共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 294 毫秒
1.
冲绳海槽西北侧大陆架向大陆坡转折处表层沉积物中微型腹足类动物群具有混合的生态特征,这与现代海洋沉积环境并不一致。腹足类动物群中除少数种类为陆坡深海分子,多数种类属内陆架区或近岸浅水分子。因此,动物群主要反映了晚更新世末次冰期低海平面的海洋环境,而少数深海种类的混入应与黑潮暖流在冲绳北端所形成的上升流有关。根据本区腹足类在其他海区的时空分布规律,本文认为在更新世末次冰期,黑潮暖流仍对本区有重要影响，并控制着腹足类的分布。本区腹足类这种混合的生态特征是晚更新世末次冰期以来各种海洋动力环境叠加影响的结果。 相似文献
2.
综述了我国海域无脊椎动物的分类学和系统演化研究的历史和概况，以及我国分类系统学工作者在海洋无脊椎动物分类学、区系与动物地理学、系统发育与分子系统学领域的主要工作，重点介绍了中国科学院海洋研究所的海洋无脊椎动物分类学工作。涉及类群包括原生动物、海绵动物、刺胞动物、线虫、多毛类环节动物、星虫、螠虫、软体动物、节肢动物、苔藓动物、毛颚动物、棘皮动物、半索动物等主要的无脊椎动物门类。涉及海域以我国管辖海域，特别是中国近海为主，也涉及了西太平洋、西南印度洋等深海环境的无脊椎动物类群的分类学报道。本文总结过去，展望未来，对于在我国在海洋无脊椎动物分类与系统演化研究领域成就基础上，发现薄弱环节，研讨今后本学科的发展方向，填补研究空白，赶超本领域国际前沿，都有重要借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
脂类分析在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
总结了目前脂类研究在海洋微藻化学分类学上的研究进展。所有的海洋微藻脂类都含一定的脂肪酸和甾醇，而不同种类的海洋微藻都有其特殊的脂肪酸和甾醇组成特征，我们可以运用这些特性来判别微藻可能所处的化学分类学地位：如果运用从某些藻类中发现的部分罕见脂类成分，还有可能对微藻的个别种类进行确定。随着对微藻中脂类物质分离，提取、纯化技术研究的不断深入，加上质谱、核磁共振等结构分析手段和脂类衍生化技术的日益完善，可以构建海洋微藻脂类物质组成结构快速查询信息库，并使其成为微藻化学分类的一个重要辅助手段。 相似文献
4.
蟹守螺总科(Cerithioidea)是一群古老、极度多样化的腹足类,广泛分布于全球热带至温带的水域中,是腹足类生态和进化研究中重要的关键群体。目前蟹守螺总科动物整体上属于了解较少的类群,其定义也一直在修订中。随着贝类学研究理念的进步与技术手段的发展,蟹守螺总科的分类学与系统发育学研究等有了较大进展,但仍然有许多问题亟待解决。文中对该总科的国内外研究现状和存在的问题进行了研究综述。 相似文献
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蜑螺科软体动物系统分类学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
蜑螺科是一类广盐性腹足类动物,主要分布在热带和亚热带海域,是潮间带底栖生物群落的重要组成部分之一,该科动物为探讨物种适应辐射及热带海域生物多样性模式提供了重要研究材料。本文对蜑螺科的国内外系统分类学研究现状和趋势进行了回顾与展望。蜑螺类动物为适应不同生境而进化出多样的贝壳形态,仅依据外部形态很容易产生误导或错误鉴定,因此蜑螺科的分类系统以及一些种属的有效性仍存在争议。我国缺乏系统的蜑螺科分类学研究,已报道的种类还不能完全反应中国海实际的物种数。未来需强化标本采集,在传统形态学分类的基础上,借助分子生物学和解剖学等手段,明确中国海蜑螺科种属组成和区系特点,进而完善蜑螺科的系统分类学研究。 相似文献
6.
海洋生物DNA条形码研究现状与展望 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
海洋生物种类多样,分布广泛,具有复杂性、多样性和趋同性等特点,为了对物种进行更快速、准确地鉴定,急需在传统形态分类学基础上,建立并结合便捷准确的分子鉴定手段。DNA条形码提供了可信息化的分类标准和有效的分类学手段,已成为近年来分类学与生物多样性研究中重要的技术依托。本文概述了DNA条形码当前的发展现状与趋势,并介绍了DNA条形码技术在主要海洋浮游植物(红藻、褐藻、绿藻、硅藻、甲藻)、无脊椎动物(海绵动物、刺胞动物、甲壳动物和软体动物等)和鱼类中的研究进展,以及不同条形码基因针对于不同生物类群的有效性和适用性,指出了目前条形码技术在各海洋类群中存在的主要问题,并对未来的相关工作做了展望,希望为今后我国的海洋生物DNA条形码研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
7.
现代海洋地质学及其发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近几十年来，海洋的重要性愈来愈明显，海洋地质学作为海洋科学中最活跃的一门科学也取得了很大的发展。对海洋地质学的研究内容、意义以及当前发展的现状和趋势作了介绍。 相似文献
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海洋经济对国民经济的贡献研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国的改革开放１６年来，海洋经济有了飞速的发展，主要海洋产值从１９８６年的２２７亿元增加到１９９４年的１７００亿元，并对沿海地区经济及整个国民经济的发展起到了促进作用。本文借鉴国外的方法，根据 国的实际情况，从统计学角度对海洋经济对沿海地区以及整个国民经济的贡献率问题进行了探讨和研究，取得了有意义的结果。 相似文献
10.
中沙,西沙群岛海区表层沉积物中微型腹足类,双壳类的分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中沙，西沙群岛海区表层沉积物中微型腹足类、双壳类主要由热带、亚热带种类和广温性种类组成，并以典型的带珊瑚礁型种类为主，见有腹足类１７６种，双壳类４８种，可划分出３个沉积组合类型。温度、水深、底质，海底地貌是控制本区腹足类、双壳类分布的主要环境因素。腹足类、双壳类遗壳埋藏群由原地埋藏类型和异地埋藏类型组成。在珊瑚礁深水处这现任中类型呈明显混合分布。在水深２２．９０，１１５ｍ处属原地埋藏的潮间带或浅不 相似文献
11.
芋螺科系统分类学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
芋螺科(Conidae)是一类多样性较高的暖水性海洋贝类,肉食性,体内有毒素可射杀猎物。芋螺毒素具有重要的研究价值和经济意义,因此该类动物备受关注。我国南海蕴藏着丰富的芋螺动物资源,芋螺资源的开发及相关研究需要分类学提供支撑。本文简述了芋螺科的系统分类研究历史,回顾了这一类群的国内外系统分类学研究进展,分析了中国海域芋螺科分类学目前存在的问题和不足。文终指出通过经典分类学和分子系统学研究的交叉综合,结合中国海域的研究材料,将会补充和完善国际上较新的芋螺科分类系统,缩小与国外同类研究间的差距。 相似文献
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13.
浮游植物因巨大的“蓝碳”潜力，有助于国家实现“碳达峰”、“碳中和”目标，是碳计量的重要研究对象。浮游植物种类繁多，细胞结构、形态、丰度差异大，与之关联的分类鉴定工作一直是学界研究重点及难点。高通量基因测序、微流控、高灵敏度等新型生物检测技术的研发是适应海洋浮游植物分类和快速监测需求的。通过综合分析浮游植物鉴定与监测的经典技术方法、快速鉴定与监测技术的发展动态和研究应用进展，并使用VOSviewer对浮游植物的自动监测相关文献进行计量分析，以期为浮游植物分类及生态等相关研究人员拓展研究思路、提升研究效率提供帮助。 相似文献
14.
软体动物腹足纲分类学研究进展——从近海到深海 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着科学技术的不断进步和研究的不断深入,我国关于海洋的研究已由浅海逐步向深海发展,不断取得新的发现和认知。自2014年4月起,中国科学院海洋研究所依托先进的"科学"号海洋科学综合考察船,搭载"发现"号水下机器人（remotelyoperated vehicle,ROV）,先后对冲绳海槽热液区、南海冷泉区、雅浦海山区以及马努斯热液区等深海区域进行了综合性科学考查,采集到了大量深海腹足纲（Gastropoda）标本,其中有一些为未经发现和描述的新种,极大地推动了我国关于深海软体动物物种多样性研究,实现了深海环境和软体动物资源的新认知。本文对近年来从深海采集到的腹足类标本进行了整理分类,对其中的11属13种进行描述,并对深海特殊环境中腹足纲物种多样性进行了总结,对中国软体动物腹足纲从近海至深海的分类现状进行研究论述。 相似文献
15.
Clithon retropictus is a neritid gastropod inhabiting mainly brackish water. Currently this species has been listed as a second grade endangered species of wildlife in Korea by the Ministry of Environment, due to the decrease in its population size. C. retropictus has previously been identified from estuaries on the south coast of Korea. In Jeju Island, this species has been reported only from the south coast. However, a population has recently been discovered on the north coast of the island in an apparently new type of habitat, under rocks adjacent to a dry riverbed on a muddy substrate. C. retropictus was found to be aggregated under some of the larger rocks, and the habitat was located near the high tide line. The present study reports some possible reasons for the occurrence of the population in this unusual habitat, and provides useful information on the biometry and population size which can be used in the management of this endangered species. 相似文献
16.
Bathymetric patterns of macrofaunal species diversity are best documented in the western North Atlantic where diversity is a unimodal function of depth, peaking in the mid-bathyal zone and being depressed in the upper slope and abyss. There are few inter-basin studies of diversity-depth trends that are controlled for taxonomy, sampling gear, and diversity measures. In this paper, we compare gastropod diversity gradients in the North American Basin of the Atlantic to estimates of diversity in 9 other regions: the Norwegian Sea, West European Basin, Guiana Basin, Gambia Basin, Equatorial Mid-Atlantic, Brazil Basin, Angola Basin, Cape Basin and Argentine Basin. All samples were collected with epibenthic sleds, and diversity calculated by the Sanders-Hurlbert normalized expected number of species. While sampling in other regions is generally less complete than in the western North Atlantic, results indicate that a unimodal pattern is not universal. Diversity can increase, decrease or show no relationship with depth. The level of diversity also varies among basins relative to the western North Atlantic, being depressed in the Norwegian Sea, at bathyal depths in the eastern North Atlantic, and below an oxygen minimum zone in the Cape Basin, and generally elevated at tropical latitudes and in abyssal regions where food supply is high. Associations between gastropod diversity and the ecology and geology of basins suggest that productivity, oxygen concentration, hydrographic disturbance and evolutionary-historical processes may be implicated in shaping bathymetric diversity gradients, but specific causes are difficult to discern. Much more intensive sampling, analyses of other major taxa, and more detailed ecological data are necessary to understand deep-sea biogeography at within- and between-basin spatial scales. 相似文献
17.
William A. Hubbard 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(3):532-542
Precise biodiversity mapping that can be compared over decades would greatly inform the discussion of climate change impacts on species richness and shifts in dominant benthic species. Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA, has a long history of field studies documenting benthic community structure. This bioassessment compares 1955 benthic infaunal sampling results with 2011/2012 samples to determine whether there has been a compositional change. I also compared structural components including grain size and near‐bottom temperatures. In addition, benthic temperature rise and fall was logged at 15‐min intervals from May to October of consecutive years. There was an observed difference in the benthic compositional structure, substrate and temperature between the 1955 and 2011/2012 station conditions. The 1955 identification of Buzzards Bay as being nutrient poor and having a reported 20.5 °C benthic temperature maximum has changed. Coastal development has brought increased nutrient inputs, and the 2012 bottom temperature maximum was at least 4 °C greater. These conditions contribute to shifts in benthic species dominance, and the substrate itself has been transformed to shell reefs at the stations where the gastropod Crepidula fornicata proliferated. 相似文献
18.
J. E. García-Raso 《Marine Ecology》1990,11(4):309-326
Abstract. During 1986 and 1987 a decapod crustacean taxocoenosis of Posidonia oceanica beds from the southeast of Spain has been studied.
Data on abundance-dominance of the 50 species found and other information such as reproduction and the selective use of gastropod shells by the dominant hermit crabs arc given.
Differences in richness and cquitability between shallow (3–4 m) and deeper (5–7 m) samples arc also shown.
The taxocoenosis presents a geometrical distribution in which only 9 species have a relative abundance higher than 1 % and in which the structure is basically controlled by the two dominant hermit crabs, Cestopagitius limidus and Calcium tubularis , and hydrodynamic conditions. 相似文献
Data on abundance-dominance of the 50 species found and other information such as reproduction and the selective use of gastropod shells by the dominant hermit crabs arc given.
Differences in richness and cquitability between shallow (3–4 m) and deeper (5–7 m) samples arc also shown.
The taxocoenosis presents a geometrical distribution in which only 9 species have a relative abundance higher than 1 % and in which the structure is basically controlled by the two dominant hermit crabs, Cestopagitius limidus and Calcium tubularis , and hydrodynamic conditions. 相似文献
19.
Abstract. Ingestion rates and absorption efficiencies in Gibbula umbilicaris and Jujubinus striatus feeding on green algal films, diatoms, macro-epiphytes, and dead Posidonia ocean/'ca-Ieaves have been investigated in laboratory experiments.
For both gastropod species, ingestion rates were highest in diatoms and thin green algal films as food source. G. umbilicaris exhibited significant lower consumption rates when feeding on seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes, J. striatus consumed neither Posidonia-debris nor macro-epiphytes.
Highest carbon absorption efficiencies were found in both gastropod species when feeding on diatoms and green algal films. Significantly lower efficiencies were found in G. umbilicaris when consuming seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes.
Analyses of fecal material confirmed these findings. Highest organic carbon contents were measured in fecal pellets produced after consumption of seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes reflecting the presence of structural carbohydrates. SEM examinations of feces revealed mainly diatom frustules, refractory parts of macroalgal and other plant material. Analyses of gut contents gave similar results suggesting a basically microphagous herbivory for both gastropod species.
Since seagrass debris and macro-epiphytes are not used very effectively, the high absorption efficiencies when animals feed on the microfloral component of the periphyton are discussed as possible adaptation to limited food availability. 相似文献
For both gastropod species, ingestion rates were highest in diatoms and thin green algal films as food source. G. umbilicaris exhibited significant lower consumption rates when feeding on seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes, J. striatus consumed neither Posidonia-debris nor macro-epiphytes.
Highest carbon absorption efficiencies were found in both gastropod species when feeding on diatoms and green algal films. Significantly lower efficiencies were found in G. umbilicaris when consuming seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes.
Analyses of fecal material confirmed these findings. Highest organic carbon contents were measured in fecal pellets produced after consumption of seagrass debris or macro-epiphytes reflecting the presence of structural carbohydrates. SEM examinations of feces revealed mainly diatom frustules, refractory parts of macroalgal and other plant material. Analyses of gut contents gave similar results suggesting a basically microphagous herbivory for both gastropod species.
Since seagrass debris and macro-epiphytes are not used very effectively, the high absorption efficiencies when animals feed on the microfloral component of the periphyton are discussed as possible adaptation to limited food availability. 相似文献