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1.
韩庆森  彭松柏  焦淑娟 《地球科学》2020,45(6):1986-1998
首次报道了扬子克拉通黄陵穹隆北部崆岭杂岩古元古代水月寺混杂岩带中发现特征性石榴石-蓝晶石-硬绿泥石组合低温-高压(LT-HP)榴辉岩相变泥质岩,其变质峰期矿物组合为石榴石+蓝晶石+硬绿泥石+多硅白云母+金红石+石英.相平衡模拟计算得到一条近等温减压的顺时针型变质P-T轨迹,其峰期变质条件为571~576℃,19.2~21.8 kbar.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究获得变泥质岩中碎屑锆石核部年龄集中于2.1~2.2 Ga,变质增生边年龄为1 991±20 Ma.Grt-Ky-Cld组合榴辉岩相变泥质岩原岩形成构造环境和变质峰期条件指示,其形成于较低地温梯度(dT/dP≈300℃/GPa)下的活动大陆边缘冷俯冲构造环境,进一步表明至少从古元古代开始具有“冷俯冲”构造特征的现代板块构造体制已经启动.   相似文献   

2.
安徽省宿松变质杂岩岩石学特征和锆石U-Pb年龄研究   总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2  
石永红  王次松  康涛  徐旭峰  林伟 《岩石学报》2012,28(10):3389-3402
宿松变质杂岩的变质程度和变质年龄一致为人们所关注,且争论较多.为此,本次研究选择了宿松变质杂岩中3个石榴云母片岩进行了细致的分析.岩相学分析显示,该杂岩至少经历了3期变质事件,峰期变质矿物组合为石榴石+白云母+黑云母+斜长石+石英+帘石+金红石+方解石+磷灰石,没有任何超高压或蓝片岩相变质特征的印迹.温压评价表明,宿松变质杂岩峰期变质条件为T=460~540℃和P =0.85~1.10GPa,属于绿帘角闪岩相变质范畴.对这3个岩石标本的锆石U-Pb测年研究则表明,宿松变质杂岩具有4组年龄,其中来自锆石核部的年龄有3组,年龄分别为2.38 ~2.56Ga、1.97 ~2.19Ga和0.78~0.9Ga,均为碎屑锆石年龄,反映了该杂岩的物源的构成复杂性.来自锆石边部的年龄范围为248~255Ma,其Th/U比值为0.01~0.05,均<0.1,CL图显示边部锆石为片状和云雾状,为典型的变质增生锆石.根据矿物包裹体的拉曼光谱和岩相学分析,这些变质增生锆石为峰期变质阶段形成的,其加权平均年龄251±4Ma应为宿松变质杂岩的峰期变质时间.结合前人岩石学、年代学和构造背景的分析,宿松变质杂岩的北界应位于柳林-麻石沟-山龙一线.  相似文献   

3.
云南三江地区昌宁-孟连杂岩带中的澜沧岩群内出露多种类型变沉积岩,主要包括含十字蓝晶石榴云母片岩、石榴云母片岩、硬绿泥石白云母片岩和绿泥蓝闪钠长片岩等。系统的岩相学观察、矿物化学和相平衡模拟研究结果表明,不同类型的变沉积岩保存了不同的变质演化历史。含十字蓝晶石榴云母片岩记录了自中温榴辉岩相降温降压至角闪岩相的退变质过程,峰期矿物组合为石榴子石+蓝晶石+多硅白云母+硬玉,变质温压条件为600~750℃和19~30kbar。通过石榴子石的X_(Prp)和X_(Grs),和多硅白云母的Si值限定石榴云母片岩的峰期矿物组合包括石榴子石+多硅白云母+绿辉石+硬柱石+钠云母,峰期温压条件为430~475℃和17~19.5kbar。硬绿泥石白云母片岩矿物组成包括硬绿泥石+多硅白云母+钠云母,然而峰期矿物组合则以多硅白云母+钠云母+纤柱石为特征,通过多硅白云母的Si值限定峰期温压条件约为300~330℃和17~19kbar。石榴云母片岩和硬绿泥石白云母片岩较为一致地记录了从峰期硬柱石蓝片岩相升温降压至绿帘石蓝片岩相的退变质过程。绿泥蓝闪钠长片岩主要通过变质反应和成因矿物学特征大致估算其温压条件约为430~520℃和9~11kbar。岩石地球化学性质研究结果表明,这些变沉积岩的平均化学成分与大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘和上地壳沉积物成分较为接近,其原岩主要为一套成熟度较差的泥砂质岩类和少量的中基性火山岩。该泥砂质原岩的沉积物源以中酸性岩浆岩为主,存在不同程度古老沉积物的加入。构造判别图解表明,研究区样品主要形成于大陆岛弧或活动大陆边缘的构造背景。变质作用特征和原岩地球化学属性综合分析表明,昌宁-孟连杂岩带内大面积分布的澜沧岩群均发生不同程度的俯冲-消减过程,表现出多样的变质演化P-T轨迹的特征,表明澜沧岩群经历了多期/多阶段复杂的构造演化历史。  相似文献   

4.
阿克苏附近所发现的元古界阿克苏群为一完整的蓝片岩-绿片岩系列,我们通过野外调查肯定了这一认识,并认为它是高压-温相的变质块体,长40km,宽约2.5km.该变质岩由强烈片理化的绿泥石-黑硬绿泥石石墨片岩、黑硬绿泥石-多硅白云母片岩、绿片岩、蓝片岩及少量石英岩、变铁质岩组成.原岩包活泥质岩、砂岩、基性玻屑凝灰岩、块状熔岩、枕状熔岩及少量深海沉积物.蓝片岩的矿物组合:青铝闪石-绿帘石-绿泥石-钠长石-石英-阳起石.阿克苏群为世界上真正的前震旦纪蓝片岩之一,其变质年龄至少有800Ma.  相似文献   

5.
华中陆壳高压变质带类白片岩的岩石矿物特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
华中陆壳高_压变质带以蓝片岩-榴辉岩-类白片岩三位一体为特征。类白片岩为一套富含高铝质矿物的岩石类型,分布在中元古界。主要岩石类型为刚玉蓝晶石岩、蓝晶石钠云母片岩,蓝晶石自云石英片岩和蓝晶石黄玉石英岩。变质矿物有蓝晶石、蓝刚玉、黄玉。钠云母、硬绿泥石和白云母等。类白片岩形成的温压条件为P=2000MPa,T=850—900℃,为高压条件下变质的泥质岩石。该类岩石与西德岩石学家Schreyer(1973)命名的典塑白片岩(蓝晶石+滑石)在矿物组合上略有不同,但其地质意义却很一致,都代表高压变质的泥质岩石,可作为地壳物质俯冲到地幔深度的指示剂,故称为类白片岩。  相似文献   

6.
桐柏造山带位于秦岭造山带和大别-苏鲁造山带之间,是揭示秦岭-桐柏-大别-苏鲁巨型造山带中各地质体之间构造关系及地质演化差异的关键地区。桐柏高压变质地体主要由两个高压岩片(I和II)及其北侧的构造混杂岩带和南侧的蓝片岩-绿片岩带构成。高压岩片I以北、南两条榴辉岩带为代表,构成桐柏山背形构造的两翼,其峰期变质条件分别为530~610℃、1.7~2.0GPa和460~560℃、1.3~1.9GPa。高压岩片II以桐柏杂岩中的变质岩包体为代表,其峰期变质条件推测在<700℃、>1.2GPa的榴辉岩相范围内,而退变质条件为660~700℃、0.80~1.03GPa。U-Pb、Lu-Hf、Rb-Sr和Ar-Ar同位素年代学研究表明,高压岩片I的峰期变质时代为255Ma,冷却至白云母封闭温度的时代为238Ma;而高压岩片II的主期变质作用发生在232~220Ma,作为桐柏杂岩主体的片麻状花岗岩则侵位于140Ma。这说明,高压岩片I和II分属于两个时代不同的俯冲/折返岩片,当高压岩片II被俯冲到地壳深处并经受高压变质时,其上覆的高压岩片I已经折返到中上地壳的水平。这一结果验证了在西大别、东大别和苏鲁地区提出的高压/超高压岩石的穿时(或差异)俯冲/折返模型,同时说明华南大陆地壳最早的俯冲发生在晚二叠世,这也代表华北与华南陆块之间从洋壳俯冲转化为陆壳俯冲的时间。基于桐柏杂岩与北大别杂岩的可比性,认为桐柏高压变质地体相对低温低压的变质环境以及超高压岩石的缺乏缘于华南陆块的俯冲深度向西逐渐变浅,而早白垩世的构造挤出造成了桐柏-大别高压/超高压变质带东宽西窄的构造格局。  相似文献   

7.
中条山和吕梁山前寒武纪变质杂岩是华北克拉通中部带南段的重要组成部分,它们的变质作用及其相关的花岗质岩浆作用是我们全面认识华北克拉通中部带的性质与演化的关键,具有重要的科学意义。中条山前寒武纪变质杂岩两个样品的独居石电子探针Th-U-Pb化学法定年表明,永济和横岭关岩体变质二长花岗质岩石记录了两个主要峰年龄范围,分别为1884.7~1849.9Ma和1743.5~1738.8Ma;前者为变质年龄,后者为流体活化的年龄。吕梁山五个样品的独居石电子探针Th-U-Pb化学法定年表明,石榴石二云母片岩和花岗质片麻岩的记录了>1902Ma、1883.3~1865.6Ma和1731.3Ma。>1902Ma年龄代表早期岩浆和深熔事件,1883.3~1865.6Ma代表峰期变质事件,1731.3Ma代表晚期流体活动事件。石榴石花岗岩记录了1882.8~1850.9Ma深熔岩浆事件。未变质花岗岩脉记录的1742.6Ma和石榴石二云母片岩记录的1731.1Ma为晚期岩浆-流体活动事件。综合上述独居石电子探针定年的结果,不难看出中条山—吕梁山前寒武纪变质杂岩主期变质作用发生在1885~1849Ma,并伴生有同期的S-型花岗质岩浆活动,与恒山—五台山—阜平杂岩的变质变形作用同时发生,进一步证明华北克拉通中部带的拼合作用发生在古元古代晚期。  相似文献   

8.
在柴北缘超高压变质带东段,新识别出一个高压麻粒岩单元,其主要的岩石组合包括基性(长英质)高压麻粒岩、花岗质片麻岩、富铝质片麻岩(片岩)、石榴角闪岩和英云闪长岩。岩相学和变质反应序列、矿物化学和温压估算结果表明,蓝晶-石榴-黑云-二长片麻岩共经历了4阶段的变质演化:Ⅰ早期进变质阶段,以石榴石核部发育的黑云母、白云母、斜长石和石英等矿物包裹体为特征;Ⅱ峰期高压麻粒岩相阶段,矿物组合为石榴石+蓝晶石+条纹长石+斜长石+石英,金红石Zr温度计和GASP压力计限定其峰期温压条件为:t=800~840℃和p=1.4~1.6GPa;Ⅲ高角闪岩相退变质阶段,矿物组合为石榴石(边部)+黑云母+长石+石英;Ⅳ晚期低角闪岩相-绿片岩相退变质阶段,以蓝晶石周围出现的Ms+Pl±Zo和Mrg+Qtz±Ms±Pl后成合晶为特征。锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年结果指示高压麻粒岩相变质时代为431Ma。蓝晶-石榴-黑云-二长片麻岩具有顺时针的pt演化轨迹,与基性高压麻粒岩形成于相同的动力学过程。  相似文献   

9.
南秦岭造山带分布于商丹和勉略两条缝合线之间,其东段变质地层以志留系和泥盆系为主,包括少量的震旦系和上古生界。主要岩性包括变质泥质岩、石英岩、大理岩和少量的变质基性岩及片麻岩等。根据野外分布和显微组构特征发现这些岩石至少遭受了两期变质作用:早期为递增变质作用,它以佛坪地区的高角闪岩相—麻粒岩相为中心,向外依次变为低角闪岩相(十字石—蓝晶石带)、绿帘角闪岩相(石榴石带)和绿片岩相(绿泥石和黑云母带),变质时代约为220~260 Ma。麻粒岩相以出现二辉石为特征,包括基性和中酸世麻粒岩等,野外只见于佛坪县城附近。高角闪岩相在泥质岩石中的矿物组合为夕线石-石榴石-黑云母-斜长石-钾长石-石英,其变质条件为t=688~693℃,P=0.5~0.6 GPa;低角闪岩相在泥质岩石中的矿物组合为蓝晶石(十字石)-石榴石-黑云母-白云母-斜长石-石英,其变质条件为t=570~598℃,P-0.7~1.0 CPa;绿帘角闪岩相在泥质岩石中的矿物组合为石榴石-黑云母-白云母-斜长石-绿泥石-石英,变质条件为t=518~545℃,P=0.5~0.8GPa;绿片岩相的矿物组合为白云母-绿泥石-石英-斜长石-(黑云母),其变质压力为0.6~0.65 GPa,温度可能为400~450℃。采用Spear提出的吉布斯方法,以石榴石变斑晶的环带变化得到高角闪岩相、低角闪岩相  相似文献   

10.
特提斯喜马拉雅错那洞穹隆的岩石组合、构造特征与成因   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目前关于新近发现的错那洞穹隆的精细构造、岩石组成、变质变形运动学特征等方面均不清楚,严重阻碍了其演化历程的还原以及成穹与成矿耦合关系的解剖工作.在详实的野外地质调查基础上,补充采集了穹隆中新发现的岩浆岩进行年代学研究.结果表明,错那洞穹隆由上(边部)-中(幔部)-下(核部)3个构造层组成,分别以上、下拆离断层为分界线.核部岩石组合主要为片麻岩、淡色花岗岩以及少量深熔混合岩,可见大量伟晶岩脉穿插;幔部为古生界,岩石组合为一套强变质变形片岩夹碳酸盐岩,从内至外具有蓝晶石+十字石+石榴石+黑云母的蓝晶石带→十字石+石榴石+黑云母的十字石带→石榴石+堇青石+黑云母的石榴石带→绿泥石+黑云母的绿泥石带的巴罗式变质分带特征;边部主要为三叠纪-侏罗纪浅变质沉积岩系,岩石组合为一套砂板岩及少量千枚岩.穹隆内从早至晚经历了南北向逆冲推覆、南北向伸展、东西向伸展3期次的构造运动,穹隆的形成主要与南北向伸展作用有关.穹隆中岩浆活动从早至晚可见有早古生代片麻岩(约500 Ma)、中生代辉绿岩(140 Ma)、渐新世变形二云母花岗岩/伟晶岩(26 Ma)、中新世弱定向二云母花岗岩(18 Ma)、含石榴石电气石花岗岩(16.8~15.9 Ma)5期.综合研究表明,错那洞穹隆的形成是早期伸展拆离核杂岩叠加晚期岩浆底劈热穹隆综合作用的结果,成穹构造的初始阶段与始新世-渐新世藏南拆离系(STDS)的运动密切相关.   相似文献   

11.
Statistical evaluation of 3056 δ13C measurements in carbonate rocks and fossils shows that they record a 2‰ 13C depletion from the late Proterozoic to the early Paleozoic, a 2.5‰ enrichment to the Permian, and a 1.5‰ depletion to the Cenozoic. These variations, not controlled primarily by facies or alteration phenomena, correlate negatively with the δ34S sulfate secular trend, as confirmed by collation of 1083 δ34S measurements. The correlation suggests that the biologically mediated redox fluxes of the C and S cycles have been approximately balanced through this long span of geological time, generally levelling available oxygen. Such a redox system is consistent with the controlling mechanism proposed by Garrels and Perry (1974). Consequently, the sedimentary reservoirs of Corganic as well as Sbacteriological'have varied through geological time.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Auger electron spectroscopy has been used to study K-feldspar that has been reacted with both aqueous 10% HF and a 50% mixture of a 10% HF/0.1 N H2SO4 solution. In the feldspar/HF system, the resulting feldspar surface was shown to have been fluorinated; depth profiling, using argon ion sputtering, showed the fluorination to have occurred substantially into the mineral bulk. In the feldspar/ HFH2SO4 system, the resulting surface contained both fluorine and sulfur. The fluorination had again penetrated into the bulk, but the sulfur could be removed with mild argon ion sputtering. The AlF signal ratio was much lower on the feldspar surface treated with the 10% HF/0.1 N H2SO4 solution than the feldspar surface treated with the weaker 10% HF acid solution.  相似文献   

14.
Partial fluorination experiments developed on a 26 mg sample of Luna 16 fines show a big 18O enrichment in the first oxygen evolved similar to those observed by Epstein and Taylor on Apollo samples and probably related to the high solar wind content of this sample.  相似文献   

15.
The δC13 value for sedimentary organic carbon in four estuaries of the Gulf of Mexico increases with radial distance from the river mouth. Mass balance calculations indicate that terrestrial organic carbon is limited to sediments within a relatively short distance from the river mouth. This distance is a function of the discharge rate of the river. For the Mississippi River, terrestrial organic carbon is limited to sediments within 69 km of the mouth of Pass à Loutre and 61 km of South Pass. These data indicate that the low δC13 (< ?22%.) values reported for Pleistocene sediments in the Gulf of Mexico may be the result of factors in addition to the postulated large influx of terrestrial organic carbon.  相似文献   

16.
Sapphirine, coexisting with quartz, is an indicator mineral for ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism in aluminous rock compositions. Here a new activity‐composition model for sapphirine is combined with the internally consistent thermodynamic dataset used by THERMOCALC, for calculations primarily in K2O‐FeO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐H2O (KFMASH). A discrepancy between published experimentally derived FMAS grids and our calculations is understood with reference to H2O. Published FMAS grids effectively represent constant aH2O sections, thereby limiting their detailed use for the interpretation of mineral reaction textures in compositions with differing H2O. For the calculated KFMASH univariant reaction grid, sapphirine + quartz assemblages occur at P–T in excess of 6–7 kbar and 1005 °C. Sapphirine compositions and composition ranges are consistent with natural examples. However, as many univariant equilibria are typically not ‘seen’ by a specific bulk composition, the univariant reaction grid may reveal little about the detailed topology of multi‐variant equilibria, and therefore is of limited use for interpreting the P–T evolution of mineral assemblages and reaction sequences. Calculated pseudosections, which quantify bulk composition and multi‐variant equilibria, predict experimentally determined KFMASH mineral assemblages with consistent topology, and also indicate that sapphirine stabilizes at increasingly higher pressure and temperature as XMg increases. Although coexisting sapphirine and quartz can occur in relatively iron‐rich rocks if the bulk chemistry is sufficiently aluminous, the P–T window of stability shrinks with decreasing XMg. An array of mineral assemblages and mineral reaction sequences from natural sapphirine + quartz and other rocks from Enderby Land, Antarctica, are reproducible with calculated pseudosections. That consistent phase diagram calculations involving sapphirine can be performed allows for a more thorough assessment of the metamorphic evolution of high‐temperature granulite facies terranes than was previously possible. The establishment of a a‐x model for sapphirine provides the basis for expansion to larger, more geologically realistic chemical systems (e.g. involving Fe3+).  相似文献   

17.
Silica‐undersaturated, sapphirine‐bearing granulites occur in a large number of localities worldwide. Such rocks have historically been under‐utilized for estimating PT evolution histories because of limited experimental work, and a consequent poor understanding of the topology and PT location of silica‐undersaturated mineral equilibria. Here, a calculated PT projection for sapphirine‐bearing, silica‐undersaturated metapelitic rock compositions is constructed using THERMOCALC for the FeO‐MgO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 (FMAS) and KFMASH (+K2O + H2O) chemical systems, allowing quantitative analysis of silica‐undersaturated mineral assemblages. This study builds on that for KFMASH sapphirine + quartz equilibria [Kelsey et al. (2004) Journal of Metamorphic Geology, vol. 22, pp. 559–578]. FMAS equilibria are significantly displaced in PT space from silicate melt‐bearing KFMASH equilibria. The large number of univariant silica‐undersaturated KFMASH equilibria result in a PT projection that is topologically more complex than could be established on the basis of experiments and/or natural assemblages. Coexisting sapphirine and silicate melt (with or without corundum) occur down to c. 900 °C in KFMASH, some 100 °C lower than in silica‐saturated compositions, and from pressures of c.≤1 to ≥12 kbar. Mineral compositions and composition ranges for the calculated phases are consistent with natural examples. Bulk silica has a significant effect on the stability of sapphirine‐bearing assemblages at a given PT, resulting in a wide variety of possible granulite facies assemblages in silica‐undersaturated metapelites. Calculated pseudosections are able to reproduce many naturally occurring silica‐undersaturated assemblages, either within a single assemblage field or as the product of a PT trajectory crossing several fields. With an understanding of the importance of bulk composition on sapphirine stability and textural development, silica‐undersaturated assemblages may be utilized in a quantitative manner in the detailed metamorphic investigation of high‐grade terranes.  相似文献   

18.
Results of an 40Ar39ArAr age spectrum obtained on a sample of the Kirin chondrite (K-5-13) show a similar character to previous published analyses of Kirin samples K-1 and K-2. The K-5-13 age spectrum shows clear evidence of having been substantially outgassed during a presumed collisional event about 0.5 Ga, ago, in good agreement with the estimate obtained from K-2, The differing amounts of 40Ar loss registered by K-2 and K-5-13 during the 0.5 Ga event of about 60 and 50%, respectively, allows calculation of their vertical separation in the parent body at about 10cm.  相似文献   

19.
A modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used to calculate the solubility of CO2 in methane at various temperatures and pressures. From the solubility of CO2 in CH4 at the triple point and at final melting (Th < Tfm), and the molar volume of solid CO2, the volume of solid at the triple point, and the molar volume of the inclusion can be calculated using a mass balance. The pressure at the melting point is calculated from the equation of state.The algorithm predicts composition, molar volume, pressure at final melting and the isochor pressure (for a given temperature of trapping) for CO2-CH4 fluid inclusions for the case Th < Tfm, given Th, Tfm and experimental data on Ph and dco2 (solid) at Th.  相似文献   

20.
Eclogite facies metarodingites occur as deformed dykes in serpentinites of the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite (Western Alps). They formed during the subduction of the Tethys oceanic lithosphere in the Early Tertiary. The metarodingites developed as a consequence of serpentinization of the oceanic mantle. Three major types of metarodingites (R1, R2 & R3) can be distinguished on the basis of their mineralogical composition. All metarodingites contain vesuvianite, chlorite and hydrogrossular in high modal amounts. In addition they contain: R1 – diopside, tremolite, clinozoisite, calcite; R2 – hydroandradite, diopside, epidote, calcite; and R3 – hydroandradite. Both garnets contain a small but persistent amount of hydrogarnet component. The different metarodingites reflect different original dyke rocks in the mantle. In each group of metarodingite, textural relations suggest that reactions adjusted the assemblages along the P–T path travelled by the ophiolite during subduction and exhumation. Reactions and phase relations derived from local textures in metarodingite can be modelled in the eight‐component system: SiO2‐Al2O3‐Fe2O3‐FeO‐MgO‐CaO‐CO2‐H2O. This permits the analysis of redox reactions in the presence of andradite garnet and epidote in many of the rocks. Within this system, the phase relations in eclogite facies metarodingites have been explored in terms of TXCO2, T–μ(SiO2), μ(Cal)–μ(SiO2) and P–T sections. It was found that rodingite assemblages are characterized by low μ(SiO2) and low XCO2 conditions. The low SiO2 potential is externally imposed onto the rodingites by the large volume of antigorite‐forsterite serpentinites enclosing them. Moreover, μ(SiO2) decreases consistently from metarodingite R1 to R3. The low μ(SiO2) enforced by the serpentinites favours the formation of hydrogarnet and vesuvianite. Rodingite formation is commonly associated with hydrothermal alteration of oceanic lithosphere at the ocean floor, in particular to ocean floor serpentinization. Our analysis, however, suggests that the metarodingite assemblages may have formed at high‐pressure conditions in the subduction zone as a result of serpentinization of oceanic mantle by subduction zone fluids.  相似文献   

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