共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Takashi Yoshino Jonathan D. Price David A. Wark E. Bruce Watson 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,152(2):169-186
The pore geometry of texturally equilibrated rocks is controlled by the interfacial energy ratio between grain boundaries and solid–liquid boundaries. Faceting at pore walls, which is a common feature of pore networks in rocks, strongly affects the liquid distribution. We investigated the effects of faceting on the equilibrium pore geometries based on image analysis of several systems with various degrees of faceting and dihedral angles. The degree of faceting was assessed by the F value, which is the ratio of the flat interface length at the pore wall to the length of total interfacial boundary between solid and liquid. The F values tend to increase with increasing liquid volume fraction. Little-faceted systems show relatively homogeneous liquid distribution. Moderately-faceted systems with a higher dihedral angle (∼55°) are characterized by development of large pores surrounded by faceted walls and complementary shrinkage of triple junction tubes, whereas strongly faceted systems with a low dihedral angle show no evidence of shrinking triple junction tubes, although most pores are surrounded by faceted pore walls. The faceted systems tend to produce more facet boundaries at the pore walls due to the difference of interfacial energies between the flat and curved surfaces. In the systems with the same degree of faceting, heterogeneity of liquid distribution tends to decrease with dihedral angle. For faceting systems, the permeability of texturally equilibrated rocks with low liquid fraction would be significantly decreased by the relative reduction of triple junction volumes or by closure of channels along grain edge due to the truncation of facet walls. 相似文献
2.
以鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区延长组致密砂岩储层为研究对象,在岩石学、孔隙结构、储层物性特征研究的基础上,开展储层敏感性流动实验,以此评价该地区致密储层的敏感性及敏感机制。研究结果表明：陕北地区延长组致密砂岩储层敏感性主要表现为中等偏强速敏、中等偏弱水敏、无酸敏到弱酸敏、弱碱敏、强压敏;临界流速、临界矿化度、临界pH值3个特征临界值分别为1.0 mL/min、8 500 mg/L、8.5。敏感程度主要受矿物成分和孔隙结构的影响。研究区储层速敏的形成源于其孔隙填隙物——高岭石的存在;绿／蒙混层及伊/蒙混层矿物是引起水敏及盐敏的主要因素;铁白云石及含铁绿泥石等酸敏矿物的存在使部分岩样显弱酸敏;极其复杂的孔喉结构、极易受压变形的片状喉道以及岩样中云母、黏土等塑性矿物导致储层具强压敏性。 相似文献
3.
接触角及孔径是影响土壤润湿性、渗透性及毛细作用的重要因素。为了进一步认识非饱和黄土的毛细特性及渗透性,进行了非饱和黄土的接触角测试及压汞试验,对黄土孔隙体积与接触角的关系进行了分析,探讨了孔隙、接触角随深度的变化规律。研究发现,干燥状态下黄土的接触角高于天然状态下黄土的接触角;随着地层深度的增加,接触角增大;接触角与大、中孔隙体积为负相关关系,与微孔隙体积为正相关关系。在地层浅部,接触角与小孔隙体积为正相关关系,而对于深部地层,接触角与小孔隙体积为负相关关系;非饱和黄土中小孔隙及微孔隙含量较大,大、中孔隙含量相对较少。 相似文献
4.
LI Bo WANG Xingzhi LIU Hongqi WANG Yongjun TIAN Jie HUO Fei GAO Zhaolong 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):305-321
Cast thin section observation, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), high-pressure mercury injection(HPMI), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) were used to examine the microstructure of tight carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Jurassic Da’anzhai Member, the central Sichuan Basin. The pore space in the Da’anzhai Member is classified into 2 types and 17 subtypes, with nano-scale pore throats of ‘O’, ‘S’, ‘Z’, and ‘I’ shapes. Poorly sorted pore throats vary greatly in diameter;thus, it is difficult for fluid flow to pass through these pore throats. There are three classes of pore throats in carbonate reservoirs, i.e. isolated pores, pores coexisting with fractures, and large pores and fractures. Isolated pores may provide some pore space, but the permeability is low. Pores and fractures coexisting in the reservoir may have a great impact on porosity and permeability;they are the major pore space in the reservoir. Large pores and fractures have a great impact on reservoir properties, but they only account for a limited proportion of total pore space. The microstructure of Da’anzhai reservoirs, which dominates fluid mobility, is dependent on sedimentary environment, diagenesis, and tectonic process. Pore structure is related to sedimentary environment. The occurrence of microfractures, which may improve reservoir properties, is dependent on tectonic process. Diageneses are of utmost importance to pore evolution, cementation and growth of minerals have played an important role in destroying reservoir microstructure. 相似文献
5.
水泥改良冻土在融化压缩下的微观孔隙演变特征研究,对了解水泥改良冻土的过程具有重要意义。将水泥改良后的冻土进行融化压缩实验,通过冷冻干燥法对试验后的土样进行电镜样品制取并获取其微观特征图像。对试验土样进行比重测试,得到土样真实的三维孔隙比。最后以真实孔隙比作参考,确定图像分割所选取的灰度值并提取其孔隙特征。结合融化压缩试验结果,对水泥改良冻土的孔隙数量、面积、定向角及丰度值随改良土压缩量的变化关系进行了分析。研究结果表明:经过水泥改良后的冻土,大孔隙结构强度增大明显;随着水泥掺量及养护龄期的增加,孔隙比与孔隙面积变大,压缩量变小;随着土体压缩量的增大,孔隙的定向角分布逐渐由均匀状向锯齿状发展;土样压缩过程中,丰度值大于0.5的孔隙发生压缩明显,孔隙逐渐趋于细长状,并且随着压缩量的增大,孔隙丰度值的分布越来越趋于正态分布。孔隙微观结构演变研究为阐释水泥改良冻土宏观力学特性增强的机制提供了科学依据。 相似文献
6.
基于孔隙分布模型的垫层料冻胀变形规律探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
垫层料冻胀变形过大会影响面板坝的正常使用,研究表明,垫层料冻胀变形量大小与其级配及孔隙分布有关。为了研究寒冷环境下垫层料冻胀变形机制和规律,基于土颗粒为理想球体且完全均匀分布的假定,提出了垫层料孔隙分布模型,确定了等效孔隙直径及等效孔隙数量的计算办法。利用单向固结仪,进行了不同孔隙尺寸和不同孔隙数量垫层料的冻融循环试验,冻胀试验结果表明：垫层料冻胀量大小随孔隙尺寸和孔隙数量变化而变化。存在一个临界孔隙尺寸,小于该尺寸的孔隙越小、小孔隙越多,冻胀量越大;反之,冻胀量越小。基于孔隙分布模型,构造定义了孔隙分布指数,发现垫层料冻胀变形量与孔隙分布指数呈线性正相关关系。研究结果可为工程设计确定合理的垫层料级配提供参考。 相似文献
7.
页岩中的有机质孔隙对烃类气体的赋存至关重要。为了明确渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩的有机质孔隙发育特征,使用聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术进行观察。FIB-HIM具有极高的分辨率,分辨精度可达到亚纳米级,能够有效识别直径为0~20 nm的孔隙。结果表明:龙马溪组页岩的焦沥青内部发育大量的有机质孔隙,孔隙直径大,连通性好,大量较小直径的孔隙嵌套在直径较大的有机质孔隙中,增加了页岩有机质孔隙系统的比表面积和孔隙连通性,有利于烃类气体在页岩有机质孔隙内的赋存及有效渗流。龙马溪组页岩的固体干酪根内部有机质孔隙的发育特征与焦沥青相比存在较大差别,固体干酪根内部发育的有机质孔隙数量少,孔隙直径小,连通性差,孔隙多呈孤立状存在于固体干酪根内部。 相似文献
8.
不同固结压力下强结构性黏土孔隙分布试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨结构性土变形的微观机制,以湛江地区结构性黏土为研究对象,对原状土和压缩试验后土样进行压汞试验,分析不同固结压力下土的孔隙分布、孔径大小以及孔隙结构特征参数的变化规律,辅以SEM图像进行孔隙形态的定性分析,并从分形理论角度对此解释与验证。结果表明,湛江黏土各孔隙组对外力的敏感度与孔隙体积含量正相关。由于压汞过程存在瓶颈效应以及边-面-角的空间接触形式,其结果可能会夸大真实小孔隙的分布密度而低估大孔隙的分布密度。结构性对压缩过程中孔隙分布影响较大,当固结压力增大至结构屈服压力后,孔径为0.01～0.50 μm的孔隙组变化明显,孔隙的连通性变差,孔径分布向小孔径范围移动,孤立式孔隙增多,大、中孔隙的界限变得不明显。湛江黏土孔隙具有多重分形特征,据此确定微裂隙、粒间孔隙和孤立孔隙孔径的分界点为0.01 μm与0.50 μm,同时给出了湛江黏土的孔径界定标准。 相似文献
9.
毗邻烃源岩的细粒储层,由于其岩石结构、组分及沉积环境的特殊性,成岩作用表现出一定差异。本文以张家垛油田阜三段细粒碎屑岩储层为例,通过铸体薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等相关分析,研究其成岩作用的特殊性。研究结果表明:(1)细粒储层的成分成熟度和结构成熟度较高,常被泥岩包裹,在压实作用中若存在欠压实,粒间孔可以被很好地保留下来;(2)细粒储层形成时水动力较弱,杂基含量高导致微孔较多;(3)大量的粘土矿物使孔隙比表面增加,抑制了后期硅质和碳酸盐胶结物的析出;(4)比表面的增加减缓了孔隙流体的对流速率和扩散速率,不利于次生孔隙的形成,粒度越细,次生孔隙越不发育。细粒碎屑岩储层有别于常规储层,对其特殊的成岩作用进行研究具有重要的理论价值和实际意义。 相似文献
10.
Fatiha Bouchelaghem 《Mathematical Geosciences》2011,43(1):23-53
This paper presents an analytical study of fluid flow in a porous medium presenting pores of two different length scales: at the smallest or microscopic scale, the presence of connected voids confers a porous medium structure to the material investigated, while at the upper or mesoscopic scale, macro-pores are present. This microstructure is employed to represent the progressive opening of inter-aggregate pore spaces observed in natural compacted montmorillonites polluted by heavy metal ions. Three-dimensional analytical expressions are rigorously derived for pore fluid velocity and excess pore fluid pressure within the porous matrix, around an occluded ellipsoidal inter-aggregate void. The eccentricity ratio is employed to characterize the geometrical shape of the ellipsoidal void, while its orientation with respect to the inflow in the far field is determined by the dip angle θ. As an application, we investigate the flow focusing effect for varying eccentricity ratios and dip angles. 相似文献
11.
Fatiha Bouchelaghem 《Mathematical Geosciences》2011,43(1):55-73
This paper presents an analytical study of fluid flow in a porous medium presenting pores of two different length scales:
at the smallest or microscopic scale, the presence of connected voids confers a porous medium structure to the material investigated,
while at the upper or mesoscopic scale, macro-pores are present. This microstructure is employed to represent the progressive
opening of inter-aggregate pore spaces observed in natural compacted montmorillonites polluted by heavy metal ions. Three-dimensional
analytical expressions are rigorously derived for pore fluid velocity and excess pore fluid pressure within the porous matrix,
around an occluded ellipsoidal inter-aggregate void. The eccentricity ratio is employed to characterize the geometrical shape
of the ellipsoidal void, while its orientation with respect to the inflow in the far field is determined by the dip angle
θ. As an application, we investigate the flow focusing effect for varying eccentricity ratios and dip angles. 相似文献
12.
通过氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜、小角X射线散射及低温氮气吸附实验,对宁镇地区下志留统仑山5井等高家边组底部富有机质泥页岩孔隙结构进行分析,为下扬子区下志留统富有机质泥页岩的储层评价提供依据。研究表明:高家边组富有机质泥页岩含有大量的纳米级孔隙,包括有机质孔、矿物粒间孔、矿物粒内孔、微裂缝等,孔径分布复杂;优势孔径分布为介孔段,孔隙直径主要为2~50 nm。影响孔径分布的主要因素是矿物组成,脆性矿物和黏土矿物对微孔和介孔都有一定的影响,而有机质含量对泥页岩总体孔隙特征的影响并不明显。 相似文献
13.
On the Use of Changes in Dihedral Angle to Decode Late-stage Textural Evolution in Cumulates 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
The melt-filled pore structure in the final stages of solidificationof cumulates must lie somewhere between the two end-membersof impingement (in which pore topology is controlled entirelyby the juxtaposition of growth faces of adjacent grains) andtextural equilibrium (in which pore topology is controlled bythe minimization of internal energies). The exact position betweenthese two end-members is controlled by the relative rates ofcrystal growth and textural equilibration. For samples in whichgrowth has stopped, or is very slow, textural equilibrium willprevail. A close examination of dihedral angles in natural examplesdemonstrates that these two end-member textures can be distinguished.The impingement end-member results in a population of apparentsolid–melt dihedral angles with a median of 60° anda standard deviation of 25–30°, whereas the texturallyequilibrated end-member population has a median of 28° anda standard deviation of 14°. For the specific case of cumulatesin the Rum Layered Intrusion, residual porosity in troctoliticcumulates was close to the impingement end-member, whereas thatin peridotites was close to melt-bearing textural equilibrium.Suites of glass-bearing samples from small, or frequently disturbed,magma systems show modification of initial impingement textures.These modifications may be a consequence of textural equilibrationor of diffusion-limited growth during quenching. Distinctioncan be made between these two processes by a consideration ofgrain shape. The geometry of interstitial phases in suites offully solidified cumulates from the Rum Layered Intrusion showsvariable approach to sub-solidus textural equilibrium from aninitial state inherited by pseudmorphing of the last melt. Texturalequilibration at pore corners occurs as a continuous process,with a gradual movement of the entire dihedral angle populationtowards the equilibrium final state. If the initial, pseudomorphedstate is one of disequilibrium (i.e. a melt-present impingementtexture) this change is accompanied by a reduction in the spreadof the population. If it is one of equilibrium, the change isaccompanied by an initial increase in the spread of the population,followed by a decrease. These observations demonstrate thatpreviously published models of dihedral angle change involvingthe instantaneous establishment of the equilibrium angle inthe immediate vicinity of the pore corner are incorrect. KEY WORDS: cumulate; dihedral angle; textural evolution; Rum intrusion; Kula; Santorini 相似文献
14.
基于压汞法的冻融循环对土体孔隙特征影响的试验研究 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7
冻融循环会改变土的微观结构, 孔隙特征的变化是其结构性发生改变的重要体现. 以青藏铁路沿线粉质黏土为研究对象, 借助压汞技术对不同冻融次数下重塑土样的孔隙特征进行了研究. 结果表明:土体孔隙特征分布曲线表现出明显的双峰特征, 据此可将土样的孔隙分为大孔和小孔两大类; 冻融循环次数对小孔隙的影响较小, 小孔隙直径和体积基本保持不变; 冻融循环次数对大孔隙的影响较大, 特别是孔径为20～40 μm的孔隙, 其直径和体积均随冻融次数的增加而增大. 试样的孔隙率随冻融次数的增加并无明显规律, 但总体的变化趋势是先增大后减小. 由孔隙分形维数计算结果可知, 冻融循环在改变土体孔隙结构的同时, 使孔隙内壁的粗糙程度及孔隙结构的复杂程度降低. 相似文献
15.
致密砂岩储层流体可动性对油气开发、预测和评价具有重要意义。查阅国内近十年相关成果，对致密储层流体可动性的相关参数、测试方法、分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析。发现致密砂岩储层的弛豫时间T2谱截止值为0.540~41.600 ms，可动流体孔隙度为0.12%~14.35%，可动流体饱和度为2.16%~90.30%，Ⅲ—Ⅳ类储层是致密砂岩储层的主要类型，致密储层可动流体的孔喉半径下限为0.013~0.110 μm，高压压汞、核磁共振、恒速压汞识别的孔喉半径下限分别为0.037 5、0.070 0~0.200 0、0.120 0 μm，水膜厚度为0.05~1.00 μm。统计分析显示，核磁共振、恒速压汞测得致密储层可动流体饱和度偏低；水膜厚度是影响致密砂岩储层流体渗流的主要因素；低煤阶煤层可动流体饱和度最高，致密砂岩储层次之，页岩储层最低；致密砂岩储层约是页岩储层、低煤阶煤层可动流体孔隙度的10倍；砂岩储层可动流体赋存于孔隙和喉道中，受孔隙和喉道共同控制；致密砂岩具有喉道分布集中，有效孔隙发育差，孔隙大部分为喉道半径小于1.000 μm的微细孔；喉道半径越集中、孔喉半径比越小、有效喉道半径越大，越有利于储层流体的渗流；砂岩渗透率（<2×10-3 μm2）越低，可动流体参数衰减越快；渗透率（>2×10-3 μm2）越高，可动流体参数升高越缓慢；喉道半径是控制致密砂岩储层流体可动性的主要因素。 相似文献
16.
为了研究孔隙结构和水动力对悬浮颗粒在饱和多孔介质中沉积和迁移特性的影响,对天然硅粉（悬浮颗粒）和荧光素钠（示踪剂）在饱和多孔介质中的渗流迁移特性进行土柱试验,分别得到了5种不同渗流速度（0.033、0.066、0.132、0.199、0.265 cm/s）、两种不同多孔介质（石英砂和玻璃球）的悬浮颗粒和示踪剂全组合下的20条穿透曲线。根据试验结果,研究孔隙结构、渗流速度对饱和多孔介质中颗粒迁移和沉积过程中水动力作用机制、弥散效应、加速效应的影响。研究表明,悬浮颗粒的穿透曲线可以用一阶沉积动力学对流弥散方程的解析解来描述。随着渗流速度的增大,水动力学作用对颗粒出流浓度的影响越来越大,而孔隙结构的影响则相对减弱。同时,存在一个临界渗流速度值。当渗流速度超出该值时,悬浮颗粒迁移要快于示踪剂,而且临界渗流速度对于玻璃球和石英砂两种多孔介质是不同的;其次,在两种介质中,随渗流速度增大,弥散度增加,回收率和回收悬浮颗粒粒径增大,沉积系数先增大后减小。此外,在孔隙比相近的情况下,悬浮颗粒在玻璃球介质中的回收率要大于其在石英砂中的。可见,孔隙结构和渗流速度是影响饱和多孔介质中颗粒输运的重要因素,渗流速度越大,孔隙结构的作用越明显。 相似文献
17.
应力路径试验前后不同黄土的孔隙分形特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解不同黄土孔隙形状复杂程度的差异和应力路径对孔隙形状复杂程度的影响,对两种黄土应力路径前后孔隙分形特征进行了研究。首先比较了3种分维模型所得孔隙分形维数的可靠性,然后选用热力学关系模型,由进汞、退汞试验得到地裂缝区黄土、充填黄土初始样和三轴应力路径试验后的孔隙分布,据此分析了两种土体进汞孔隙和退汞孔隙分形维数的差异和受载后的分形维数变化,根据退汞过程仅管形孔内的汞流出及孔隙由管形孔和球形孔组成的假定,得到了应力路径试验前后孔隙形状的改变。结果表明,热力学关系模型得到的孔隙分形维数合理、可靠。初始状态,原状和重塑充填黄土的孔隙形状比原状和重塑黄土复杂;常规三轴试验后试样孔隙比减少,孔隙分形维数增加,球形孔向管形孔转变;相对于常规三轴压缩试验,减围压三轴压缩试验后试样的孔隙分形维数较小,管形孔占总孔隙的体积比例较少;总体上管形孔的分形维数比球形孔大,且基本不受应力路径的影响,其占总孔隙的体积比例随着试样宏观孔隙比的减少而增加。 相似文献
18.
文章通过大量岩芯、铸体薄片观察和测井资料分析,对准噶尔腹部石西石炭系火山岩风化壳储层进行了详细地研究。研究结果表明,该火山岩风化壳储层的储集空间主要有基质溶孔、气孔或杏仁体溶孔、角砾间溶孔、微裂缝和裂缝等,其中与裂缝连通的各类溶孔占主导地位;在岩石分布上以集块岩、条带状熔岩、角砾熔岩和致密凝灰岩为主,玄武岩、安山岩和流纹岩则相对较少;储层物性主要表现为高孔低渗,只有裂缝具有较高的渗透率,且裂缝以高角度缝和直立缝为主。研究还发现,岩性岩相、裂缝和风化淋滤作用是影响该风化壳储层的主要因素。区内油层主要聚中在构造高部位、靠近断裂带和有利岩相区域;油层分布在离石炭系风化壳顶面25~150 m的范围内。 相似文献
19.
通过岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、压汞分析及粘土矿物X衍射分析等资料,从储层的岩性、成岩作用、孔隙类型及影响孔隙结构的因素方面,对阿尔及利亚三叠盆地泥盆系Siegenian组储层的微观特征及成岩作用对其影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,该储层以石英细砂岩、粉砂岩为主,成分成熟度高。储集空间主要有原生粒间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、铸模孔、胶结物内溶孔及构造裂缝6种,主要以次生溶蚀孔隙为主,且首次在研究区发现了石英溶蚀孔,并研究了碱性流体的来源。孔隙结构以细孔、细喉-微喉型为主,少量中孔细喉型和微孔微喉型。成岩作用类型多样,在区内发现了碱性溶蚀作用。成岩作用对储层发育具有重要的影响,压实、胶结作用是导致孔隙度和渗透率降低的主要因素,溶蚀作用是区内储层改善的最重要的成岩作用类型。X区块勘探程度低,明确其储层微观特征有利于X区块的进一步勘探开发。 相似文献
20.
本文从储层的岩性、成岩作用、孔隙类型及粘土矿物对孔隙结构的影响等方面对辽河坳陷曙光油田古近系沙河街组大凌河储层的孔隙结构特征进行了分析，揭示了该储层的微观非均质性和对开发效果的影响。研究表明该油层储集层成熟度低。大凌河储层的上油组岩石为长石质岩屑杂砂岩，下油组岩石为岩屑质长石砂岩。孔隙类型以粒间孔为主，少量溶蚀孔。孔隙结构以粗孔中喉型居多，其次为中孔细喉型和细孔细喉型。粘土矿物包括蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石，其中蒙脱石含量最高，尤其是下油组。在油田开发时，为防止过度伤害孔隙结构、破坏储层，针对上下油组存在的非均质性，应制定不同的开采方案，控制注采液在油层中的流速，注入蒸汽的PH值不要高于9，同时在蒸汽水中加入适量的钾离子。 相似文献