共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 130 毫秒
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本文提出了一种全新的基于等效Q值的时域反Q滤波算法,其允许等效Q值在垂向上随时间连续变化,在空间上存在弱变化;将加权最小平方方法优化设计思想引入到时域反Q补偿短算子设计当中,给出最优时域短算子设计,将大量的频率域乘法工作转化为少量的时域褶积运算;采取表驱动方案,将短算子的构建与反Q补偿运算相剥离,极大地提升了计算效率;提出了一种新的稳定性控制方法,其既保证算法具有良好的稳定性,又满足短算子设计精度的要求.数值计算表明：时域反Q滤波算法可以取得与频域算法相同的补偿效果,并保证算法具备良好的稳定性和较高的计算效率. 相似文献
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黏弹性叠前时间偏移通过在偏移过程中补偿地球介质的吸收衰减,恢复被衰减的高频成分,进而获得较常规叠前时间偏移更高分辨率的偏移成像结果.相比于常规叠前时间偏移,该方法实现环节包含的频率域积分产生的巨大计算量,需要基于GPU加速实现才能满足工业应用对其计算效率的需求.本文针对黏弹性叠前时间偏移算法实现的这一特点,提出了修正其走时计算方法精度和应用分时段的频率域成像策略,在进一步提升计算效率的同时,改进了该方法对陡倾角构造和断层的成像效果.我们将改进的黏弹性叠前时间偏移方法应用于三维陆上地震资料,与现行的商业偏移软件对比表明,该方法不仅获得了更高分辨率的成像结果,也实现了对断层和陡倾角构造的清晰成像,而新方法的计算耗时也较改进前减少了三分之一以上. 相似文献
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本文基于拟微分算子理论和李代数积分法,根据程函方程和波场坐标变换,提出一种新的适于横向变速介质Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移的地震波走时算法.该算法与Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移所用李代数时间积分表达相比,差异在于增加了波数一次项,且二次项的系数在求积时亦需进行修正.针对单平方根算子象征、李代数积分、指数映射和走时多项式的求解而言,皆需对以往Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移中所用算法进行深化调整.文中数值算例对比了本文李代数积分表达与时间积分的区别,本算法计算结果与线性横向变速介质中的理论值相当吻合.通过走时多项式中各项对结果的影响分析,可知非对称项使计算精度得到了进一步提高.数值试验表明,本算法对横向变速介质中走时求取是可行的,且不需要存储海量走时表,有利于提高Kirchhof叠前深度偏移的精度和效率. 相似文献
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delta波包可由高斯波束经傅里叶逆变换得到,是高斯波束在时空域的表达.它最早出现在合成理论地震图的研究中,本文将其应用于偏移领域.通过delta波包叠加表达时间域格林函数,可将高斯波束偏移由频率域转换到时间域,再结合Rayleigh积分和激励时间成像条件,本文给出了基于delta波包叠加的深度偏移算法.该偏移算法可在时间域直接计算,但因包含褶积运算,成像时将耗费大量的计算时间.针对这一问题,本文提出了将褶积简化为乘积的近似公式.近似后的偏移算法,不仅保留了高斯波束偏移的优点,而且计算效率得到显著提升.文中通过两个数值算例验证了上述结论. 相似文献
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非稳态相移法叠前深度偏移 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
介绍一种能够适应介质速度横向变化的非稳态相移算子及其叠前深度偏移方法．为了克服常规相移偏移算法中要求速度横向不变的缺点,出现了基于非稳态滤波器理论的非稳态相移算子,即PSPI算子、NSPS算子和SNPS算子,其中SNPS算子是将前二者结合起来的一种对称的非稳态相移算子,它比前二者具有更高的精度和稳定性．为了提高运算速度,基于非稳态相移算子的叠前深度偏移算法采取了分片均匀近似的策略,Marmousi模型的叠前深度偏移结果证明了该算法的可行性和有效性。 相似文献
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油气勘探的重点正转向复杂地表条件和复杂地质条件的区域.双复杂条件下的叠前深度偏移是解决复杂地表条件和复杂地质构造成像的有效手段.基于“逐步累加”的“直接下延”法是解决复杂地表成像的有效手段,能够较好地消除地形起伏的影响.波动方程频率空间域有限差分(xwfd)叠前深度偏移对介质速度横向变化有较强的适应性,适宜于复杂构造的偏移成像,同其他常规波动方程深度偏移一样,常规的xwfd偏移方法,主要也是针对相位进行波场延拓,没有对振幅做任何处理.我们基于保幅单程波方程,推导出了基于xwfd的保幅波场延拓算子,针对xwfd求解时引入误差的影响,我们在xwfd保幅波场延拓过程中加入了误差补偿,实现了带误差补偿的xwfd保幅偏移.基于带误差补偿的xwfd保幅算子,应用适合起伏地表的直接下延法,对双复杂介质模型和实际资料进行了试算,改善了双复杂介质的成像效果.其中,误差补偿可以在若干个外推步长上进行,所以相对于保幅傅里叶有限差分(ffd)法偏移来说,该方法在改善成像质量的同时,也具有较高的运算效率. 相似文献
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最小二乘偏移可以消除非规则采集、带限子波等因素对偏移结果的不利影响,提高成像剖面的分辨率和照明度,但巨大的计算成本严重制约了该方法的应用前景.本文基于地震数据的局部平面波合成/分解策略,对传统Kirchhoff时间正演/偏移的计算过程进行改进,发展了一种快速的最小二乘Kirchhoff射线束叠前时间偏移方法.同需要逐道数据映射运算的常规最小二乘Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移相比,本文方法不但具备相当的成像精度和反演收敛速度,同时由于数据的正/反向映射运算只需在稀疏的射线束中心位置进行,因此计算效率得到了大幅度的提升.文中给出的模型和实际数据算例证明了本方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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Wavefield extrapolation and prestack depth migration in anelastic inhomogeneous media 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Wavefield depth extrapolation and prestack depth migration in complex anelastic media are studied. Kjartansson's frequency‐independent Q law is used to describe the absorption of seismic energy. The macromodel used is analogous to the macromodel used for current migration schemes except that an additional frequency‐independent Q macromodel needs to be provided. Absorption in the forward one‐way propagator is introduced by assuming a complex phase velocity, and the inverse one‐way propagator is obtained using the reciprocity theorem for one‐way wavefields in dissipative media. The stability of the inverse propagator is achieved by limiting the angle of propagation of wavefields. A table‐driven explicit operator scheme for imaging complex 2D anelastic media is presented. High‐accuracy, short convolution operators are designed by the weighted least‐squares method, and two kinds of imaging conditions are proposed. Numerical examples of depth extrapolation in laterally varying media, the migration of a spatial impulse with dispersion as well as shot record depth migration demonstrate the potential of the proposed explicit forward operator, the explicit inverse operator and the prestack depth migration scheme, respectively. 相似文献
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Depth migration of shot records in heterogeneous, transversely isotropic media using optimum explicit operators 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
A space–frequency domain 2D depth-migration scheme is generalized for imaging in the presence of anisotropy. The anisotropy model used is that of a transversely isotropic (TI) medium with a symmetry axis that can be either vertical or tilted. In the proposed scheme the anisotropy is described in terms of Thomsen parameters; however, the scheme can accommodate a wide range of anisotropy rather than only weak anisotropy. Short spatial convolution operators are used to extrapolate the wavefields recursively in the space–frequency domain for both qP- and qSV-waves. The weighted least-squares method for designing isotropic optimum operators is extended to asymmetric optimum explicit extrapolation operators in the presence of TI media with a tilted symmetry axis. Additionally, an efficient weighted quadratic-programming design method is developed. The short spatial length of the derived operators makes it possible for the proposed scheme to handle lateral inhomogeneities. The performance of the operators, designed by combining the weighted least-squares and weighted quadratic-programming methods, is demonstrated by migration impulse responses of qP and qSV propagation modes for the weak and strong TI models with both vertical and tilted symmetry axes. Finally, a table-driven shot-record depth-migration scheme is proposed, which is illustrated for finite-difference modelled shot records in TI media. 相似文献
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Jiangtao Hu Huazhong Wang Zhongyu Fang Tiancai Li Jiannan Zhang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1483-1497
Least‐squares reverse time migration provides better imaging result than conventional reverse time migration by reducing the migration artefacts, improving the resolution of the image and balancing the amplitudes of the reflectors. However, it is computationally intensive. To reduce its computational cost, we propose an efficient amplitude encoding least‐squares reverse time migration scheme in the time domain. Although the encoding scheme is effective in increasing the computational efficiency, it also introduces the well‐known crosstalk noise in the gradient that degrades the quality of the imaging result. We analyse the cause of the crosstalk noise using an encoding correlation matrix and then develop two numerical schemes to suppress the crosstalk noise during the inversion process. We test the proposed method with synthetic and field data. Numerical examples show that the proposed scheme can provide better imaging result than reverse time migration, and it also generates images comparable with those from common shot least‐squares reverse time migration but with less computational cost. 相似文献
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时间域常Q黏声波方程,由于含分数阶时间导数项,数值求解需要大量内存,计算效率低,不利于地震偏移的实施.通过一系列近似,可将该方程简化为介质频散效应和衰减效应解耦的分数阶拉普拉斯算子黏声波方程,数值求解内存需求少,计算效率高.本文采用交错网格有限差分逼近时间导数,改进的伪谱法计算空间导数,PML吸收边界去除边界反射,对该方程进行数值离散和地震正演模拟,开展地震数据的黏声介质逆时偏移,实现波场逆时延拓过程中同时完成频散校正和衰减补偿.改善深层构造的成像精度,数值结果表明,基于分数阶拉普拉斯算子解耦的黏声介质地震正演模拟与逆时偏移可大幅度提高地震模拟计算效率,偏移剖面明显优于常规声波偏移剖面,极大改善深层构造的成像品质. 相似文献
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Double-square-root one-way wave equation prestack tau migration in heterogeneous media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, source‐receiver migration based on the double‐square‐root one‐way wave equation is modified to operate in the two‐way vertical traveltime (τ) domain. This tau migration method includes reasonable treatment for media with lateral inhomogeneity. It is implemented by recursive wavefield extrapolation with a frequency‐wavenumber domain phase shift in a constant background medium, followed by a phase correction in the frequency‐space domain, which accommodates moderate lateral velocity variations. More advanced τ‐domain double‐square‐root wave propagators have been conceptually discussed in this paper for migration in media with stronger lateral velocity variations. To address the problems that the full 3D double‐square‐root equation prestack tau migration could meet in practical applications, we present a method for downward continuing common‐azimuth data, which is based on a stationary‐phase approximation of the full 3D migration operator in the theoretical frame of prestack tau migration of cross‐line constant offset data. Migrations of synthetic data sets show that our tau migration approach has good performance in strong contrast media. The real data example demonstrates that common‐azimuth prestack tau migration has improved the delineation of the geological structures and stratigraphic configurations in a complex fault area. Prestack tau migration has some inherent robust characteristics usually associated with prestack time migration. It follows a velocity‐independent anti‐aliasing criterion that generally leads to reduction of the computation cost for typical vertical velocity variations. Moreover, this τ‐domain source‐receiver migration method has features that could be of help to speed up the convergence of the velocity estimation. 相似文献
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为了处理横向强变速介质中的深度成像问题,本文提出一种基于共炮道集的优化系数的傍轴近似方程叠前深度偏移算子,并在基于反射系数估算的成像条件下,可实现叠前深度偏移成像.该算子具有方程阶数低且能对陡倾角成像的特征,并采用有限差分法波场延拓,能适应速度场的任意变化.当在频率-空间域进行计算时,相对于纯粹的时间-空间域有限差分算法有计算效率高、成像方便的优点.脉冲响应测试和对Marmousi模型进行的叠前深度偏移结果表明,该偏移方法在强横向变速情况下具有非常好的成像效果. 相似文献
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Reverse-time migration (RTM) directly solves the two-way wave equation for wavefield propagation; therefore, how to solve the wave equation accurately and quickly is very important for RTM. The conventional staggered-grid finite-difference (SFD) operators are usually based on the Taylor-series expansion theory. If they are used to solve wave equation on a larger frequency content, a strong dispersion will occur, which directly affects the seismic image quality. In this paper, we propose an optimal SFD operator based on least squares to solve acoustic wave equation for prestack RTM, and obtain a new antidispersion RTM algorithm that can use short spatial difference operators. The synthetic and real data tests demonstrate that the least squares SFD (LSSFD) operator can mitigate the numerical dispersion, and the acoustic RTM using the LSSFD operator can effectively improve image quality comparing with that using the Taylor-series expansion SFD (TESFD) operator. Moreover, the LSSFD method can adopt a shorter spatial difference operator to reduce the computing cost. 相似文献
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Viscoacoustic prestack reverse time migration based on the optimal time-space domain high-order finite-difference method 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Prestack reverse time migration （RTM） is an accurate imaging method ofsubsurface media. The viscoacoustic prestack RTM is of practical significance because itconsiders the viscosity of the subsurface media. One of the steps of RTM is solving thewave equation and extrapolating the wave field forward and backward; therefore, solvingaccurately and efficiently the wave equation affects the imaging results and the efficiencyof RTM. In this study, we use the optimal time-space domain dispersion high-order finite-difference （FD） method to solve the viscoacoustic wave equation. Dispersion analysis andnumerical simulations show that the optimal time-space domain FD method is more accurateand suppresses the numerical dispersion. We use hybrid absorbing boundary conditions tohandle the boundary reflection. We also use source-normalized cross-correlation imagingconditions for migration and apply Laplace filtering to remove the low-frequency noise.Numerical modeling suggests that the viscoacoustic wave equation RTM has higher imagingresolution than the acoustic wave equation RTM when the viscosity of the subsurface isconsidered. In addition, for the wave field extrapolation, we use the adaptive variable-lengthFD operator to calculate the spatial derivatives and improve the computational efficiencywithout compromising the accuracy of the numerical solution. 相似文献