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1.
近来利用微生物原位修复受石油污染的含水层已被广泛关注,然而地下水中含有许多离子成分,这些无机离子对微生物降解有机污染物的影响机制还不清楚。本文采用批量实验研究了淄博齐鲁石化污染地下水中常见的7种无机离子(NO3-、PO4 3-、SO4 2-、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+)对微生物生长及生物降解苯的影响规律,利用高通量测序技术进一步探究了苯降解菌的种群特征。结果表明：7种离子都存在一个最适宜微生物生长的离子浓度,低于或超过该浓度苯的去除率明显降低,其中NO3-、SO42-、Fe3+最适宜浓度为0. 4mmol/L,PO4 3-、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+最适宜浓度分别为0. 2mmol/L、0. 1mol/L、2. 5mmol/L、2mmol/L;从微生物含量及其变化幅度来看,地下水环境中的NO3-离子对微生物的生长及苯的去除影响最显著,其他离子的影响则较小,但微生物对Cl-的耐受浓度较高。高通量测序结果显示驯化出的苯降解菌主要属于脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio sp)、脱硫芽胞弯曲菌属(Desulfosporosinus sp)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp)中的菌株。研究结果可为石油污染地下水的原位生物修复提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
2.
氯代烃(CAHs)是工农业生产中广泛应用的重要化工原料,其处置不当或意外泄漏使其成为土壤和地下水中最常检测出的有毒有害污染物之一,对人体和生态环境危害巨大。生物修复技术因具有绿色、经济、高效和无二次污染等优势,是氯代烃污染治理的理想技术手段。文章在分析CAHs的理化性质、在环境中的迁移特征和生物降解机制的基础上,对实验室小试、中试等不同规模的微生物修复研究实例、联合修复的进展和降解转化机制进行梳理,同时对CAHs污染生物修复技术的影响因素进行概述,最后,对CAHs污染微生物修复技术的研究进行展望,未来应在采用微孔芯片与极限稀释技术开展低丰度降解菌的挖掘与解析、研发太阳能加热-生物原位修复等高效联合修复技术并分析修复效果影响因素等方面开展研究,以期为CAHs污染的高效、绿色治理提供技术支持。 相似文献
3.
土壤中特异性微生物与重金属相互作用机制与应用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
随着经济的发展,矿产资源的开采和利用程度越来越高,一方面发现有地表露头矿床的几率越来越小,另一方面其造成的重金属污染严重危害环境和人类健康。自然界中的微生物与扩散到环境中的重金属会产生相互作用,具有这种特异性的细菌既可应用于指示隐伏金属矿床,亦可应用于重金属污染生物修复。本文从特异性微生物与重金属相互作用微观机制、微生物找矿、重金属污染土壤的微生物修复三个方面,对其研究现状和进展进行了评述,重点对特异性微生物与重金属离子发生的吸附、累积与转化过程,微生物改变重金属元素分布、赋存状态和毒性作用机理,蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)与金的作用机制及其在寻找隐伏金矿的应用潜力,特异性微生物通过代谢产物吸附去除土壤中重金属元素及其辅助植物修复重金属污染等方面进行了介绍和阐述。 相似文献
4.
综述了电动力学技术的原理及其在受污染土壤和地下水修复方面的应用.电动力学技术利用电渗析、电迁移和电泳使土壤孔隙中的水和荷电离子或粒子发生迁移运动.大量研究表明,电动力学技术能够高效地去除土壤和地下水中的重金属离子.最新研究表明电动力学技术也能够直接去除有机污染物,其与生物修复优化组合有可能成为高效"绿色"修复技术.这种技术具有安装方便、操作简单和成本低廉的特点,而且不影响生态环境,是非常有发展前景的一种环境修复技术. 相似文献
5.
在地表环境中,铁氧化物矿物可以作为微生物胞外呼吸的终端电子受体/供体、电子储存介质或种间电子传递介质促进环境微生物的新陈代谢。本文介绍了矿物-微生物直接界面电子转移方式中,铁氧化物矿物与组成微生物跨膜电子传输链的细胞色素蛋白之间的氧化-还原反应机制及其影响因素,从分子水平刻画了微生物利用矿物进行胞外呼吸的过程,有助于深入理解微生物驱动的矿物转化和元素地球化学循环。 相似文献
6.
环境中高氯酸盐的来源、污染现状及其分析方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
高氯酸盐是一种持久性的无机污染物,它能够抑制碘的吸收并削弱甲状腺功能。随着高效灵敏的分离检测方法的发展,研究人员在多种环境介质中都检测到了高氯酸根,其环境污染问题引起了广泛的关注。最近的研究表明,环境中的高氯酸盐并非都来自于人为污染源及含有高氯酸盐的化肥,也有在大气中自然产生的,而且环境中存在大气来源的高氯酸根的背景值。在重点介绍了高氯酸盐的污染现状、分析方法以及自然条件下大气中产生高氯酸根的机理等方面的最新研究进展之后,提出今后应开展环境中高氯酸根背景值的调查研究。为此,应开发具有更低检出限的分析方法,并借助南极地区独特的地理优势开展南极雪冰中高氯酸盐的相关研究,从而获得不同历史时期环境中高氯酸根的背景值,并研究高氯酸根背景值的影响因素,为研究自然条件下大气中产生高氯酸根的机理提供基础数据。 相似文献
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8.
纳米零价铁原位注射修复地下水污染是近年发展的新技术,以往研究多侧重于单一目标污染物的去除效果及作用机理,但是地下水多种污染物共存问题不容忽视。本文针对典型污染物三氯乙烯TCE和六价铬Cr(Ⅵ),运用合成的活性高、稳定性强的膨润土负载纳米铁镍(B-Fe/Ni)开展修复实验,研究B-Fe/Ni对TCE和Cr(Ⅵ)共存复合污染的修复效果及其作用机制。通过一步法合成B-Fe/Ni,对TCE和不同浓度Cr(Ⅵ)混合污染的去除进行试验研究,对反应前后的样品B-Fe/Ni进行表征,并跟踪反应过程中TCE和Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度变化。结果表明:B-Fe/Ni同步去除水中TCE和Cr(Ⅵ)快速高效,50 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ)在2 h内能被B-Fe/Ni (1 g/L)完全去除而不受共存TCE(0. 1 mmol/L)的影响,然而TCE降解速率会随共存Cr(Ⅵ)的浓度(0、10、30、50 mg/L)增大而降低。经透射电镜-电子能谱及X射线光电子能谱表征验证,这是由于B-Fe/Ni与Cr(Ⅵ)快速反应,生成部分Fe-Cr共沉淀会覆盖B-Fe/Ni表面的活性位点,抑制了TCE的降解,但通过分析TCE降解产物可知,B-Fe/Ni同样能对TCE完全脱氯。因此,B-Fe/Ni适用于地下水复合污染修复,实际应用时需考虑多种污染物共存的相互影响,选择适宜试剂用量和注射方式,这对纳米零价铁修复技术的发展具有重要理论意义和应用参考价值。 相似文献
9.
利用厌氧微生物降解法, 以醋酸根为碳源, 考察了高氯酸盐在不同浓度的硝酸盐还原环境下的生物降解能力, 分析硝酸盐对高氯酸盐生物降解的影响.实验结果表明, 10mg/L的高氯酸盐在不同浓度硝酸盐环境下均可被富集培养物降解.20mg/L硝酸盐还原环境中, 高氯酸盐的降解未受到抑制; 在碳源充足的条件下, 100mg/L、200mg/L及500mg/L的硝酸盐环境中, 高氯酸盐降解出现滞后期, 分别为7d、13d和38d.反应初期, 高氯酸盐降解滞后是由于硝酸盐为优先级别较高的电子受体, 更易于被微生物利用.随着硝酸盐快速降解和亚硝酸盐的累积, 高氯酸盐降解停滞可能是由于电子竞争和较高浓度的亚硝酸盐对高氯酸盐降解菌酶活性产生毒性抑制这两方面共同作用的结果. 相似文献
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再生水入渗携带的抗生素污染是地下水污染的来源之一,已经成为城市地下水资源的安全中不可忽视的问题。抗生素对复杂和脆弱地下水环境中的微生物群落及其功能的影响值得关注。本研究基于利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序方法,对3月和9月两个月份再生水渗入区城市地下水中微生物群落结构进行分析。结合现场调查测试和室内分析,测得样品中离子(K~+、Na~+、Ca2+、Mg2+、NH~+4、F~-、Cl~-、SO■、NO~-3、NO~-2、HCO~-3、CO■)浓度,并采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术测得主要的抗生素浓度(环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、氧氟沙星、莫西沙星、磺胺吡啶和磺胺醋酰),对研究区地下水环境中微生物群落结构及与环境因子的响应规律进行探讨。结果表明：(1)研究区内3月份地下水中抗生素浓度要高于9月份整体抗生素浓度,以磺胺醋酰和环丙沙星为主,此外除了季节因素外,人类活动可能是影响抗生素分布的又一因素;(2)微生物群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria,81.0... 相似文献
12.
岩溶地下水为全球约25%的人口提供饮用水源,地下河作为主要岩溶地下水类型,是中国西南岩溶区重要供水水源,掌握其水质污染状况及人体健康风险,对岩溶区水资源保护与安全用水具有重要意义。本文以广西桂林会仙狮子岩地下河系统为例,采集地下河水样品22组(无机和有机样品各11组),采用电感耦合等离子体质谱、离子色谱、气相色谱-质谱等方法测定11项无机离子、10项金属元素及41项有机指标的质量浓度,运用单指标污染标准指数法、健康风险评价模型揭示了研究区无机与有机指标分布、污染及健康风险。结果表明：(1)狮子岩地下河水中无机超标指标有NH~+4(1.33倍)、Fe(1.2倍)、Al(1.5倍)和Mn(1.01倍),超标点多位于地下河排泄区;检出18项有机物,其中挥发性有机物(VOCs)、半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)和有机氯农药(OCPs)检出率分别为18.75%、30.77%和91.67%,研究区存在普遍的农药残留(49.14～109.83ng/L)。(2)与地下水对照值相比,研究区受到10项无机指标的轻度～中度污染、14项有机指标的轻度污染,个别采样点受到NO~-3<... 相似文献
13.
Water soluble components of PM10 Chongqing, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The concentrations of water soluble ions (Na+, NH4
+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3
-, Cl-, and SO
4
2-
) in PM10 samples collected on cellulose filters by a medium-volume cascade impactor were determined, which were obtained from three
kinds of areas in Chongqing: industrial area (Jiulongpo district), commercial and residential area (Jiangbei district) and
background area (Jinyun Mountain in the Beibei district). The results showed that except for the background site, the annual
average values of PM10 are 23% – 61% higher than the national air quality standard (GradeII) (0.1 mg/m3), even that the value of the control site is still 20% higher than American standard (0.05 mg/m3). This implied that serious pollution of fine particles occurred in Chongqing. Nine kinds of soluble ions in water of PM10 were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) and the annual average concentrations follow the order of [SO
4
2-
] > [NO3
-] > [Cl-] > [F-], and [Ca2+] > [NH4
+] > [K+] > [Na+] > [Mg2+]. Their values were different in these areas: the industrial area > the commercial and living area > the control area. As
for NH4
+, K+, Ca2+, NO3
- and SO
4
2-
, their seasonal average concentrations show a similar variation trend: the values in spring and fall were higher than those
in summer and winter. The seasonal average concentrations of [Cl-], [F-], [Na+] and [Mg2+] are much lower than those of other ions. However, the concentrations of [Na+] changed more greatly in different seasons than those of the other three ions. Correlation coefficients showed that the three
areas have been polluted by coal smoke and dust to different extents, while some local resources of pollution should be taken
into consideration as well. 相似文献
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Quality characterization of groundwater in the south-eastern part of the Ranga Reddy district,Andhra Pradesh,India 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hydrogeochemical investigations were carried out in the south-eastern part of the Ranga Reddy district, Hyderabad, India, to assess the quality of groundwater for its suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes. The area falls under a semi-arid type of climate and consists of granites and pegmatites of igneous origin of Archaean age. Forty-five representative groundwater samples were collected from bore wells to monitor the water chemistry of various ions, comprising Ca +2, Mg +2, Na +, K +, CO 3 -2, HCO 3 -, SO 4 -2, NO 3 -, Cl - and F -. The results showed that the concentrations of these ions are above the permissible limits for drinking and irrigation purposes. The pollution with respect to NO 3 -, Cl -, and F - is mainly attributed to the extensive use of fertilizers and large-scale discharge of municipal wastes into the open drainage system of the area. 相似文献
16.
Chandrashekhar Azad Vishwakarma Ratan Sen Neha Singh Priyadarshini Singh Vikas Rena Kumari Rina Saumitra Mukherjee 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,92(6):753-763
This paper focuses on the suitability of spring water for drinking and irrigation purposes in a part of eastern Himalaya, south Sikkim. There are many anthropogenic and geogenic factors contributing as a source of major cations and anions in the spring water. The spring water chemistry show a variation in EC, pH, TDS, Temperature, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Pb, Mn, Cu, HCO3-, Cl-, PO43-, NO3-, F- and SO42-. Mainly two types of water quality indexing has been used, one for suitability of spring water for drinking purposes and the other for irrigation purposes. For drinking purposes, Piper diagram used for determination of water type, water quality index (WQI) for quality monitoring and saturation index for mineral dissolution in water. % Na, RSC (Residual Sodium Carbon) and SAR (sodium absorption ratio) have been used for irrigation suitability. Piper diagram shows that CaHCO3 type of water was dominant in the study area. The WQI depicted excellent category and SAR, percent sodium and RSC (Residual Sodium Carbon) depict excellent, good and permissible category for irrigation purposes. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the major influencing factor responsible for the variability in the parameters analysed of spring water. 相似文献
17.
为研究大规模综合机械化采煤氮污染来源及影响程度,选取宁东煤炭基地侏罗纪煤田鸳鸯湖矿区的梅花井井田为研究对象,通过调查取样分析,对梅花井井田地下水三氮污染分布、物源、水文地质条件进行研究。结果表明:(1)宁东煤炭基地鸳鸯湖矿区梅花井井田三氮NH4+、NO3-、NO2-含量范围分别为0.06～0.12mg/L、4.67～234mg/L、0.01～2.01mg/L,与国家地下水质量标准Ⅲ类水质限值对比,NO2-达到重度或极严重污染,主要分布在潜水含水层;NO3-污染级别为中度、轻度污染,超标样点占调查样点的75%,垂向上已延伸到承压含水层。水平空间上无论矿权范围还是矿权外,污染样点均有存在。(2)部分水样中NO3-毫克当量百分数超过25%,对水化学类型产生影响。(3)煤矿区NO3-、NO2-的污染首先与丰富的物源有关,还受煤矿开采扰动、地形地貌条件、垂向补给径流、水文地球化学条件等因素的影响。研究结果为风积沙大型机械化煤矿开采区地下水氮污染的防治提供了可参考依据。 相似文献
18.
Natural processes and anthropogenic activities may result in the formation and/or introduction of perchlorate (ClO4−) at elevated levels into the environment. Perchlorate in soil environments on Earth and potentially in Mars may modify the dynamics of metal release and their mobilization. Serpentine soils, known for their elevated metal concentrations, provide an opportunity to assess the extent that perchlorate may enhance metal release and availability in natural soil and regolith systems. Here, we assess the release rates and extractability of Ni, Mn, Co and Cr in processed Sri Lankan serpentine soils using a range of perchlorate concentrations (0.10–2.50 w/v ClO4−) via kinetic and incubation experiments. Kinetic experiments revealed an increase of Ni, Mn, Co and Cr dissolution rates (1.33 × 10−11, 2.74 × 10−11, 3.05 × 10−12 and 5.35 × 10−13 mol m−2 s−1, respectively) with increasing perchlorate concentrations. Similarly, sequential and single extractions demonstrated that Ni, Mn, Co and Cr increased with increasing perchlorate concentrations compared to the control soil (i.e., considering all extractions: 1.3–6.2 (Ni), 1.2–126 (Mn), 1.4–34.6 (Co) and 1.2–6.4 (Cr) times greater than the control in all soils). Despite the oxidizing capability of perchlorate and the accelerated release of Cr, the dominant oxidation state of Cr in solution was Cr(III), potentially due to low pH (<2) and Cr(VI) instability. This implies that environmental remediation of perchlorate enriched sites must not only treat the direct hazard of perchlorate, but also the potential indirect hazard of related metal contamination. 相似文献
19.
Yuling Zhang Hong Qian Jiali Wang Chaoqun Si Zhiyu Chen Jiangyan Dang Zhenyi Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(2):90
The objective of this paper was to investigate a petroleum-contaminated groundwater site in northeast China. Based on the monitoring and analysis of environmental characteristics of groundwater slightly contaminated with petroleum, microbes were added into the petroleum-contaminated groundwater via single-well and multiple-well models to enhance bioremediation. The effect of enhanced bioremediation was monitored and analyzed, and variations in the environmental characteristics of groundwater containing total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were identified to provide a scientific basis for controlling and remediating petroleum-contaminated groundwater. Findings confirmed that this site was slightly contaminated and TPH levels exhibited a slight decreasing trend. After enhanced remediation, the microbial degradation effect was large, and the TPH concentration significantly reduced. In particular, near the wells treated by bioremediation, the amounts of electron acceptors, such as NO3 ?, Fe3+, and SO4 2?, markedly decreased. The product of the microbial degradation process, HCO3 ?, gradually increased in the treated wells. Activities of the enzyme catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase decreased, while those of catalase increased. Reductions in pH, from 7.4 to 6.1, were recorded, and the groundwater environment became further deoxidized. 相似文献
20.
为了研究祁连山大雪山地区大气PM2.5细粒子中可溶性无机离子组分的变化特征, 于2010年7月至2011年7月在祁连山冰川与生态环境综合观测站附近采集46个大气PM2.5的Telfon滤膜样品, 并应用离子色谱对可溶性离子进行了分析.结果显示: 所测样品的阴、 阳离子中, SO42-、 NO-3、 Ca2+和NH+4的质量浓度分别为1.54μg·m-3、 0.38μg·m-3、 0.73μg·m-3和0.22μg·m-3, 累计约占到水溶性离子总量的88%.可溶性离子浓度呈现出春夏季节明显高于秋冬季节的特征, 夏季的浓度最高, 其次是春季、 冬季和秋季. Cl-、 Ca2+、 Na+和Mg2+之间的相关性极高, SO42-和NO-3与大部分阳离子的相关性都很高, 说明大部分硫酸盐是来自于中亚沙尘源区的自然源, 而并非是通过人类活动造成的一次污染物通过二次反应过程得到的. NH+4仅与SO42-通过相关性检验说明, 该地区NH3主要中和了大气中硫酸并生成(NH4)2SO4.该地区的大气环境主要来源于自然源的影响, 但夏季风期间人为污染排放已经不可忽视, 这也得到HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式的计算验证. 相似文献