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1.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＧｒｏｗｔｈｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ (ＧＨ)ｉｓａｐｏｌｙｐｅｐｔｉｄｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｉｔｕｉｔａｒｙｇｌａｎｄａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｈｏｗｎｔｏｐｌａｙａｎｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｒｏｌｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｍａｔｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｖｅｒｔｅｂｒａｔｅ .Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗｅｒｅｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｔｈ ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇａｃｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｔｅｌｅｏｓｔＧＨｓｉｎｓａｌｍｏｎｉｄ… 相似文献
2.
A 240-day growth experiment in a re-circulating water system was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary menadione on the growth and antioxidant responses of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Triplicate groups of juvenile abalone (initial weight: 1.19 ± 0.01 g; shell length: 19.23 ± 0.01 mm) were fed to satiation with 3 semi-purified diets containing 0, 10, and 1 000 mg menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB)/kg, respectively. Results show that there were no significant differences in the rate of weight gain or in the daily increment in shell length of abalone among different treatments. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) in viscera were significantly decreased with dietary menadione. However, activities of these enzymes except for GPX in muscle were increased. Therefore, antioxidant responses of abalone were increased in muscle and decreased in viscera by dietary menadione. 相似文献
3.
A Gram negative bacterium Ar/W/b/75°25＇N/1 producing extracellular alkaline protease was isolated from surface water of latitude 75°25＇N, and longitude 162°25＇W in Chukchi sea, Arctic. The strain can grow at the temperature range from 7℃ to 30℃, and grow better at 30(℃. It can not grow at 40℃. Keeping certain salinity concentration in medium is necessary for cell growth. It grows well in medium containing salinity concentration from 0. 5 % to 10 % sodium chloride. Glucose, sucrose and soluble starch can be utilized by the strain, among which glucose is the optimal carbon source. Peptone is the optimal organic nitrogen source for cell growth and protease producing, and ammonium nitrate is the optimal inorganic nitrogen source.About 75.7% of total protease of the strain are extracellular enzyme. Optimal temperature for proteolytic activity is at 40℃. Protease of the strain keeps stable below 40℃, and shows high proteolytic activity within the pH range from 7 to 11. 相似文献
4.
Yurong Zou Qinghui Ai Kangsen Mai Wenbing Zhang Yanjiao Zhang Wei Xu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2012,11(2):227-235
A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the activities of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase and glutamicpyruvic transaminase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and total superoxide dismutase among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters. 相似文献
5.
LIU Hongyu ZHANG Xinjie TAN Beiping LIN Yingbo CHI Shuyan DONG Xiaohui and YANG Qihui 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):311-320
An 8 weeks feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary potassium on the growth and physiological acclimation of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in diluted seawater(salinity 4). Six semi-purified practical diets containing 0.59, 0.96, 1.26, 1.48, 1.74, and 2.17+ g potassium K per 100 g diet were formulated, respectively. The survival and feed conversion rate did not show significant difference among groups of shrimps given these diets(P0.05). The shrimps fed the diets containing 0.96-1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet gained the highest weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Their ammonium-N excretion rate as well as hemolymph concentration of Na+ and Cl- were significantly lower than those of the control(P0.05), but a reverse trend was observed for their gill Na+/K+-ATPase. Moreover, the shrimps fed with 1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet were the highest in hemolymph urea level, and the phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities were significantly higher than those of the control(P0.05). The growth and physiological response of the test shrimps suggested that diet containing 1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet improved the growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity seawater, and enhanced the physiological acclimation of the organism. 相似文献
6.
Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding regime was as follows: Diet 1: fish meat; Diet 2: fish meat+artificial feed; Diet 3: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam meat; Diet 4: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam+copepods. The greatest weight gain was associated with Diet 4, while the lowest weight gain was associated with Diet 1. No significant difference was observed in weight gain between fish receiving Diet 2 and Diet 3. Specific growth rate followed similar trends as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed Diet 1 was significantly higher than the other fish groups, but no significant differences were observed in FCRs of fish fed Diet 2, Diet 3 or Diet 4. There was also no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between the four diets. For fish that received Diets 2-4, containing artificial feed, higher protease activities were detected. A higher lipid content of the experimental diets also significantly increased lipase activities and body lipid content. No significant differences in amylase activity or body protein content were found between Diets 1-4. In conclusion, a variety of food components, including copepods and artificial feed, in the diet of silver pomfret significantly increased digestive enzyme activity and could improve growth performance. 相似文献
7.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of either individual or combined wheat bran(WB) replacement with Azolla pinnata supplemented with Digestin~(TM) in the diet of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii Postlarvae(PL) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, chemical body composition and survival(%). Experimental diets were a wheat bran-soybean based diet with no Azolla and Digestin~(TM)(control, T_1), and diets containing 17% Azolla supplemented with Digestin~(TM) 0%(T_2), 1%(T_3), 2%(T_4) and 3%(T 5). Each experimental diet was allocated into three tanks(6 m~3/tank) fed for 12 wks. Each tank was subdivided into three equal pens by nets(2 m~3) and stoked with 84 PL/m~2. The experimental diets were readily consumed by prawns PLs where both high growth and good feed efficiency were achieved for all diets. The results showed that the diets containing A. pinnata supplemented with Digestin? at the level up to 3% have the higher growth and better nutrient utilization than the control diet. No differences were observed for moisture and protein content among the experimental diets. However, the highest protein content was observed on prawns fed on diets T_1 and T 5 respectively, while the lowest value was recorded for T_4 diet. The results also show that prawn PLs fed the diets contain A. pinnata and supplemented with Digestin~(TM) recorded the highest values of body lipid content compared to the control diet. Feed efficiency and economic conversion rate(ECR) values show that economic performance and the cost-effectiveness of the A. pinnata supplemented with up to 3% Digestin~(TM) recorded the highest net return, and therefore it is recommended for prawn, M. rosenbergii PL's. These results are clearly indicating that A. pinnata have a good potential for use in prawn diets at reasonable levels than other conventional diets. 相似文献
8.
A 54-day feeding experiment was conducted on juvenile Nile tilapia using isonitrogenous, isocaloric semipurified diets. The
carbohydrate content in the diet was 9%, 32% and 50%; the corresponding lipid content was 22.2%, 12%, and 4%. The diets were
supplemented with 0.85% or 1.5% phosphorus and 40 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg zinc. The experiment was carried out in flow-through
aquaria using dechlorinated tap water at 23–26°C.
The experiment showed that the increase of the carbohydrate content in the diets resulted in a 43–249% increase in weight
gain, a 27–59% decrease in feed conversion ratio, and a 65–121% increase in protein efficiency ratio. In fish fed diets containing
36–50% carbohydrate, an increase in supplemented phosphorus to 1.5% greatly increased the weight gain. On the contrary, a
high content of supplemented zinc (100 mg/kg) inhibited growth and increased feed conversion ratio. 相似文献
9.
LUO Zhi） ）* LI Xiaodong） GONG Shiyuan） XI Wenqiu） LI Yali）） Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics Breeding Reproduction of Chinese Ministry of Education Fishery College Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan P. R. China ） Postdoctoral Research Base Panjin Guanghe Fishery Co. Ltd. Panjin P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(1)
The effect of dietary phosphorus on the growth and body components of juvenile Synechogobius hasta was determined. Different percentages of dietary phosphorus (0.63, 0.77, 0.93, 1.06, 1.22 and 1.36) were tested by feeding the fish (body weight, 15.81 g ± 0.32 g; 20 individuals each group; 3 groups each percentage) at a surplus of 5%–10% above satiation for 35 d. Dietary phosphorus did not significantly affect the specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency rate. Nitrogen ... 相似文献
10.
Different amounts of vitamin C were added to diets fed to juveniles(2.5 ± 0.15 g) of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonic u s(Selenka) in an attempt to reduce the stress response of specimens exposed to nitrite stress. A commercial feed was used as the control diet and three experimental diets were made by supplementing 1 000, 1 500, or 2 000 mg vitamin C/kg diet to control diet separately in a 45-day experiment. Sea cucumbers were exposed to three different levels(0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L) of nitrite stress for 4, 8, and 12 h at four time intervals(0, 15, 30, and 45 d). Growth of the animals was recorded during the experiment. Reactive oxygen species(ROS)(i.e. hydroxyl free radical(-OH), malondialdehyde(MDA) and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)) and antioxidant enzyme activities(i.e., superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT)) were measured. Response surface methodology(RSM) was used to analyze the effect of multiple factors on ROS indices and enzyme activities. Weight gain(WG) and special growth rate(SGR) of vitamin C supplementation groups were significantly higher than those of control group( P 0.05). The levels of-OH and MDA increased under exposure time extending and nitrite concentration increasing, whereas T-AOC level decreased. SOD and CAT activities increased at 4 h and 8 h and decreased at 12 h. During the days in which the animal consumed experimental diets, the levels of-OH and MDA decreased and that of T-AOC increased. This result suggests that diets containing vitamin C could reduce the nitrite stress response in the animals and increase their antioxidant capacity. The multifactor regression equation of growth performance, ROS indices, and duration of feeding results suggest that vitamin C supplementation of 1 400–2 000 mg/kg diet for 29–35 days could reduce effectively the effects of nitrite exposure. 相似文献
11.
Cottonseed meal (CM) was used at up to 36.95% content in the diet (replacing 60% of dietary fish meal protein) without any negative eff ects on growth performance of pre-adult grass carp (initial body weight, 761 g) under outdoor conditions. A culture trial was conducted in net cages installed in a large concrete pond. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing a gradient of CM concentrations (0, 12.2%, 24.4%, 36.6%, 48.8%, 54.8%, and 61.0%) as replacement for dietary fish meal protein (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, and 100%) were formulated. Dietary non-resistant starch (from maize) was inverse to dietary CM. Growth performance and feed utilization of fish fed the diets containing CM replacing 0–40% fishmeal protein were not aff ected after the 6-week feeding trial. Accumulation of hepatopancreatic total gossypol in the hepatopancreas was significantly correlated with free gossypol content in the diets (HTG=88.6+1.5×DFG, R 2=0.89, P<0.05). Intestinal α-amylase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activities rose along with increasing dietary CM level. The structure of the mid-intestinal tissues and the ultrastructure of the enterocyte microvilli were normal when dietary CM was <36.6% (60% protein replacement). Increasing dietary CM content increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels but decreased serum alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin (P<0.05). 相似文献
12.
脂肪水平对厚唇弱棘鯻生长及肠道脂肪酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以鱼油为脂肪源,配制成脂肪水平(质量分数,下同)分别为3.1%、5.8%、9.4%、11.9%和15.1%的5种等氮饲料,探讨饲料脂肪水平对初始体重为(4.05±0.11)g的厚唇弱棘鯻(Hephaestus fuliginosus)生长及肠道脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着饲料脂肪含量提高,实验用鱼脏体比、肥满度及肌肉粗蛋白含量也随着提高,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料脂肪水平从3.1%增加到9.4%,厚唇弱棘鯻的饲料效率呈升高趋势,相对增重率值由76.42%±5.88%升至102.09%±5.31%;而当饲料脂肪水平从9.4%提高至15.1%,饲料效率呈降低趋势(P<0.05),相对增重率值降为70.54%±2.06%。随着饲料脂肪水平提高,厚唇弱棘鯻肝体比、肌肉粗脂肪含量、肠道脂肪酶活性均呈上升趋势,且各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。表明本实验条件下饲料脂肪含量超过9.4%可导致厚唇弱棘鯻生长和饲料利用下降,对其形体特征、肌肉粗脂肪含量以及肠道脂肪酶活性均有显著影响。 相似文献
13.
The effect of dietary phosphorus on the growth and body components of juvenile Synechogobius hasta was determined. Different percentages of dietary phosphorus (0.63, 0.77, 0.93, 1.06, 1.22 and 1.36) were tested by feeding
the fish (body weight, 15.81 g ± 0.32 g; 20 individuals each group; 3 groups each percentage) at a surplus of 5%–10% above
satiation for 35 d. Dietary phosphorus did not significantly affect the specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion
ratio and protein efficiency rate. Nitrogen retention was found to be the highest in fish fed the diet containing 1.06% of
phosphorus; however, this was not significantly different from other diets. Fish fed the diet containing 0.93% of phosphorus
showed the highest phosphorus retention; similar phosphorus retention rates were found in fish fed the diets containing 0.77%
and 1.06% of phosphorus. Fish fed the diet containing the highest percentage of dietary phosphorus were found to contain the
least whole body lipid, lower than fish fed other diets (P<0.05). The protein content increased from 18.59% to 19.55% (although not significant) with the decrease of body lipid content
(P>0.05). The contents of the whole body ash, whole body phosphorus and vertebrae phosphorus increased with dietary phosphorus
percentage up to 1.06 (P<0.05), reaching a plateau after that. Dietary phosphorus did not significantly influence the muscle components (protein,
lipid and moisture). Condition factor and hepatosomatic index were the highest in fish fed the diet containing 0.63% of dietary
phosphorus; however, this was not significantly different from those of other diets. The second-order polynomial regression
of phosphorus retention against dietary phosphorus identified a breakpoint at 0.88% of dietary phosphorus. However, the dietary
requirement of phosphorus for maintaining maximum phosphorus storage determined by broken-line analysis of the contents of
whole body phosphorus, and ash and vertebrae phosphorus was 1.06% of the diet. 相似文献
14.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｍｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍｉｎｆａｒｍｅｄｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｃｏｍｅａｐｏｐｕｌａｒｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｐｕｂｌｉｃｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｏｎｔｈｅｉｍｐａｃｔｏｆｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｆｒｏｍｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋａｎｄａｑｕａｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｏｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ (Ｓｋｏｎｂｅｒｇｅｔａｌ.,1 997;ＥｙａａｎｄＬｏｖｅｌｌ,1 997) .Ｐｈｏｓｐｈ… 相似文献
15.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were encapsulated with alginate, gelatin and trehalose additives by the extrusion method and dried at 4 ℃. The microcapsules were generally spherical and had a wrinkled surface with a size of 1.7 mm ± 0.2 mm. Trehalose as a carbohydrate source in the culture medium could reduce acid production and performed no function in the positive proliferation of LAB. Using trehalose as a carbohydrate source and protective medium simultaneously had a benefit in the protection of LAB cells dur... 相似文献
16.
AVAILABILITY OF PHOSPHORUS FROM SELECTED INORGANIC PHOSPHATES TO JUVENILE ABALONE, HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAI INO 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The availability of phosphorus to juvenile abalone,Haliotis discus hannai from primary, secondary and tertiary calcium phosphate, primary sodium or potassium phosphate separately or in combination
was determined in a 120-day feeding trial. Seven semi-purified diets were formulated to contain relatively constant dietary
phosphorus, ranging from 0.78%–0.82%. The concentrations of dietary phosphorus were presumed to be slightly below the requirement
for abalone. A brown alga,Laminaria japonica, was used as a control diet. Abalone juveniles of silimar size (average weight 1.18 g; average shell length 18.74 mm) were
distributed in a single-pass, flow-through system using a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replicates
each treatment. The survival ranged from 71.1% to 81.1%, and was not significantly (P>0.05) related to dietary treatment.
However, the weight gain rate (41.72%–65.02%), daily increment in shell length (36.87–55.07 μm) and muscle RNA-DNA ratio (3.44–4.69)
were significantly (P<0.05) affected by dietary treatment. Soft body alkaline phosphatase activity (10.9–19.8 U/g wet tissue)
and carcass levels of lipid (7.71%–9.33%) and protein (46.68%–49.35%) were significantly (P<0.05) responsive to available
phosphorus of the diets. Dietary treatment had significant effect (P<0.05) on concentrations of phosphorus in the whole body
(WB) and soft body (SB). Apparent digestibility coefficients (45%–97%) of phosphorus were also significantly (P<0.05) different
between dietary treatments. The results indicated that among these inorganic compounds, primary calcium, potassium and sodium
phosphates separately or in combination could be utilized effectively by juvenile abalone as dietary phosphorus sources (availability
ranging from 87%–97%). However, secondary and tertiary calcium phosphates were found to be low in availability, the values
being 45% and 77%, repectively.
Project 39670572 supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). 相似文献
17.
Effects of Dietary Protein Level on Growth and Utilization of Protein and Energy by Juvenile Mangrove Red Snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus ) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
1Introduction The mangrove red snapper,Lutjanus argentimacu-latus(Forsskal,1775)is a carnivorous,warm-watereuryhaline fish that is considerably cultured in South-east Asia,Southern China and the Middle East(Le-ung et al.,1999;Estudillo et at.,2000;Ng et al.,2000;Catacutan et al.,2001).In Pakistan,it isknown for its good quality meat and also for its highconsumption rate.Although it fetches a premiumprice at local markets(Anonymous,2002),the in-creasing demand has generated interest towar… 相似文献
18.
Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei. 相似文献
19.
Yu Weiting Zhang Demeng Liu Xiudong Wang Yunhong Tong Jun Zhang Mengxue Ma Xiaojun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(3):855-862
To overcome the fast or burst release of hydrophilic drugs from hydrophilic alginate-based carriers, hydrophobic molecule(vinyl acetate, VAc) was grafted on alginate(Alg), which was further used to prepare drug carriers. Amphiphilic Alg-g-PVAc hydrogel beads were firstly prepared by emulsification/internal gelation technique for the loading of bovine serum albumin(BSA). Then, chitosan was coated on the surface of beads to form novel amphiphilic Alg-g-PVAc/chitosan(Alg-g-PVAc/CS) microcapsules.The BSA-loading amphiphilic Alg-g-PVAc/chitosan(Alg-g-PVAc/CS) microcapsules display similar morphology and size to the hydrophilic alginate/chitosan(AC) microcapsules. However, the drug loading and loading efficiency of BSA in Alg-g-PVAc/CS microcapsules are higher, and the release rate of BSA from Alg-g-PVAc/CS microcapsules is slower. The results demonstrate that the introduction of hydrophobic PVAc on alginate can effectively help retard the release of BSA, and the higher degree of substitution is,the slower the release rate is. In addition, the complex membrane can also be adjusted to delay the release of BSA. As a whole, amphiphilic sodium alginate-vinyl acetate/CS microparticles could be developed for macromolecular drug delivery. 相似文献
20.
ZHU Wei ) )* MAI Kangsen ) ZHANG Baigang ) WANG Fuzhen ) YU Yu )) College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Qingdao P..R.China) Liuhe Group Co. Ltd Qingdao P..R.China) National Renderers Association Inc of USA Hong Kong P..R.China) Laiyang Agriculture College Qingdao P..R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(2):157-160
1 Introduction Proteinisanimportantnutritionalingredientofaquaticfeed .Thehighproteinneedsoffish ,shrimpandmostotheraquaticanimalsissuppliedmainlybyfishmeal (WilliamsandBarlow ,1996 ) .Recently ,thefishmeal,asamainproteinsourceofaquaticfeedisshort suppliedintheinternationalmarketanditspriceisbecominghigherandhigher .Therefore ,itisnecessarytofindsubstitutesoffishmealasaproteinsourceofaquaticfeed . Someotheranimalby productmealssuchasmeatandbonemeal (MBM )andpoultryby productmeal(PBM )ha… 相似文献