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本文应用了长江中下游夏季发生大范围持久性洪涝和干旱时春夏季及多年平均春夏季的纬向垂直环流图,研究了副热带环流与长江中下游地区夏季旱涝的关系,发现长江中下游地区夏涝年的春夏季,在对流层下半部西太平洋东部到中太平洋的副热带高压和南海高压比其夏旱年的同期偏强,长江中下游地区夏涝年时,中太平洋副热带地区的纬向垂直环流具有从春到夏明显的持续性。而且,旱涝年的春季,从南海到中太平洋的纬向垂直环流具有明显不同,这样可以应用多年平均纬向垂直环流图来订正冬季作的长期天气预报。 相似文献
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利用国家气象中心的站点日降水观测资料,定义一个季节内无降水日出现的频率——空雨频率作为极端干旱的表征指标,对中国487个站点1980—2014年秋、冬、春三个连续季节的空雨频率进行季节-经验正交函数分解(S-EOF),发现我国极端干旱随季节演变的时空分布主要表现为前四个主模态的特征,累积方差贡献为40.6%。第一模态为秋、冬、春三季连旱模态,空雨频率呈现显著的上升趋势,大部分地区为异常变旱,冬季华南沿海变旱最显著。第二模态为秋与冬春干旱的反位相变化模态,空雨频率出现明显的秋-冬-春季反位相的季节反差现象,且存在弱的年代际振荡。第三模态为冬-春极端干旱反位相模态,对冬春两季的代表性较好,秋冬两季空雨频率的空间分布场为以长江流域为中心的极端变旱,而春季空雨频率呈现反位相变化。空雨频率以1998年为突变点存在明显的年代际转折。第四模态为南北偶极型秋-冬-春反位相模态,呈现出长江流域以南与长江流域以北三个季节空雨频率均为相反的位相分布。不同的模态反映不同季节、不同区域的空雨频率的变化,充分表现出我国干旱分布的复杂性。 相似文献
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东海、黄海鱼类群落结构的季节变化研究 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
根据2000年春(4月)、夏(6月)、秋(9月)、冬(12月)四季东海、黄海底拖网鱼类资源调查资料,分析了该海域的鱼类群落结构的四季变化特征.四季全部调查海域中出现的优势鱼种有8种:带鱼、小黄鱼、黄鲫、发光鲷、细条天竺鲷、鳀、鳄齿鱼和刺鲳,其中带鱼和小黄鱼是常年优势种.鱼种季节迁移变化以黄海南部波动最大,东海中部相对较为稳定,东海北部稳定性介于两者之间.生物多样性指数中丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H')变化趋势一致,在春、夏两季3个区域相差不大,而在秋、冬两季黄海南部与东海北部和中部有明显分异;种类均匀度指数(J')在四季节3个区域之间相差不大.在暖季(夏、秋)南部鱼类呈向北迁移,而在冷季(冬、春)北部的鱼类有向南迁移的趋势. 相似文献
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大亚湾海区营养盐的变化及富营养化研究 总被引：42，自引：4，他引：42
根据1999年1月（冬），4月（春），7月（夏）和10月（秋）4个季节对大亚湾海区的监测，选用一种新分类分级的营养化评价模式，评价了大亚湾海区的富营养水平；根据历史资料，分析了大亚湾海区近十多年来氮，磷营养盐的变化趋势，并与中国沿海几个海湾作了对比，结果表明，大亚湾海区冬，春、夏三季的水质属贫营养水平，秋季有个别站位水质属磷限制中度营养水平和磷限制潜在性富营养水平，大亚湾海区水中总溶解无机氮（TIN）呈逐年增加趋势，而磷酸盐（PO4-P）则呈逐年下降趋势，在中国沿海几个海湾中，大亚湾水中营养盐含量较低。 相似文献
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Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
L&#; E ZHANG Lei CHEN Min QIU Yusheng XING N YANG Weifeng LI Yanping HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41
Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic 相似文献
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Much of the recent Canadian activity in marine technology has focused on development of capabilities in Arctic waters, and on the update and replacement of naval vessels. This paper describes some of the significant projects and programs now under way, and suggests future research and development requirements. 相似文献
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对一氧化氮在浮游植物中的研究进展进行了归纳,总结了一氧化氮对浮游植物生长的影响,探讨了浮游植物中一氧化氮的产生机制,并对今后的研究重点提出展望。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2013
Marine environment protection in Europe faces a number of challenges. One is the coordination of relevant sectoral policies — such as agricultural and fisheries policies — with regard to marine protection objectives. The question in the following is on how marine protection issues can be more closely integrated in sectoral policies under the conditions prevailing at present. In particular the strength and weaknesses of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) as the key instrument for marine environment protection in Europe are analyzed in this context. In particular, the MSFD does not adequately address all sectors and policies which are relevant to marine environment protection. One possible means of giving the MSFD greater influences on other policies of relevance to marine waters is to integrate the objectives established under the MSFD in the European maritime policy. The aim should be to require the further development of sectoral policies to take unrestricted account of the objectives of the MSFD implementation process. But also other instruments of marine policy such as maritime spatial planning and marine protected areas are crucial to advance the protection of European seas. 相似文献
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JIN Xianglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):1-3
In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future. 相似文献
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湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足 相似文献
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铅(Pb)是已知毒性最大的重金属污染物之一,它可通过呼吸以及饮食摄入人体.铅是一种慢性的积累性毒物和潜在的致癌、致突变物质.铅的性质与钙类似,在人体骨骼中能够积蓄,主要损害神经系统、造血器官和肾脏 [1].鉴于重金属铅对人体如此严重的生物毒性作用,美国环保总局(EPA)将其列入内分泌干扰物(又称环境激素)名单,因此对环境水体中铅的检测具有重要意义.本文简述了海水中铅的含量及其存在形态,评述了原子光谱法、分子光谱法、质谱法及电化学法在海水中铅含量及其形态分析中的应用. 相似文献
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Voronova O. S. Zima A. L. Kladov V. L. Cherepanova E. V. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2020,56(9):1042-1052
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The results of satellite wildfire monitoring and estimates for the amounts of emissions of harmful gases and fine aerosols in Siberia from 2001 to 2019... 相似文献