、2%和5%硝酸浸取,采用0.5 h、1 h、2 h、3 h、6 h和24 h的反应时间,用X射线衍射法（XRD）分析酸不溶残渣矿物组成、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定酸可溶相溶液的主元素和微量元素含量、电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定酸可溶相溶液的稀土元素含量,结果表明所有酸溶均可完全溶解泥灰岩中的方解石矿物,并有少量黏土发生溶解,导致稀土总量和Ce/Ce＊增高,但对Eu/Eu＊、LaN/YbN和Gd/Gd＊等参数没有影响。泥灰岩中自生方解石的稀土元素理想溶样条件是5%醋酸反应1 h以内,溶液的ICP-MS分析结果适用于示踪沉积环境的氧化还原条件。 相似文献
10.
Murdmaa I. O. Bogdanova O. Yu. Gorshkov A. I. Novikov G. V. Shevchenko V. P. 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2000,35(6):594-597
The mineralogy of suspended matter from surface and bottom waters is studied at two sites in the Barents Sea. Along with terrigenous minerals, the suspended matter samples contain authigenic mineral phases of iron and manganese oxyhydroxides. Mn-feroxyhite, Fe-vernadite, goethite, and proto-ferrihydrite were identified in samples from surface waters, whereas birnessite and nonferruginous vernadite were registered in samples from bottom waters. The formation of suspended manganese minerals in bottom waters is explained by an additional Mn supply from underlying reduced sediments during their early diagenesis and oxygen depletion in the near-bottom nepheloid layer. Bacteria are supposed to take part in the authigenic mineral formation. 相似文献
11.
中国石炭纪古风化壳相铝土矿古地理及有关问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国铝土矿床主要(98%)是古风化壳相铝土矿,其中石炭纪占80%,二叠纪占19%.早石炭世古风化壳相铝土矿主要分布在上扬子古陆及兰州-西宁古陆.晚石炭世古风化壳相铝土矿主要分布在华北古陆及塔里木古陆西缘,矿石中结构、构造如碎屑、砾石、砾块及豆鲕、结石、结核均具风化作用形成特征,矿石中无水体中自生矿物,无动物化石,所以是风化壳相铝土矿. 相似文献
12.
Xiao Xuqi Institute of Mineral Deposits Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Guo Shiqin China Ocean Mineral Researches Development Association 《《地质学报》英文版》1993,67(1):33-41
Manganese minerals in the polymetallic nodules from the Central Pacific Ocean were studied using electron microscopy. The principal Mn minerals, being vernadite and todorokite, exhibit different electron diffraction patterns and morphological features. According to its morphological feature, todorokite shows three phases: fibrous, lamellar and lath-shaped. Both vernadite and todorokite are authigenic minerals. While vernadite was mainly precipitated directly from the relevant solution by microbiological oxidation, todorokite was separated from the solution chemically without the help of microbe. Hence, these two minerals show a close genetic relation. 相似文献
13.
This paper summarizes the results of previous and recent studies of minerals in Lower Mesozoic terrigenous rocks of the Koltogor-Urengoy trough and adjacent structures of the northern margin of the West Siberian Plate. The study reveals stages and paragenetic sequences of detrital and authigenic mineral formation with implications for the stages of the geodynamic evolution of the basin: syn-rift, transitional to syneclise, syneclise, and tectonic inversion. The microscopic observations of the textural and structural relationships between detrital and authigenic minerals were used to explain the mechanisms of mineral formation and sources of material, as well as the means of their interformational, intraformational, and basin-wide redistribution under the influence of different thermodynamic and hydrodynamic factors as a function of the geodynamic setting. The problems considered here may be applicable in hydrocarbon-reservoir studies. 相似文献
14.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(6):468-477
A simple, reliable, and high-performance method has been proposed for direct determination of the isotopic composition of authigenic uranium in silica lacustrine sediments. The method is based on studying the kinetics of the selective extraction of authigenic uranium from sediments with weak solutions of ammonium hydrocarbonate followed by the ICP-MS analysis of the nuclides. To estimate the contamination of authigenic uranium by terrigenous one, the contents of 232Th and some other clastogenic elements in the extracts were measured simultaneously. The selectivity of extraction of authigenic uranium from the sediments treated with a 1% NH4HCO3 solution appeared to be no worse than 99%. The method was used to analyze the isotopic composition of authigenic uranium at several key horizons of a core dated before. The measurements directly prove that the 234U/238U values in Baikal water varied depending on climate, which contradicts the previous statements. The measured 234U/238U ratios in paleo-Baikal water match the values reconstructed from isotopic data for total uranium in the sediments on the supposition that the U/Th ratio is constant in the terrigenous part of the sediment. Direct experimental determination of total and authigenic nuclides in sediments enhances the potentiality of the method for absolute 234U-230Th dating of carbonate-barren lacustrine sediments, including those from Lake Baikal, within the intervals corresponding to the periods of glaciation, where the sediments contain a large fraction of terrigenous component. Given the fractions of terrigenous and authigenic uranium are accurately determined, we have an opportunity to study the variability of the sources of terrigenous matter and to refine the previous model for reconstructing the climate humidity in East Siberia. 相似文献
15.
Reverse Weathering in River-dominated Marginal Seas 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In estuarine regions and marginal seas, reverse weathering refers to the formation of authigenic aluminosilicate and carbonate minerals promoted by large inputs of terrestrial weathering products and intense remineralization of Sedimentary Organic Carbon (SOC), which is opposite to land weathering process. Compared with the process in open ocean, the formation of authigenic aluminosilicate and carbonate minerals caused by reverse weathering in estuarine regions and marginal seas is rather rapid, playing an important role in the maintenance of ocean acidity and elements cycles. At present, there are two research methods regarding the reverse weathering process, i.e., direct observation and chemical detection. The first method is used to study the structure and chemical composition of authigenic minerals and the second is mainly used to do quantified studies of authigenic minerals. The reverse weathering is very important to the cycles of Si, C, major ions (F-, Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), and alkali metal cations (Fe, Mn and Al) in marine environments, which promotes the burial of these elements in marine sediments. Due to large inputs of weathering products rich in Fe, Mn and Al oxides, precipitation of labile OC and biogenic silica, intense remineralization process and suboxic/anoxic conditions, estuarine and marginal seas are suitable sites for reverse weathering studies. The reverse weathering studies in sub-tropical and temperate estuaries should be emphasized in the future. 相似文献
16.
Complex modern micro- and spectroscopic methods for study of siderite concretions in the Lower Carboniferous terrigenous strata on the Kozhym River (Subpolar Urals) have shown that its formation was caused by destruction of clay minerals due to the activity of bacterial communities. The abundance of these bacteria was caused by gas–fluid seeps and bacterial methanogenesis processes in bottom deposits. In basins with normal marine fauna, this led to local desalination, hydrogen sulfide contamination, mass collapse of primary organisms, and the development of element-specific bacteria. The occurrence of these bacteria caused the formation of specific authigenic mineralization in the concretion of sideritic bacteriolites: the framboidal pyrite, sphalerite, galenite, barite, sulfoselenides, and tellurides. 相似文献
17.
18.
O. V. Yapaskurt 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2014,69(4):229-235
Previous studies of postsedimentation and deep rock transformations (the diagenetic, catagenetic, and anchimetamorphic stages) by the author and other Russian lithologists are revised by evaluating the different types of zoning of authigenic mineral formation within terrigenous complexes of different ages in definite structural-tectonic units of continents and their margins. It was emphasized that an intrarock aqueous fluid phase played a dual role in authigenic mineral formation: (1) it served as a medium for internal redistribution of sedimentogenic components or (2) as a carrier of external material. Indicator features of its own newly formed (A 1) and allogenic (A 2) authigenic minerals are given. It was shown that the background subsidence lithogenesis (SL) of the sedimentary sequence provides the formation of A 1 varieties in the sequence, whereas the prevalence of A 2 marks the superimposed or secondary alterations (SAs) of sedimentary rock. A combination of SL and SA features is demonstrated for different structures: syneclises and anteclises of cratons, rifts, fore troughs, orogens, and others. The SL and SA formation is determined by definite numerous exogenic and endogenic factors, which are often obliterated but integrated by geodynamic settings and geological evolution of sedimentary complexes. According to this conclusion, a new typification scheme of post-sedimentation transformations was proposed on the paleogeodynamic basis. 相似文献
19.
某些矿物中同心层状鲕(豆)粒的自组织成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先综述了矿物中同心层状鲕(豆)粒的基本特征,接着提出该鲕状结构的二阶段成因模式(早期胶团从沉积物中的快速形成和晚期胶团在自催化反馈机制的作用下的有序化)。最后,用自组织(耗散结掏) 理论和动力学分析方法揭示出如下结论:①自催化反馈机理是胶团中杂质元素的催化结晶;②胶团在有序化过程中能形成时-空有序的自组织结构即鲕粒同心层;③胶团中凝胶浓度和杂质元素浓度在相空间内为一极限环,定态胶团失稳后将沿着极限环闭轨演化并最终形成同心层状矿物鲕粒。寻找有序结构和自反馈机制是研究自组织结构的有效方法 相似文献
20.
台地泥质组分沉积记录了源—汇过程和环境演化等沉积学领域信息,可作为古气候和古环境重建的重要载体。然而,利用沉积物中的泥质组分进行古气候和古环境恢复时仍存在相当大的复杂性和局限性。鉴于此,笔者以上寺剖面中二叠统茅口组为例,通过研究该层位富泥质组分灰岩—泥灰岩韵律的宏微观形貌学和矿物学特征,发现其泥质组分主要由成岩黏土矿物海泡石构成,其次为少量滑石和蒙脱石。基于前人认识,进一步运用电子探针和激光原位元素地球化学分析手段,综合认为海泡石中镁元素来源于继承海水的孔隙水以及亚稳定矿物的转化释放,硅元素可能来源于上扬子台地的同沉积期断裂热液。此外,滑石主要形成于海泡石埋藏过程中的成岩转化,蒙脱石可能也具有类似成因,但不排除有少量蒙脱石来源于火山物质的海底改造。结合区域资料,华南中二叠统浅水碳酸盐台地上广泛发育自生成因（早期成岩作用和埋藏成岩作用）泥质组分。因此,在利用泥质组分来恢复古环境的时候,需要谨慎识别其成因,这将有利于提高沉积旋回识别和环境解释的准确性;另一方面,对自生成因泥质组分进行专门研究,在成岩过程以及成岩地球化学信号识别上也具有参考价值。 相似文献