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多波多分量地震资料解释工作要开展好,确定PS波地震剖面上的地质层位是致关重要的内容之一.实际多波勘探工区中VSP资料常常不充足,甚至缺乏,此时借助PS波合成记录进行PS波层位标定是标定PS波层位的有效方法.为了在实际多波资料解释工作中确定好PS波地震剖面上的地质层位,对中心角度法、角道集叠加法、偏移距道集叠加法、递推法、波动方程正演及伪转换横波反射系数法6种PS波合成记录方法的原理进行了分析.依据研究区的实际地质情况建立了理论模型,对比了6种方法合成PS波记录的效果,表明各种方法合成的PS波记录的波组波系特征相似,只有少许同相轴有能量、波形差异.在实际PS波资料层位标定工作中对6种方法进行了应用研究,表明波动方程正演法、偏移距道集叠加法计算慢,不便于在层位标定工作中使用.递推法、伪转换横波反射系数法速度最快,但振幅近似精度略差.中心角度法、角道集叠加法计算速度和精度都较适应在PS波剖面层位标定工作中使用,并对研究区实际PS波资料进行了较好的标定.同时也提出了在PS波层位标定工作中发展PS波合成记录方法的一些建议,以期PS波井震资料能匹配得更好. 相似文献
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在地震勘探资料处理中,子波的零相位化有助于提高地震资料的分辨率、改善叠加剖面的质量.常规的相位校正方法是利用测井合成记录对井旁地震记录进行相位估计,然后对整条剖面进行常相位校正,该方法没有考虑地震子波相位的非稳态性（相位随时间和空间变化）.虽然通过局部相似度方法利用最大方差模准则或包络最大相似度准则可以估计出随时间和空间变化的相位属性,但是由于零相位判别准则本身具有一定的局限性,因此精度有限.针对这一问题,本文在局部地震属性和局部平面波模型下,提出了一种井约束的非稳态相位校正方法,该方法不仅考虑了子波相位的非稳态性,而且充分利用了测井合成地震记录进行相位校正精度高的优点.理论模型和实际资料处理表明,本文方法可以有效实现信号的零相位化,有利于改善叠加效果,提高资料的分辨率. 相似文献
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在地震勘探资料处理中,子波的零相位化有助于提高地震资料的分辨率、改善叠加剖面的质量.常规的相位校正方法是利用测井合成记录对井旁地震记录进行相位估计,然后对整条剖面进行常相位校正,该方法没有考虑地震子波相位的非稳态性(相位随时间和空间变化).虽然通过局部相似度方法利用最大方差模准则或包络最大相似度准则可以估计出随时间和空间变化的相位属性,但是由于零相位判别准则本身具有一定的局限性,因此精度有限.针对这一问题,本文在局部地震属性和局部平面波模型下,提出了一种井约束的非稳态相位校正方法,该方法不仅考虑了子波相位的非稳态性,而且充分利用了测井合成地震记录进行相位校正精度高的优点.理论模型和实际资料处理表明,本文方法可以有效实现信号的零相位化,有利于改善叠加效果,提高资料的分辨率. 相似文献
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针对利用地震道进行相对波阻抗反演中遇到的横向连续性难以保持、初始子波容错度差以及随机噪声干扰影响反演结果等问题,提出了一种基于矩阵Toeplitz稀疏分解的相对波阻抗反演方法.该方法将地震数据剖面的Toeplitz稀疏分解问题分解为两个子反演问题,其一以Toeplitz子波矩阵元素为待反演的参数,用Fused Lasso方法求解,可保证子波具有紧支集且是光滑的;其二以稀疏反射系数矩阵元素为待反演参数,用基于回溯的快速萎缩阈值迭代算法求解,大大降低了目标函数中参数选择的难度.通过交替迭代求解上述两个子反演问题可将地震数据剖面因式分解为一个Toeplitz子波矩阵和一个稀疏反射系数矩阵;然后由反射系数矩阵递推反演可以得到高分辨率的相对波阻抗剖面;利用测井资料加入低频分量后,也可得到高分辨率的绝对波阻抗剖面.Marmousi2模型生成的合成记录算例和实际地震资料算例均表明:本文方法可以从带限地震数据中有效地反演相对波阻抗,反演结果分辨率高并且能够很好地保持地震数据的横向连续性;即使在初始估计子波存在误差和地震数据被随机噪声污染的情况下也能取得较好的效果. 相似文献
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地震数据的噪声往往覆盖了有用的地质信息,需要对地震数据进行滤波处理.在滤波处理过程中,为减少噪声对地震解释带来的假象,形成了很多相关的技术.但在地震解释滤波质量控制方面所做的研究工作很少.因此,建立叠后储层地震滤波质量控制标准,可以提高地震数据的品质及减少地震解释的假象.根据滤波前后地震资料的合成地震记录相关系数、信噪比地震属性以及时频特征三个方面对叠后储层地震资料滤波处理进行质量控制,通过对比处理前后地震资料发现:滤波后地震资料井震相关系数得到提高;滤波前后均方根地震属性变化大的地方对应信噪比属性值较小,且滤波前后地震剖面及属性与信噪比剖面及属性均具有较好的对应关系;在频谱上,滤波前后频带宽度、主频和能量保持一致.以上对地震滤波处理的控制方法中,经实际结果检验及分析可以看出,滤波前后地震资料的时频特征一致性是保证滤波质量的重要手段,另外信噪比以及与信噪比相关的地震剖面及属性在评价地震资料滤波合理性上也优于合成记录及常规地震属性对地震资料滤波质量的评价.针对叠后断裂检测实例,据该滤波质量控制标准,确保断裂检测精度. 相似文献
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谱图重排的谱分解理论及其在储层探测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
谱分解理论是把单道地震记录分解为连续的时频谱平面,是地震资料处理和解释的重要技术之一.由于谱分解方法的多解性,所以同一道地震记录因为分解方法不同,得到的时频谱是不一样的.短时傅里叶变换,小波变换,S变换和匹配追踪算法都是对信号开窗分析,这些方法都受到不确定性原理的限制.Wigner-Ville变换避开了不确定性原理的限制,但是交叉项的存在限制了本方法的使用.本文利用谱图重排的时频分析方法(RSPWV)对合成的单道地震记录和实际的地震资料进行了分析.与短时傅里叶变换和匹配追踪算法的比较得出:此方法具有较高的时频分辨率,能够很好地识别气层. 相似文献
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大型克拉通内部沉积盆地基底组构与盆地起源和油气聚集有密切关系.除了钻井岩心及周缘露头研究可提供盆地结晶基底类型证据外,反射地震信号记录了沉积盆地起源时期的有关大地构造作用信息,盆地基底组构可通过记录长度大的反射地震剖面研究.2007年中石化在塔里木盆地将1400 km的地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底的组构和类型提供了难得的第一手资料.这篇文章主要介绍这次调查的反射地震剖面,讨论深反射地震数据处理的关键技术,展示塔里木盆地巴楚—塔中地区的四条12 s反射地震剖面,并对反射剖面的散射模式作初步分析.本次调查表明,将地震剖面接收记录从6 s加长到12 s,采集处理的成本只增加了3％左右,但是可为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底和上地壳不均匀性提供很有价值的第一手资料. 相似文献
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Because zero-offset VSP (Vertical Seismic Profile) data can only provide the information of rock properties and structure in the area around the Fresnel zone within the well, the scheme of VSP with offset was developed to acquire the reflection information away from the borehole in order to widen the range of VSP survey and to improve the precision of imaging.In this paper, we present a new CDP (Common Depth Point) mapping approach to image the reflecting structure by using offset VSP data. For the processing of offset VSP data, we firstly separated the up-going and down-going wave-fields from VSP data by means of F-K filtering technique, and we can calculate the mapping conditions (position and reflecting traveltime for CDP point) in homogeneous media, and then reconstruct the inner structure of the earth.This method is tested by using the offset VSP data which are used to simulate the case of super-deep borehole by means of finite-difference method. The imaged structure matches the real model very well. The results show that the method present here could accurately image the inner structure of the earth if the deviation of initial velocity model from the true model is less than 10%. Finally, we presented the imaged results for the real offset data by using this method. 相似文献
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Crustal P-wave velocity structure in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and insights into crustal deformation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shuaijun Wang Baojin Liu Xiaofeng Tian Baofeng Liu Xianghui Song Xiaoguo Deng Yinan Sun Cejun Ma Yudong Yang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2018,61(9):1221-1237
The transitional area between the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ordos Block and Alxa Block,also being the northern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt, is characterized by considerably high seismicity level and high risk of strong earthquakes. In view of the special tectonic environment and deep tectonic setting in this area, this study used two seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction cross profiles for double constraining, so as to more reliably obtain the fine-scale velocity structure characteristics in both the shallow and deep crust of individual blocks and their boundaries in the study area,and further discuss the seismogenic environment in seismic zones with strong historical earthquakes. In this paper, the P-wave data from the two profiles are processed and interpreted, and two-dimensional crustal velocity structure models along the two profiles are constructed by travel time forward modeling. The results show that there are great differences in velocity structure,shape of intra-crustal interfaces and crustal thickness among different blocks sampled by the two seismic profiles. The crustal thickness along the Lanzhou-Huianbu-Yulin seismic sounding profile(L1) increases from ~43 km in the western margin of Ordos Block to ~56 km in the Qilian Block to the west. In the Ordos Block, the velocity contours vary gently, and the average velocity of the crust is about 6.30 km s-1; On the other hand, the velocity structures in the crust of the Qilian Block and the arclike tectonic zone vary dramatically, and the average crustal velocities in these areas are about 0.10 km s-1 lower than that of the Ordos Block. In addition, discontinuous low-velocity bodies(LVZ1 and LVZ2) are identified in the crust of the Qilian Block and the arc-like tectonic zone, the velocity of which is 0.10–0.20 km s-1 lower than that of the surroundings. The average crustal thickness of the Ordos Block is consistently estimated to be around 43 km along both Profile L2(Tongchuan-Huianbu-Alashan left banner seismic sounding profile) and Profile L1. In contrast to the gently varying intra-crustal interfaces and velocity contours in the Ordos Block along Profile L1, which is a typical structure characteristic of stable cratons, the crustal structure in the Ordos Block along Profile L2 exhibits rather complex variations. This indicates the presence of significant structural differences in the crust within the Ordos Block. The crustal structure of the Helan Mountain Qilian Block and the Yinchuan Basin is featured by "uplift and depression" undulations, showing the characteristics of localized compressional deformation.Moreover, there are low-velocity zones with alternative high and low velocities in the middle and lower crust beneath the Helan Mountain, where the velocity is about 0.15–0.25 km s-1 lower than that of the surrounding areas. The crustal thickness of the Alxa Block is about 49 km, and the velocity contours in the upper and middle-lower crust of the block vary significantly. The complex crustal velocity structure images along the two seismic sounding profiles L1 and L2 reveal considerable structural differences among different tectonic blocks, their coupling relationships and velocity structural features in the seismic zones where strong historical earthquakes occurred. The imaging result of this study provides fine-scale crustal structure information for further understanding the seismogenic environment and mechanism in the study area. 相似文献
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本文介绍了利用地脉动中的面波信息探测地壳浅部横波速度结构的观测方法、仪器设备、野外数据采集和用空间自相关方法测定相速度及相关的数据处理方法,并给出了在两个场地的探测实例. 通过与钻探结果对比表明,由该方法推测的地壳浅部1～2 km 深度范围的浅层横波速度结构,对于确定物性差异大的地层界面是有效和可靠的. 由于该方法使用的是地脉动噪声中的面波信息,不需要专门的震源, 因此具有经济快捷、应用范围广泛等优点,将可能成为一种新的具有很好应用前景的地球物理勘探方法. 相似文献
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We analyze the characteristics of different floating datums for static corrections and discuss the methods for determining them. The effect of different floating datum corrections was studied using theoretical model experiments, resulting in the conclusion that the velocity obtained after the floating datum correction with the minimum static correction errors depends on the velocity of the layer below the low velocity layer （LVL） lower boundary and is not related to topographic relief and LVL structure. For the real data processing case, wave equation numerical model experiments were conducted which resulted in a new method for calculating objective functions based on the waveform and modifications to the calculation equation for minimum static correction errors to make the method suitable for real data static correction processing using inhomogeneous velocity models with lower velocity boundary relief. Real data processing results demonstrate the method＇s superiority. 相似文献
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中国东海及邻近海域一条剖面的地壳速度结构研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
1982年以来，中国科学院海洋研究所在东海海域进行了二十多个站位的遥测浮标折射地震测量，1991年又在东海陆架区进行了OBS测量，本文在我国东海域选择了横穿东海陆架，冲绳海槽，琉球岛弧，琉球海沟和菲律宾海盆的一条剖面，利用上述折射地震资料及其它该剖面附近的折射地震资料，对该剖面的地壳速度结构进行了研究，并进行了速度年代对比。研究表明，剖面的速度结构在纵向上和横向上都表现出明显的差异，横向上可分为三隆三盆，纵向上大致可划分为1．8－2．2km/s,2.4-2.8km/s,3.0-3.6km/s,4.2-5.1km/s和5.75-6.0km/s的速度层，从地壳的速度结构否则 本海区至少有如下的沉积旋回：降冲 槽的中抽外，上新世纪至第四纪本海区沉积环境稳定，而冲第槽中轴可能一直处于构造活跃的状态；始新世为本区沉积的全盛渐新世该区域处于抬升的时期,钓鱼岛隆起区、琉球岛弧隆起区在此期的沉积被剥蚀殆，东海陆架和冲 槽此时斯 沉积也受到相当程度的剥蚀，东海陆架盆地和冲绳槽此时期的沉积也受到相当沉的剥蚀。，东海陆架盆地和冲槽盆地的出现可能在5．75－6．0km/s的速度层沉积之后，菲律宾海盆为典型的大洋地壳结构。 相似文献
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1978年,在美国中加利福尼亚完成了一条横跨圣安德烈斯断层带的地震反射波剖面.由于断层带存在着强烈的侧向非均匀性和低速结构,观测结果极为复杂.这种断层带上的侧向速度急剧变化还有其它表征,诸如震中定位的偏移、地震节平面的变形等等.在这种情况下,处理反射波资料的常规计算与解释方法,已经难以实施.本文采用 May 和 Covey(1981)[11]的射线反演方法,根据其它地球物理资料建立初始模型,再利用真实振幅的迭加剖面,推断出其阻抗对比的分布,通过反复迭代反演,获得了速度模型.反演计算的非唯一性固然存在,但该结果与断层带地区的各种地球物理证据是一致的,并揭示了圣安德烈斯断层带的细致结构. 相似文献
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Aizhong Ye Qingyun Duan John Schaake Jing Xu Xiaoxue Deng Zhenhua Di Chiyuan Miao Wei Gong 《水文研究》2015,29(10):2438-2453
For water supply, navigational, ecological protection or water quality control purposes, there is a great need in knowing the likelihood of the river level falling below a certain threshold. Ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) based on simulations of deterministic hydrologic models is widely used to assess this likelihood. Raw ESP results can be biased in both the ensemble means and the spreads. In this study, we applied a modified general linear model post‐processor (GLMPP) to correct these biases. The modified GLMPP is built on the basis of regression of simulated and observed streamflow calculated on the basis of canonical events, instead of the daily values as is carried out in the original GLMPP. We conducted the probabilistic analysis of post‐processed ESP results falling below pre‐specified low‐flow levels at seasonal time scale. Raw ESP forecasts from the 1980 to 2006 periods by four different land surface models (LSMs) in eight large river basins in the continental USA are included in the analysis. The four LSMs are Noah, Mosaic, variable infiltration capacity and Sacramento models. The major results from this study are as follows: (1) a modified GLMPP was proposed on the basis of canonical events; (2) post‐processing can improve the accuracy and reduce the uncertainty of hydrologic forecasts; (3) post‐processing can help deal with the effect of human activity; and (4) raw simulation results from different models vary greatly in different basins. However, post‐processing can always remove model biases under different conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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