共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
一种海冰热力过程参数化方案 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
由于海冰热力过程太复杂,难于精确计算冰面和水面热量收支方程中的每一项,并且净热量收支比每项小得多,因此难以确定海冰热力一动力模式中的净热通量。本文根据渤海的水文气象观测,详细分析了太阳短波辐射、长波辐射、云量、感热和潜热等对海冰热力增长函数的贡献,给出了一种海冰热力过程的参数化方案。并选取２个典型的个例进行了对比研究。模拟结果表明,该参数化方案能较好地模拟渤海海冰的热力过程。 相似文献
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利用2006-2007年东海海区(120°E～128°E,26°N～31°N)的太阳辐射、常规气象和皮温等观测资料,分析太阳辐射季节变化特征,并讨论其与相关因子的关系;分析大气透过率与太阳高度角、总云量和相对湿度的关系,并进一步讨论海而反照率与太阳高度角、大气透过率和风的相关性.结果表明:东海海区辐射分量除向上短波辐射外,都表现出夏季最大,冬季最小的季节变化特征;大气透过率秋季最大,夏季最小;海面反照率秋季最大,春季最小.向下(上)短波辐射主要受太阳高度角和云量影响,向下长波辐射与气温、相对湿度的相关性较好,向上长波辐射与皮温的关系非常密切;大气透过率在少云时主要受太阳高度角影响,多云时主要受总云量影响,空气湿度的影响较弱;大气透过率变大时海面反照率减小;太阳高度角是影响海面反照率最主要的因素,且影响作用随着大气透过率的变大而增强,太阳高度角越大,海面反照率越小;风引起的海而粗糙度影响最弱,在太阳高度角较高、大气透过率较大时,风增大海面反照,卒的作用增强. 相似文献
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南海西沙海区5～6月份辐射通量研究--整体公式建立 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将南海西沙海区2000年5～6月海面辐射通量（包括太阳短波辐射、海面反射辐射、大气逆辐射和海面长波辐射）与云量、海温、气温、水汽压等气象要素进行了对比分析,发现它们之间存在一定的相关关系,利用这些关系建立了适合于计算南海西沙海区的太阳短波辐射、大气逆辐射、海面长波辐射和海面反照度的经验公式.分析结果表明,采用本文经验公式计算的各辐射通量值与实测资料的误差较一般常用经验公式的计算误差均有不同程度的减小,计算结果与实测结果在变化趋势上也具有较好的一致性. 相似文献
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利用"中国近海海洋综合调查与评价"2007年北黄海春季航次的资料,综合分析了短波、长波辐射及海面短波、长波反射辐射特征及与云量、气温、水汽压、海面红外温度等的对应关系。结果显示海面太阳入射辐射远大于海面反射辐射,二者相差约1个量级;海面长波辐射总体上大于大气逆辐射,二者相差约40 W/m2,平均净辐射为153.1 W/m2。观测期间大气透射率约为0.45,并据此分析探讨了云对太阳辐射传输的影响,建立了考虑总云量、低云量及水汽压等因素的海面太阳短波辐射经验估算公式,计算结果与实测结果具有较好一致性,均方根误差为11.3 W/m2。最后讨论了太阳辐射船基观测由于船体晃动可能造成的误差影响。 相似文献
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融冰季节北极破碎冰区热通量的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
利用航空遥感数字影像的解析结果和实测气象，海洋和海冰资料，定量研究了夏季融冰期北极破碎冰区的热通量，计算了海洋对大气的热贡献，结果表明，在北极夏季海冰融化时，短波辐射远远大于感热和潜热通量，是表面热通量的决定因素，海洋对大气的热贡献主要由长波辐射决定，在观测期间，海洋对大气的热贡献为38～104Wm^-2，这部分热量的大小与海冰的密集度有关，当海冰密集度小于0.8时，海洋对大气的热贡献随海冰密度度的增大而减小，而当海冰密集度超过0.8以后，该热通量将随海冰密集度的增大而增大。 相似文献
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海冰的热力过程及其与动力过程的耦合模拟 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
研究和讨论了海气相互作用过程中海冰演变的物理过程；大气和海洋对海冰的热力作用以及冰内物理过程；大气和海洋热力学参数对冰厚和密集度等冰情参数的影响和上述物理过程的数学处理。计算了冰面与水面能量收支，并分析海冰热力增长函数的特征；将热力模式与动力模式。对渤海１９８９－１９９０年度海冰进行数值模拟。结果表明，考虑热力过程的热动力模式，对类似于１９９０年２月１２－１８日海冰融化过程显示出明显的优越性，模拟 相似文献
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BCC_CSM对北极海冰的模拟:CMIP5和CMIP6历史试验比较 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文利用北京气候中心气候系统模式(BCC_CSM)在最近两个耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5和CMIP6)的历史试验模拟结果,对北极海冰范围和冰厚的模拟性能进行了比较,结果表明:(1) CMIP6改善了CMIP5模拟海冰范围季节变化过大的问题,总体上更接近观测结果;(2)两个CMIP试验阶段中BCC_CSM模拟的海冰厚度都偏小,但CMIP6试验对夏季海冰厚度过薄问题有所改进。通过对影响海冰生消过程的冰面和冰底热收支的分析,我们探讨了上述模拟偏差以及CMIP6模拟结果改善的成因。分析表明,8?9月海洋热通量、向下短波辐射和反照率对模拟结果的误差影响较大,CMIP6试验在这些方面有较大改善;而12月至翌年2月,CMIP5模拟的北极海冰范围偏大主要是海洋热通量偏低所导致,CMIP6模拟的海洋热通量较CMIP5大,但北大西洋表层海流的改善才是巴芬湾附近海冰外缘线位置改善的主要原因。CMIP试验模拟的夏季海冰厚度偏薄主要是因为6?8月海洋热通量和冰面热收支都偏大,而CMIP6试验模拟的夏季海冰厚度有所改善主要是由于海洋热通量和净短波辐射的改善。海冰模拟结果的改善与CMIP6海冰模块和大气模块参数化的改进有直接和间接的关系,通过改变短波辐射、冰面反照率和海洋热通量,使BCC_CSM模式对北极海冰的模拟性能也得到有效提高。 相似文献
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基于Icepack一维海冰柱模式,以2014年中国第6次北极科学考察长期冰站ICE06的3个融池的辐射参量和气象参量的连续观测作为大气强迫数据,对融池反照率及相关参量进行了模拟。本文引入观测的融池深度及海冰厚度作为初始条件,通过考虑融池覆盖率的作用,改进了平整冰融池参数化方案中海冰干舷的计算,修正了冰上可允许的最大融池深度,成功实现了对融池参数变化的模拟;同时,还修正了入射辐射分量比例系数与对应反照率分量权重系数不一致的问题。标准试验中,模拟的3个融池的反照率与观测结果之间的平均误差分别为0.01、0.05和0.13;入射辐射比例的敏感性试验结果表明,当可见光辐射比例增大8%时,融池反照率的模拟结果增大了6%～8%;融池表面再冻结试验的结果显示,当再冻结冰层厚度小于2 cm时,模拟冰面反照率的增加不足0.006,由此引起的表面能量收支减少了约1.1 W/m2。本文研究指出,准确的入射辐射比例对于改善北极海冰反照率模拟是必要的;并指出目前模式仍存在融池表面再冻结参数化、热收支计算、表面吹雪效应等有待解决的问题。 相似文献
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1 Introduction The solar and terrestrial radiations are the major energy sources and sinks for the earth climate system. Climatologically, in high latitudes and polar regions, the radiative fluxes are often an order of magnitude larger than the other surf… 相似文献
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With improved observation methods, increased winter navigation, and increased awareness of the climate and environmental changes, research on the Baltic Sea ice conditions has become increasingly active. Sea ice has been recognized as a sensitive indicator for changes in climate. Although the inter-annual variability in the ice conditions is large, a change towards milder ice winters has been detected from the time series of the maximum annual extent of sea ice and the length of the ice season. On the basis of the ice extent, the shift towards a warmer climate took place in the latter half of the 19th century. On the other hand, data on the ice thickness, which are mostly limited to the land-fast ice zone, basically do not show clear trends during the 20th century, except that during the last 20 years the thickness of land-fast ice has decreased. Due to difficulties in measuring the pack-ice thickness, the total mass of sea ice in the Baltic Sea is, however, still poorly known. The ice extent and length of the ice season depend on the indices of the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. Sea ice dynamics, thermodynamics, structure, and properties strongly interact with each other, as well as with the atmosphere and the sea. The surface conditions over the ice-covered Baltic Sea show high spatial variability, which cannot be described by two surface types (such as ice and open water) only. The variability is strongly reflected to the radiative and turbulent surface fluxes. The Baltic Sea has served as a testbed for several developments in the theory of sea ice dynamics. Experiences with advanced models have increased our understanding on sea ice dynamics, which depends on the ice thickness distribution, and in turn redistributes the ice thickness. During the latest decade, advance has been made in studies on sea ice structure, surface albedo, penetration of solar radiation, sub-surface melting, and formation of superimposed ice and snow ice. A high vertical resolution has been found as a prerequisite to successfully model thermodynamic processes during the spring melt period. A few observations have demonstrated how the river discharge and ice melt affect the stratification of the oceanic boundary layer below the ice and the oceanic heat flux to the ice bottom. In general, process studies on ice–ocean interaction have been rare. In the future, increasingly multidisciplinary studies are needed with close links between sea ice physics, geochemistry and biology. 相似文献
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渤海海冰特征厚度分析 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
通过海冰生消机理和数值试验,讨论了渤海海冰特征厚度的存在条件;对不同厚度的海冰表面温度、冰面热量收支、冰面下热传导和太阳辐射透射量进行了对比分析,分析了渤海海冰向特征冰厚的动态演化过程;在不同气温、风速、相对湿度和海洋热通量等气象和水文条件下,对渤海特征冰厚进行了计算;讨论了海冰生消的动态平衡过程,分析了1997/1998年冬季辽东湾JZ20-2海域实测冰厚与特征冰厚的相互关系。对渤海特征冰厚分析将有助于渤海海冰数值模拟工作的开展和对不同重现期设计冰厚的推算。 相似文献
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The coupled ice-ocean model for the Bohai Sea is used for simulating the freezing, melting, and variation of ice cover and the heat balance at the sea-ice, air-ice, and air-sea interfaces of the Bohai Sea during the entire winter in 1998～1999 and 2000～2001. The coupled model is forced by real time numerical weather prediction fields. The results show that the thermodynamic effects of atmosphere and ocean are very important for the evolvement of ice in the Bohai Sea, especially in the period of ice freezing and melting. Ocean heat flux plays a key role in the thermodynamic coupling. The simulation also presents the different thermodynamic features in the ice covered region and the marginal ice zone. Ice thickness, heat budget at the interface, and surface sea temperature, etc. between the two representative points are discussed. 相似文献
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基于MODIS热红外数据的渤海海冰厚度反演 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Level ice thickness distribution pattern in the Bohai Sea in the winter of 2009–2010 was investigated in this paper using MODIS night-time thermal infrared imagery.The cloud cover in the imagery was masked out manually.Level ice thickness was calculated using MODIS ice surface temperature and an ice surface heat balance equation.Weather forcing data was from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analyses.The retrieved ice thickness agreed reasonable well with in situ observations from two off-shore oil platforms.The overall bias and the root mean square error of the MODIS ice thickness are –1.4 cm and 3.9 cm,respectively.The MODIS results under cold conditions(air temperature –10°C) also agree with the estimated ice growth from Lebedev and Zubov models.The MODIS ice thickness is sensitive to the changes of the sea ice and air temperature,in particular when the sea ice is relatively thin.It is less sensitive to the wind speed.Our method is feasible for the Bohai Sea operational ice thickness analyses during cold freezing seasons. 相似文献
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北极冰海耦合模式对两种不同大气再分析资料响应的分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文中我们比较了Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR)高分辨率的再分析数据集和低分辨率的Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project(JRA25)再分析数据集在向下短波辐射、向下长波辐射、10m风场、近地面气温、降水、湿度上的不同,发现二者差异最大的为降水数据,其次为向下短波辐射数据、向下长波辐射数据。用这两个数据集驱动同一冰海耦合模式,CFSR强迫的海冰、北冰洋中层水和加拿大海盆温盐结构与实测相比有很大差距,等密度面上的地转流速在加拿大海盆和欧亚海盆比JRA25强迫的结果高20%,同时等密度面的深度偏深、位温偏高,在弗拉姆海峡的流通量也比海洋再分析数据Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)偏多。CFSR的向下辐射数据更加接近实测,采用此数据的敏感性实验模拟结果与实测符合的更好。对于海冰的模拟,云量起着至关重要的作用,降水带来的淡水通量通过影响大西洋入流水携带的热量进而影响到冰区。此外,CFSR过量的降水也是二者对于北冰洋温盐结构、弗拉姆海峡流通量以及地转流强度模拟产生偏差的主要原因。尽管风场的分辨率不同,在海盆尺度上对于海冰和海水温盐结构的影响并不大。 相似文献
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Over the past decades, sea ice in the polar regions has been significantly affecting local and even hemispheric climate through a positive ice albedo feedback mechanism. The role of fast ice, as opposed to drift ice, has not been well-studied due to its relatively small coverage over the earth. In this paper, the optical properties and surface energy balance of land fast ice in spring are studied using in situ observations in Barrow, Alaska. The results show that the albedo of the fast ice varied between 0.57 and 0.85 while the transmittance increased from 1.3×10?3 to 4.1×10?3 during the observation period. Snowfall and air temperature affected the albedo and absorbance of sea ice, but the transmittance had no obvious relationship with precipitation or snow cover. Net solar shortwave radiation contributes to the surface energy balance with a positive 99.2% of the incident flux, with sensible heat flux for the remaining 0.8%. Meanwhile, the ice surface loses energy through the net longwave radiation by 18.7% of the total emission, while the latent heat flux accounts for only 0.1%. Heat conduction is also an important factor in the overall energy budget of sea ice, contributing 81.2% of the energy loss. Results of the radiative transfer model reveal that the spectral transmittance of the fast ice is determined by the thickness of snow and sea ice as well as the amount of inclusions. As major inclusions, the ice biota and particulates have a significant influence on the magnitude and distribution of the spectral transmittance. Based on the radiative transfer model, concentrations of chlorophyll and particulate in the fast ice are estimated at 5.51 mg/m2 and 95.79 g/m2, which are typical values in the spring in Barrow. 相似文献
19.
Ayumi Fujisaki Hajime Yamaguchi Fengjun Duan Genki Sagawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(5):775-790
In this study, a numerical model of 7-day forecast of sea ice produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency was improved by
the following approaches. First, a new ice dynamic model was introduced: the distributed mass/discrete floe model. The model
takes account of discrete characteristics of ice floes and well simulates the ice edge location at low computational cost.
Secondly, the grid size was reduced to 5 × 5 km for the future high resolution forecasts. Next, the sea surface current data
was examined because it significantly influences sea ice movement. We applied two new datasets of HINO and Okhotsk Ocean General
Circulation Model (Okhotsk OGCM), which are estimated by numerical simulations, for the 7-day forecast of sea ice. Ice southward
speed in January and the whorl formations in February and March were well reproduced with Okhotsk OGCM datasets. Finally,
the ocean heat flux at the ice-ocean interface was refined. As a result, we achieved an ice edge error reduction from 30.8
km to 23.5 km. 相似文献