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1.
鼠尾藻对重金属锌、镉富集及排放作用的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
将鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)暴露在不同质量浓度锌和镉溶液里40 d,以及暴露20 d后,移入自然海水恢复20 d,分析了藻体内金属离子含量的变化。富集实验结果表明,鼠尾藻积累金属离子的量和暴露溶液金属质量浓度正相关、与暴露时间具有线性关系;暴露3 d,藻体的金属离子含量(除了暴露在Cd2+质量浓度为0.1 mg/L处理组)均显著增加;在Zn2+处理组,溶液里Zn2+质量浓度越大,线性关系越显著,而在Cd2+处理组,Cd2+质量浓度5.0 mg/L处理组藻体内Cd2+含量与暴露时间的线性关系则最低。排放试验结果表明,排放20 d后与排放0 d比较,藻体内的金属离子质量浓度均显著降低,但是均显著高于暴露前水平;在Zn2+溶液里,鼠尾藻暴露Zn2+质量浓度0.1 mg/L和Zn2+质量浓度5.0 mg/L 20 d后移入自然海水5 d后,藻体内的Zn2+含量与排放0 d相比显著降低,而在Cd2+溶液里,藻体排放5 d后,藻体内的Cd2+含量与排放0 d相比均显著降低。最终结果表明,鼠尾藻潜在地可作为一种指示生物,用于监测海洋环境重金属污染状况。同时,鼠尾藻对Zn2+和Cd2+具有较强的富集能力,可以利用鼠尾藻修复受重金属污染的海洋水体,尤其是锌的污染。 相似文献
2.
研究了热致死小球藻对微量Cr^3 的生物吸附富集和机理。结果表明，培养72h左右的热致死小球藻吸附富集Cr^3 的能力最强；当pH为4．5—5．0，藻浓度为1—2g／L时，死体藻对Cr^3 有较好的生物吸附作用；随着Cr^3 浓度增加，单位质量藻的Cr^3 吸附量呈上升趋势，但其Cr^3 吸附率却急剧下降。热致死小球藻对Cr^3 的吸附可以用Freundlich模型描述，拟合方程为：q＝5．3369C11/2.6295，R^2＝0．9974；在生物吸附的起始阶段，藻体对Cr^3 的吸附较快，40min左右时藻体达到最大吸附量。 相似文献
3.
利用光生物反应器培养雨生红球藻的研究初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用光生物反应器与光照培养箱两种培养容器培养雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis),对雨生红球藻在两种容器培养过程中细胞生长、pH值、溶解氧(DO)及虾青素积累情况进行比较,同时比较不同接种密度对光生物反应器培养效果的影响。实验表明,光生物反应器中藻细胞的调整期较短,接种1 d后即进入指数生长阶段,在胁迫阶段则仅需4 d即达到虾青素含量的峰值;将pH值控制在偏碱性条件下(7.75±0.10)有利于藻细胞更好生长;营养培养阶段DO相对饱和度上升至80%,而在胁迫阶段则迅速降低,最低值小于6%;较高的接种密度(2.3×104个/mL)具有较短的营养培养周期(7 d),且因接种密度变化对胁迫周期长短无明显影响(均为4 d),选用较高的接种密度可望降低工业生产成本。 相似文献
4.
采用室内培养实验方法,研究了褐藻海黍子(Sargassum muticum)和红藻脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)在不同质量浓度的锌和镉溶液里15 d,藻体的生长和体内金属离子含量的变化。结果表明:两种藻的生长速率与暴露溶液金属质量浓度呈负相关,藻体内积累金属离子的量和溶液的金属质量浓度呈正相关,藻体内金属离子的含量均在培养3 d后显著增加,且随着培养时间的延长而持续增加。海黍子和脆江蓠对重金属Zn~(2+)的富集能力明显高于对Cd~(2+)的富集能力,在相同条件下,海黍子对重金属Zn~(2+),Cd~(2+)的积累量明显高于脆江蓠。以上研究结果对利用藻类修复重金属污染的海洋水体能起到一定的指导和参考作用。 相似文献
5.
重金属镉对斜生栅藻光合作用的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)对重金属镉(Cd)的吸附情况及不同浓度的镉处理和恢复处理下斜生栅藻的光合活性。研究表明:斜生栅藻对镉有高达97%的吸附率,Cd2+对斜生栅藻的生长半抑制浓度(IC50-96h)为119.04μmol/L。浓度高于50μmol/L的Cd2+不仅会抑制叶绿素a的合成,还会明显抑制斜生栅藻的光合活性,并且这种抑制作用对于光系统Ⅱ更显著。添加新鲜培养基的处理方式,不仅不能恢复其光合活性,反而导致其实际光合量子产量和最大光合量子产量几乎为零。而浓度为1—10μmol/L的Cd2+对斜生栅藻的损伤并不大,尚能保持较高的光合活性。因此,我们初步认为斜生栅藻作为治理镉污染水体的吸附材料有着良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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7.
采用连续培养方法,研究三角褐指藻对汞(HgCl_2)的吸附富集作用。结果表明,藻体对汞有较大的富集能力,加入培养瓶中的汞被藻体富集率在95％以上,富集因子的变化范围在3×10~4—2×10~5之间。三角褐指藻的吸附符合Freundlich吸附公式,其动力学过程是一级反应。并讨论了胶州湾水体中浮游植物与汞含量间的关系。 相似文献
8.
本文研究了不同Cd2+浓度与不同温度交互作用对中国海洋大学微藻种质库(MACC)保存的小球藻(Chlorellasp.)、微绿球藻(Nannochloris oculata)和杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)的叶绿素荧光参数(PSII的最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm、PSII的实际光能转化效率Yield、光化学淬灭qP和非光化学淬灭NPQ)、叶绿素相对含量以及细胞密度的影响。结果表明,随着Cd2+浓度的升高,3株微藻的主要荧光参数、叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度均呈明显下降趋势。但微绿球藻的荧光参数Fv/Fm在对照组与10μmol/LCd2+浓度时基本一致,这可能与低浓度Cd2+在一定程度上刺激了微藻生长有关。相关性分析结果表明,3株微藻荧光参数Fv/Fm和Yield均与Cd2+浓度呈极显著的负相关,小球藻和微绿球藻的叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度与Cd2+浓度呈显著的负相关,杜氏盐藻的叶绿素相对含量和细胞密度在48h后与Cd2+浓度呈显著的负相关,随着Cd2+浓度的增加而降低。多重比较结果表明,小球藻在25℃时对Cd2+的耐受性最强,该温度下荧光参数(Fv/Fm和Yield)、细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量显著高于20℃与30℃处理组。与20℃和25℃相比,在30℃时微绿球藻对Cd2+更加敏感,各荧光参数值均较低,细胞密度和叶绿素相对含量明显下降。杜氏盐藻在25℃时对Cd2+的耐受性最强,15℃与35℃温度条件下,各参数均明显下降,表明不适合的温度会增加重金属Cd2+的胁迫作用。本文还初步探讨了叶绿素荧光技术在重金属与环境因子联合胁迫研究中的应用。 相似文献
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本文研究了改性粘土悬浮液中硫酸根对其去除藻华生物效率的影响,通过Zeta电位、沉降速率和粒径分布等分析了改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率,探讨了硫酸根与改性粘土的作用机制。结果显示:改性粘土对抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)的去除效率随悬浮液中硫酸根浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势,改性湖北土和改性江苏土对抑食金球藻去除率较低时(40%)的硫酸根浓度分别为6.46×10–3—2.42×10–1mol/L和6.46×10–3—2.42×10–2mol/L;改性粘土颗粒的Zeta电位随着硫酸根浓度的增加而降低,然后保持相对稳定;悬浮液中改性粘土颗粒的沉降速率和中值粒径D50呈现先增加后降低的趋势,对于改性江苏土,在硫酸根浓度为2.42×10–2mol/L时颗粒的沉降速率最大。综上所述,悬浮液中硫酸根主要通过降低粘土颗粒表面电荷密度、桥联改性粘土组分和影响粘土颗粒分散性等作用影响改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率。 相似文献
10.
污水污泥(MSS)中含有大量的氮磷营养盐,以其替代传统培养基作为微藻的营养来源,将显著降低微藻吸收固定CO2的成本,增强微藻在工业碳减排中的应用潜力。本研究以污水污泥提取液与海水的混合液作为纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)的生长介质,同时通入高浓度(5%～20%)CO2,在优化培养条件的基础上,将微藻接种到螺旋管式光生物反应器中进行动态试验,并逐日测定相应的藻生物量和固碳能力。结果表明,在污泥提取液和海水的混合体系中,纤细角毛藻的最适生长条件为:通入10%CO2气体,污泥提取液和海水按照1∶29比例混合,温度为30℃,光照强度为6 000lx。当保持10%CO2的通入速度为20mL·min-1时,生物反应器的适宜运行条件为:藻接种量1×106cells·mL-1,循环流量1 200mL·h-1。在上述优化条件下,最大藻生物量产率(0.36g·L-1·d-1)和最高固碳速率(0.67g·L-1·d-1)出现在循环培养第5d;此外,培养液中氮、磷营养盐的利用程度较高,NO3--N、NH4+-N、NO2--N、PO43--P的去除率分别达到96.9%、93.3%、78.0%和88.5%。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
14.
G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
16.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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