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1.
A time domain synthetic reflection seismogram is detailed and, as a limiting condition on this model, the analytic reflection impulse response for a one-dimensional lossless acoustic medium with piecewise continuous acoustic impedance is obtained. This analytic impulse response solution, in the structure of a sum of terms by order of reflection, provides insight to some of the poorly understood aspects of acoustic reflections from stratified and smoothly varying media as may be encountered in shallow marine sediments and elsewhere. It offers as well an approach for the inverse problem of extracting acoustic impedance profiles from reflection response data, though other effects (such as wavefront spreading, dispersive and absorptive attenuation, and wavelet broadening attendant with pulse propagation through a medium) need to be accommodated. 相似文献
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音响驯化技术是控制鱼群和提高放流回捕率的有效方法。目前,对海水鱼类进行音响驯化时关于音响驯化时段选择的研究积累尚少。本试验研究了在7:20、10:20、13:20、16:20和19:20 5个不同驯化时段水平下,许氏平鲉幼鱼在430Hz正弦波连续音刺激下的行为反应,分别探究了在不考虑非音频刺激因素和减轻(甚至避免)非音频刺激因素对音响驯化效果干扰的前提下,许氏平鲉幼鱼的优势音响驯化时段。结果表明,无论考虑非音频刺激因素对音响驯化效果的影响与否,7:20时段都是许氏平鲉幼鱼的优势音响驯化时段。 相似文献
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海底天然气渗漏是海洋环境中广泛分布的自然现象,在世界各大洋中都有发现。海底渗漏的气体赋存于浅部地层,可以改变近表层沉积物的物理性质,使其在声学剖面上得以反映。通过对南海北部陆坡某海域研究区浅地层剖面和地震数据分析,在浅地层剖面上发现了声空白、声混浊、增强反射层、速度下拉等特征,在地震剖面上则识别出气烟囱或泥底辟、亮点、速度下拉、增强反射层等特征。以似海底反射层（BSR）作为地震剖面上明显的含气层标志,划分了2套含气系统。通过浅地层剖面与地震剖面联合解释认为,BSR之下气烟囱／泥底辟的发育导致了亮点、速度下拉、增强反射层等声学特征的发生,BSR之上水合物层的存在则可能起到封堵天然气而使其发生侧向运移的作用,在气体封堵相对薄弱的位置,天然气向上运移形成声空白、声混浊、增强反射层、速度下拉等特征。以声空白代表的天然气聚集带可能成为块状水合物的发育场所,可能成为较有潜力的勘探目标。 相似文献
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Dae Choul Kim Gwang Hoon Lee Young Kyo Seo Gil Young Kim Seok Yun Kim Jeong Chang Kim Soo Chul Park Roy Wilkens 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2004,22(1):21-31
Shallow gas in the Korea Strait shelf mud (KSSM) off SE Korea, revealed by high-resolution subbottom profiles, is associated with acoustic blanking, acoustic turbidity, seepages with plumes in the water column, and seafloor depressions. The acoustic blanking, characterized by strong, consistent top reflection and wipeout below, is most dominant. The seaward edge of the acoustic blanking zone generally coincides with the 100-m water-depth contour, suggesting that the water depth (the pressure) may control the distribution of shallow gas. The acoustic turbidity, characterized by diffuse top reflection, is a dark smear, partially blanking the data below. The seepages with plumes, characterized by vertical smearing and disturbed seafloor, are seen only along the shallowest, landward edge of the acoustic blanking zone. This may suggest that the decreased gas solubility at shallow water depths, caused by the lowered pressure, increases the volume of free gas in the sediments, facilitating the gas escape. The seafloor depressions, interpreted as pockmarks, are accompanied by cone-shaped acoustic masking, which is probably the reflection from a narrow vent of gas. The gas-related acoustic anomalies appear to occur mostly in the upper, recent mud of the KSSM. Neither permeable beds nor faults, which can act as vertical migration pathways for deep thermogenic gas, are evident in the recent mud. We interpret that the bacterial degradation of organic matter in situ is the main source for the gas in the KSSM. The upwelling off SE Korea may be an important source for the increased organic matter in the area. 相似文献
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DAE CHOUL KIM GWANG HOON LEE YOUNG KYO SEO GIL YOUNG KIM SEOK YUN KIM JEONG CHANG KIM 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1-2):21-31
Shallow gas in the Korea Strait shelf mud (KSSM) off SE Korea, revealed by high-resolution subbottom profiles, is associated with acoustic blanking, acoustic turbidity, seepages with plumes in the water column, and seafloor depressions. The acoustic blanking, characterized by strong, consistent top reflection and wipeout below, is most dominant. The seaward edge of the acoustic blanking zone generally coincides with the 100-m water-depth contour, suggesting that the water depth (the pressure) may control the distribution of shallow gas. The acoustic turbidity, characterized by diffuse top reflection, is a dark smear, partially blanking the data below. The seepages with plumes, characterized by vertical smearing and disturbed seafloor, are seen only along the shallowest, landward edge of the acoustic blanking zone. This may suggest that the decreased gas solubility at shallow water depths, caused by the lowered pressure, increases the volume of free gas in the sediments, facilitating the gas escape. The seafloor depressions, interpreted as pockmarks, are accompanied by cone-shaped acoustic masking, which is probably the reflection from a narrow vent of gas. The gas-related acoustic anomalies appear to occur mostly in the upper, recent mud of the KSSM. Neither permeable beds nor faults, which can act as vertical migration pathways for deep thermogenic gas, are evident in the recent mud. We interpret that the bacterial degradation of organic matter in situ is the main source for the gas in the KSSM. The upwelling off SE Korea may be an important source for the increased organic matter in the area. 相似文献
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南黄海西部地区浅层气地震特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
通过近年来南黄海西部地区的浅层地震调查,发现该地区浅层气地震特征丰富而多变,特别是多处海底面、海水层中的浅层气地震记录,揭示本区存在较多浅层气,且部分浅层气由海底逸出,释放到海水层中。该区的浅层气地震特征按空间位置分为3大类:(1)地层中的特征:声学空白、声学幕、声学扰动、不规则强反射顶界面、两侧相位下拉;(2)海底面的特征:海底麻坑、大型塌陷坑;(3)海水层中的特征:声学羽流、云状扰动、点划线反射。选择相应特征的典型浅层气地震记录,进行了声学成因解释,讨论了大型塌陷坑的浅层气成因、海水层中声学反射与浅层气体的成因关系以及浅层气地震特征的气体浓度指示作用。根据南黄海西部地区浅层气地震特征,绘制了该区的浅层气分布图。 相似文献
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《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2009,34(4):399-406
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黄东海灾害地质类型及声学反射特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
高分辨率声学剖面资料是识别海洋灾害地质现象的有效手段。该文利用国家“12 6”专项调查在黄东海海域获得的各种声学剖面及历史资料 ,在黄东海海底及浅层识别出多种灾害地质类型 ,如潮成沙脊、沙波、古河道、断层、浅层气等。根据对它们的声学特征及成因机制的分析 ,作者认为 :潮流是黄东海海底表层灾害地质形成的主要动力因素 ;而浅层灾害地质因素以古河道、断层、浅层气等为主。 相似文献
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声学地层剖面深水探测研究与开发 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
深水浅部地层精细探测是深海地质勘探与资源开发的重要调查内容。与浅水海域声学地层剖面探测相比,深水地层剖面探测会遇到严重的能量衰减、大数据量长时间反射序列采样、纵向地层分辨率降低以及横向空间覆盖率偏稀等问题,为解决这些问题,国外仪器商采用了不同的方法。采取重采样减少数据量会严重影响纵向分辨率;采取MultiPing技术可以很好解决横向空间覆盖率问题,但多Ping接收采用海底追踪变深度范围采集会造成反射同相轴跳跃突变,或采用短时间间隔采集会造成回波数据无法准确计算海底深度。为了解决这些技术问题,作者研究开发了相关的技术处理方法,解决MultiPing技术反射同相轴拼接改正处理和海底深度记录延迟处理,这些问题的解决为深水浅部地层精细探测提供了技术保障。 相似文献
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声波在海底界面的反射和透射是海底散射、海底混响、海底目标探测的重要问题。利用Biot多孔介质声传播理论对声波在水-多孔海底界面上的反射和透射进行了分析,具体给出反射声波的反射系数,3种透射声波的透射系数以及声能透射系数随入射波入射角和频率(10~40 kHz)的变化关系,分析了各种透射波对透射声能的贡献。多孔海底介质参数分别采用Stoll和Chotiros给出的2组参数进行理论计算。 相似文献
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通过分析天然气水合物在海洋中的6种主要赋存状态类型,总结了每种赋存状态之间的相互转化关系及其物性参数计算方法,并应用到地震波场的正演模拟中。对比研究了声波模型、弹性波模型和双相介质模型对各种水合物赋存地层的响应特征,结果表明:1)当地层中存在孔隙充填型水合物且下伏地层不含游离气时,双相介质模拟的含水合物层底界表现负极性特征;当充填结核型水合物时,弹性介质和双相介质模拟的水合物底界反射呈负极性;2)当地层充填颗粒包裹型水合物且下伏地层含游离气时,无论是低频(25 Hz)条件还是提高子波主频(40 Hz),3种介质模拟水合物的地震响应特征都很明显,但水合物层底界反射振幅随偏移距变化的关系存在差异;3)当沉积薄层中充填颗粒间胶结型水合物且下伏地层含游离气时,弹性介质和双相介质模拟水合物薄层底界的反射振幅随偏移距的增大而减小;将水合物类型改为颗粒支撑型并提高子波主频,声波介质和弹性介质模拟水合物层底界的反射振幅随偏移距的增大而减小。 相似文献
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北极冰下声传播特性实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2017年8月6日在北极海域开展的一次声传播实验，开展了冰下声传播特性实验研究。结合Burke-Twersky （BT）散射模型与射线模型，分析了冰下声传播的多途到达结构，研究了接收声强变化规律，解释了接收声强在30 min内衰减20 dB的现象，分析了接收信号的时间相关性，探讨了接收信号相关性较低的原因。实验结果表明，表面接收信号主要由小角度多次反转反射声线、一次海底反射声线和二次海底反射声线依次构成，表面声道到达信号显著强于海底反射信号。试验冰站在试验期间的运动导致了声传播信号强度和相关性的迅速衰减，并通过仿真得到了验证。 相似文献
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This paper applies a full-field technique to invert bottom sound profile and bottom reflectivity from simulated acoustic data in a shallow water environment. Bottom sound-speed profile and bottom reflectivity have been traditionally estimated using seismic reflection/refraction techniques when acoustic ray paths and travel time can be identified and measured from the data. However, in shallow water, the many multipaths due to bottom reflection/refraction make such identification and measurement rather difficult. A full-field inversion technique is presented here that uses a broad-band source and a vertical array for bottom sound-speed and reflectivity inversion. The technique is a modified matched field inversion technique referred to as matched beam processing. Matched beam processing uses conventional beamforming processing to transform the field data into the beam domain and correlate that with the replica field also in the beam domain. This allows the analysis to track the acoustic field as a function of incident/reflected angle and minimize contamination or mismatch due to sidelobe leakage 相似文献
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深海脉冲传播多途效应显著,直达波受海洋环境影响较大。基于南海某海域深水试验数据,采用Butterworth带通滤波器识别目标信号,进而分析近、中、远距离处VLA接收到的信号特征,并根据射线理论解释多途效应、直达波特征规律。结果表明:近距离目标信号可分为直达波及两次海底反射波;中距离可分为直达波与三次海底反射波;远距离目标信号弱,反射波特征不明显。其中,直达波声强显著低于第一次海底反射波,受夏季海面波导的影响,近表层深度处的直达波强度最大;50~200m深度层在强跃层控制下,声线向下弯曲,直达波信号随深度增加逐渐减弱;随传播距离增加,直达波逐渐减弱消失。 相似文献
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A standard inverse problem in underwater acoustics is the reconstruction of the ocean subbottom structure (e.g., the density and sound speed profiles) from an aperture- and bandlimited knowledge of the reflection coefficient. In this paper we describe an inverse solution method due to Candel et al. [12] which is based on the scattering of acoustic plane waves by a one-dimensional inhomogeneous medium. As a consequence of applying the forward scattering approximation to a local wave representation of the acoustic field, they obtain an expression for the reflection coefficient in the form of a nonlinear Fourier transform of the logarithmic derivative of the local admittance. Inversion of this integral transform enables the recovery of the admittance profile via the numerical integration of two first-order differential equations which require as reflection data a single impulse response of the medium. Separate recovery of both the density and sound speed profiles requires two impulse responses for two different grazing angles. In this case, four differential equations need to be integrated instead of two. To illustrate the capability of the method, we present numerical reconstructions which are based on synthetic reflection data for a geoacoustic model that represents the acoustic properties of the surficial sediments for a site in the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. 相似文献
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Geotechnical data from Plio-Pleistocene sediments on the Hebrides Slope provide the basis for an analysis of potential factors controlling their acoustic character as observed on high-resolution seismic reflection profiles. Differences in acoustic signature within the sedimentary succession are related to the void index and thus to soil structure and, in turn, to the depositional history of the sediments. In this example, a correlation can be demonstrated between the seismic and geotechnical stratigraphies. 相似文献