共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
对不规则测区的地震资料直接进行三维偏移不仅可减少计算量,而且可提高偏移剖面的质量. 本文在单程波方程中增加了一项简单的阻尼因子,其作用如同在实际不规则测区的外部有一个薄吸收层. 因为波穿越这个薄层时,波场值迅速衰减,所以偏移时把吸收层外边界处的波场值取为零所产生的反射非常微弱. 又因为不规则测区零边界条件偏移程序极易编制,所以就可以实现对不规则测区的地震资料直接进行三维偏移. 通过对实际地震资料的处理,说明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
2.
Further improvement of temporal resolution of seismic data by autoregressive (AR) spectral extrapolation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hakan Karsl&#x; 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2006,59(4):324-336
Seismic data have still no enough temporal resolution because of band-limited nature of available data even if it is deconvolved. However, lower and higher frequency information belonging to seismic data is missing and it is not directly recovered from seismic data. In this paper, a method originally applied by Honarvar et al. [Honarvar, F., Sheikhzadeh, H., Moles, M., Sinclair, A.N., 2004. Improving the time-resolution and signal–noise ratio of ultrasonic NDE signals. Ultrasonics 41, 755–763.] which is the combination of the most widely used Wiener deconvolution and AR spectral extrapolation in frequency domain is briefly reviewed and is applied to seismic data to improve temporal resolution further. The missing frequency information is optimally recovered by forward and backward extrapolation based on the selection of a high signal–noise ratio (SNR) of signal spectrum deconvolved in signal processing technique. The combination of the two methods is firstly tested on a variety of synthetic examples and then applied to a stacked real trace. The selection of necessary parameters in Wiener filtering and in extrapolation are discussed in detail. It is used an optimum frequency windows between 3 and 10 dB drops by comparing results from these drops, while frequency windows are used as standard between 2.8 and 3.2 dB drops in study of Honarvar et al. [Honarvar, F., Sheikhzadeh, H., Moles, M., Sinclair, A.N., 2004. Improving the time-resolution and signal–noise ratio of ultrasonic NDE signals. Ultrasonics 41, 755–763.]. The results obtained show that the application of the purposed signal processing technique considerably improves temporal resolution of seismic data when compared with the original seismic data. Furthermore, AR based spectral extrapolated data can be almost considered as reflectivity sequence of layered medium. Consequently, the combination of Wiener deconvolution and AR spectral extrapolation can reveal some details of seismic data that cannot be observed in raw signal or which lost during the previous processing. 相似文献
3.
E. D. Ongley 《水文研究》1987,1(2):171-179
Assessment of man's impact on fluvial systems frequently involves extrapolation in time and space from data collected as part of a water quality network. Extrapolation represents information transfer and is used for scenario building and risk assessment. Transfer functions for non-conservative quality variables are poorly understood. Metals, phosphorus, and organic contaminants, which are preferentially transported in association with suspended sediment, are especially susceptible to extrapolation errors. Information loss, which is inherent in extrapolation procedures, is characterized for sediment-associated substances by examining the assumptions and limitations of the sediment delivery ratio. A practical demonstration of scale effects and interpretive difficulties is provided using data from the Bow River, Alberta. Guidelines for data assessment and extrapolation are summarized for temporal effects and for three different spatial scales. 相似文献
4.
波场延拓是地震偏移成像的基础. 快速进行目标区波场延拓对石油勘探中急需发展的深部地震勘探和无组合海量地震数据的成像有重要意义. 在目标区成像中,目前已有的波场延拓方法,包括基于走时计算的Dix方法和射线追踪方法,以及基于小步长波场递推的方法,在适应复杂介质、计算精度和计算效率的某一方面还不能完全满足实际需要. 本文提出一种基于“算子相位”李代数积分的快速计算延拓算子的方法,称为大步长波场延拓方法. 在该方法中,指向目标区的波场延拓算子象征的复相位被表示成波数的线性组合. 线性组合的系数是层速度函数及其导数的深度积分,计算和存储较为方便. 波场延拓算子通过相移算子加校正的方法,利用快速Fourier变换在空间域和波数域予以实现. 利用动力学等价关系导出了便于计算的表达式. 本文比较了算子主象征函数用一步法展开和用两步法展开的精度,从而说明大步长方法的精度要高于递推方法. 在横向和纵向线性变化介质中,将大步长方法的脉冲响应与递推法做了比较,说明大步长延拓算子的走时精度主要取决于相移因子中的横向变速校正项;且在各种近似下,大步长算子发生的频散都非常小. 相似文献
5.
Emmanuel Spadavecchia Vincenzo Lipari Nicola Bienati Giuseppe Drufuca 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(4):725-734
Despite being less general than 3D surface‐related multiple elimination (3D‐SRME), multiple prediction based on wavefield extrapolation can still be of interest, because it is less CPU and I/O demanding than 3D‐SRME and moreover it does not require any prior data regularization. Here we propose a fast implementation of water‐bottom multiple prediction that uses the Kirchhoff formulation of wavefield extrapolation. With wavefield extrapolation multiple prediction is usually obtained through the cascade of two extrapolation steps. Actually by applying the Fermat’s principle (i.e., minimum reflection traveltime) we show that the cascade of two operators can be replaced by a single approximated extrapolation step. The approximation holds as long as the water bottom is not too complex. Indeed the proposed approach has proved to work well on synthetic and field data when the water bottom is such that wavefront triplications are negligible, as happens in many practical situations. 相似文献
6.
The elastic Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral expresses the components of the monochromatic displacement vector at any point A in terms of the displacement field and the stress field at any closed surface surrounding A. By introducing Green's functions for P- and S-waves, the elastic Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral is modified such that it expresses either the P-wave or the S-wave at A in terms of the elastic wavefield at the closed surface. This modified elastic Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral is transformed into one-way elastic Rayleigh-type integrals for forward extrapolation of downgoing and upgoing P- and S-waves. We also derive one-way elastic Rayleigh-type integrals for inverse extrapolation of downgoing and upgoing P- and S-waves. The one-way elastic extrapolation operators derived in this paper are the basis for a new prestack migration scheme for elastic data. 相似文献
7.
Albert Cabré Dominique Remy Germán Aguilar Sebastien Carretier Rodrigo Riquelme 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(9):2091-2106
Extreme high-magnitude and low-frequency storm events in arid zones provide the necessary runoff to entrain sediments from source areas and therefore dictate the linkages between hillslopes and channels. Nevertheless, the erosive impact of large storms remains difficult to predict. Most of the uncertainty lies in the lack of topographic change maps associated with single hydro-meteorological events. Consequently, event-based erosion models are poorly constrained and their extrapolation over long time periods remains uncertain. In this study, a 15-month Sentinel-1A coherence time series, optical and field data are used to map the spatial patterns of erosion after the 5-day storm occurred on March 2015, in the Atacama Desert. The coherence change detection (CCD) analysis suggests that temporal loss of coherence is related to variations in soil moisture, while permanent loss of coherence is related to modification of soil texture by erosion and sedimentation. Importantly, permanent loss of coherence is more apparent on gentle rather than steeper slopes, likely reflecting differences in regolith cover and thickness. These findings can contradict the landscape models predicting higher erosion on steeper hillslopes. The CCD technique represents a promising tool for analysing and modelling sediment connectivity in arid areas, giving a clear picture of the relation between sediment sources and sink pathways. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
非因果滤波器在强震数据处理中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文叙述了非因果滤波器的特点,以汶川主震记录为例,采用Butterworth非因果滤波器,研究了加零、余弦过渡以及截止频率对于强震动记录有关参数的影响,对比了四种非因果滤波器在不同阶数下的计算结果,探讨了滤波后的加速度保零和去零的问题。研究表明:借助于在记录的首尾加零得以实现的非因果滤波具有零相位特点,余弦过渡处理对于加零部分与原始记录间的过渡很必要;Butterworth非因果滤波器的计算结果比较稳定,PGV和PGD对于高通截止频率的选择比较敏感,当波纹系数为0.2dB时,宜使用Chebyshev I型非因果滤波器;当波纹系数为3dB时,宜使用Cheby-shev II型非因果滤波器;对于滤波后的加速度数据需要保零以适应数据间的协调。 相似文献
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Surface‐related multiple elimination is the leading methodology for surface multiple removal. This data‐driven approach can be extended to interbed multiple prediction at the expense of a huge increase of the computational burden. This cost makes model‐driven methods still attractive, especially for the three dimensional case. In this paper we present a methodology that extends Kirchhoff wavefield extrapolation to interbed multiple prediction. In Kirchhoff wavefield extrapolation for surface multiple prediction a single round trip to an interpreted reflector is added to the recorded data. Here we show that interbed multiples generated between two interpreted reflectors can be predicted by applying the Kirchhoff wavefield extrapolation operator twice. In the first extrapolation step Kirchhoff wavefield extrapolation propagates the data backward in time to simulate a round trip to the shallower reflector. In the second extrapolation step Kirchhoff wavefield extrapolation propagates the data forward in time to simulate a round trip to the deeper reflector. In the Kirchhoff extrapolation kernel we use asymptotic Green's functions. The prediction of multiples via Kirchhoff wavefield extrapolation is possibly sped up by computing the required traveltimes via a shifted hyperbola approximation. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by results on both synthetic and field data sets. 相似文献
11.
震中参考地名的确定是地震速报工作不可缺少的环节,在Google地图中以KML格式提取和存储新疆周边国家和地区边界坐标数据,利用Delphi语言和天地图API相关技术,开发新疆境外震中参考地名的查询软件,从而可以快速确定新疆周边国家和地区的参考地名,使得境外地震速报的地名准确性和速度得到明显提高。 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2005,143(4):259-277
We conducted self-potential (SP) surveys sequentially from part to part over the central cones of Aso volcano since August 1998 by December 2001. The compiled SP map revealed large SP anomalies on the central cones. The main feature of the SP map is a ‘W-shaped’ profile along the NS-transect over the central cones. It is probable that this characteristic SP profile is produced by the combination of hydrothermal upwelling in the middle and topographic effect. A positive anomaly showing a large concentric pattern has appeared after correcting the topographic effect.To evaluate this SP anomaly, we implemented a numerical code that calculates electric potential produced by arbitrarily positioned current sources and sinks in any three-dimensional resistivity structure. A layered structure obtained from a time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) field experiment was used for the resistivity model. The estimated current source is 300 A, being located in a conductive layer around the sea level. Meanwhile, sinks were estimated to sit on a circular area corresponding to the marginal part of the conductive layer.Water and heat budget study gives a lower limit of water mass transfer from depth to the bottom of the crater lake of Nakadake. This value was used to estimate the equivalent current in either case of electro-kinetic (EK) [Mizutani, H., Ishido, T., 1976. A new interpretation of magnetic field variation associated with the Matsushiro earthquakes, J. Geomag. Geoelectr., 28, 179–188.] or rapid fluid disruption (RFD) process [Johnston, M.J.S., Byerlee, J.D., Lockner, D., 2001. Rapid fluid disruption: A source for self-potential anomalies on volcanoes, J. Geophys. Res. 106(B3), 4327-4335.]. This comparison suggests that the former process is preferable to explain the observed SP anomaly. From these results we infer a large-scale hydrothermal system beneath the central cones of Aso volcano, in which the fluid flow initiates from the surrounding area, converging to the central vent to transport the heat and materials up to the crater lake of Nakadake through a vapor-filled conduit. 相似文献
13.
发展了波动方程深度延拓的频率相关变步长深度延拓方法和表驱动的单点波场插值技术.前者通过减少深度延拓的次数减少了波动方程深度偏移的计算量,而后者用很少的计算量实现了等间距、理想采样的深度成像.就同一偏移方法,采用频率相关变步长深度延拓加单点插值,其计算量大约是常规的等间距采样延拓方法的三分之一,但两者的成像效果基本相同.文中以最优分裂Fourier方法为例,用二维理论数据（Marmousi模型）和三维实际地震资料验证了这一方法,但这一方法可适用于各类频率域波动方程深度偏移方法. 相似文献
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Drainage area and the variation of channel geometry downstream 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Micha Klein 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1981,6(6):589-593
Recent geomorphological studies tend to deal with small basins. The understanding of small basin dynamics provides important information for the understanding of large basin dynamics assuming that the extrapolation of small basin data to larger basins is valid. This work tests the validity of this extrapolation of data with reference to channel geometry. An analysis of the variation of channel width downstream reveals that the value b =0.5 (W = aQb) is a ‘good’ average. However, the use of a one-line model consisting of a simple power function incurs a loss of a considerable amount of relevant information concerning the channel form and hence the channel processes. It has been shown that the –b– value for small basins and very big basins is lower than the one for the intermediate basins. 相似文献
17.
A method for interval velocity analysis is formulated on the basis of wavefield extrapolation, i.e., on the basis of wave-equation migration. When this scheme is applied to multioffset seismic sections or to an ensemble of CMP gathers, it allows for the proper treatment of dipping events. The underlying assumptions are that local velocities should be derived from data associated with events within the interval under consideration. To minimize the effect of the region above the layer of interest, the data are first extrapolated to the top of the analysis interval. Subsequent analysis of these data then pertains to the events within this interval. Velocity estimation consists of repeated wavefield extrapolations through the analysis interval using a set of trial velocities. The optimal velocity is chosen on the basis of coherency measures designed to express the collective phase agreement among a set of offset Fourier modes. The reliability of this approach to interval velocity estimation is demonstrated on synthetic multi-offset data. 相似文献
18.
Pierre Keating 《Geophysical Prospecting》1995,43(4):569-580
Gravity data are often acquired over long periods of time using different instruments and various survey techniques, resulting in data sets of non-uniform accuracy. As station locations are inhomogeneously distributed, gravity values are interpolated on to a regular grid to allow further processing, such as computing horizontal or vertical gradients. Some interpolation techniques can estimate the interpolation error. Although estimation of the error due to interpolation is of importance, it is more useful to estimate the maximum gravity anomaly that may have gone undetected by a survey. This is equivalent to the determination of the maximum mass whose gravity anomaly will be undetected at any station location, given the data accuracy at each station. Assuming that the maximum density contrast present in the survey area is known or can be reasonably assumed from a knowledge of the geology, the proposed procedure is as follows: at every grid node, the maximum mass whose gravity anomaly does not disturb any of the surrounding observed gravity values by more than their accuracies is determined. A finite vertical cylinder is used as the mass model in the computations. The resulting map gives the maximum detection error and, as such, it is a worst-case scenario. Moreover, the map can be used to optimize future gravity surveys: new stations should be located at, or near, map maxima. The technique is applied to a set of gravity observations obtained from different surveys made over a period of more than 40 years in the Abitibi Greenstone Belt in eastern Canada. 相似文献
19.
J. A. CORBYN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1971,19(4):698-717
The application of automatic methods to the processing of potential field survey results has led to the need for the development of special procedures for the interpolation and extrapolation of such data. A method is proposed which utilizes the mathematical properties of potential field data to achieve a minimum distortion solution to the interpolation/extrapolation problem. The proposed method is suitable for use with any data point distribution. Digital computer programs have been prepared using the method; results obtained through the use of the programs are presented. 相似文献
20.
The Offset Wenner resistivity sounding system provides for the extrapolation of the Wenner resistivity curve. The extrapolation technique was applied to data measured in the Solomon Islands and it is shown to be unreliable. An accurate method of predicting the reliability of extrapolation using measured resistances could not be found. 相似文献