共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
John W. Elrick 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(7):860-876
ABSTRACTTaking up experiments in “civic innovation” as windows into the making of new urban worlds, I attempt in this essay to map out the parameters of a novel framework for municipal rule and account for the conditions underlying its ascendance in San Francisco, CA. I explore how productions of urban space and nature today serve as the means and objects of an emerging mode of government premised on yoking all forms of urban activity to the dictates of innovation. When proponents of civic innovation pursue particular forms of intervention in the built environment to constitute urban subjects as human capital, they imbibe, reproduce, and enact normative notions about the nature of the city as a problem to manage. Though the project of civic innovation is neither complete nor inevitable, the political vision animating it entails the subsumption of urban life as such within a rubric of decision making modeled on the market. 相似文献
2.
A GEOGRAPHY OF THE VENTURE CAPITAL INDUSTRY IN THE U. S.* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The venture capital industry in the U.S. has important implications for the growth of “high tech”industries and the viability of the small firm sector. Venture capital is provided largely through independent firms, quasi-public Small Business Investment Corporations (SBICs) and corporate subsidiaries. The regional distribution of VC firms has changed over time but New York, Massachusetts, and California account for one-half of the current firms. An analysis of regional flows of VC investment reveals that California, Massachusetts and Texas were the leading recipient states while the Plains region receives the least amount of capital. Given the concentrations of VC activity, a regional mismatch in the supply of and demand for such funds may exist. The investment needs of small firms, the employment impacts of the VC industry, and the matching of VC supply and demand are seen as useful research directions. 相似文献
3.
《Urban geography》2013,34(1):46-69
This paper examines the geography of institutional stock ownership for 603 major publicly traded companies. Linkages between cities are created using the stockownership levels between headquarters cities of investors and headquarters cities of firms. Both cartographic and statistical methods show that the urban connections describe a highly selective network of high-order urban centers. New York City is the dominant city, followed by Boston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. A simple gravity model, used to test the level of the effect of space on market perfection, explains a substantial portion of the investment-defined network. Differences between the levels of investment by different classes of institutional investors also are revealed. 相似文献
4.
Emily Rosenman 《Urban geography》2013,34(8):1124-1147
Social impact investing differentiates itself from traditional investing by claiming to create public social benefits alongside private profits. Globally, municipal governments are increasingly looking to this model to fund urban social services and poverty management. Through a case study of social impact investing in affordable housing in the San Francisco Bay Area, I deconstruct the financial and ideological underpinnings of this model to understand how private profits are drawn from local geographies of impoverishment. Analyzing social impact investing as a poverty politics reveals how it places preexisting, state-subsidized systems of poverty management into social impact investing portfolios, dividing impoverished spaces into new hierarchies of deservingness by incorporating private investors’ visions of what will help low-income tenants. But these processes also fail to subsume social life within housing financed in this manner, as tenant practices subverting those idealized by the state and investors persist alongside the generation of private profits. 相似文献
5.
BRIAN J. GODFREY 《Geographical review》1997,87(3):309-333
ABSTRACT. San Francisco has arisen as an “instant city” not once but three times: after the California Gold Rush (1849–1875), following the 1906 earthquake and fire (1906–1930), and with the modern high-rise city (1960–1985). These pivotal periods of intense city building, each about twenty-five years in duration, have been separated by a generation of relative stability. Current redevelopment activity raises an intriguing historical-geographical question: Is a fourth instant city in the making? 相似文献
6.
Erin McElroy 《Urban geography》2019,40(6):826-845
ABSTRACTThis article situates the 2015 rebranding of Zuckerberg San Francisco General within San Francisco’s technopolitical landscape. After Facebook’s CEO Mark Zuckerberg donated to the hospital, thereby acquiring naming rights, local toponymical tension percolated. This was in part due to Facebook’s gentrifying role in the city and the racial violence such processes constitute, as well as ongoing practices data colonialism. The latter includes Facebook’s attempt at pairing hospital data with user data in order to augment its scope into intimate and bodily geographies. In exploring the intertwining of gentrification and data colonialism, here I forge the concept of techno-imperialism as an analytic and as a point of departure in understanding Facebook’s multi-scalar impacts. As I suggest, the transformation of “The General” to “The Zuckerberg” indexes the company's techno-imperiality, as well as its efforts to mask its dispossessive impacts. 相似文献
7.
在梳理国内外城市规划评估体检实践与研究进展、总结北京城市体检评估机制的基础上,构建北京“四个中心”建设体检评估的框架,基于国际比较视角遴选指标定性定量分析相结合进行体检评估。体检评估结果表明：① 北京的全国政治中心服务保障能力显著提升,展现出大国首都形象;② 北京的全国文化中心地位进一步增强,但公共文化服务供给能力与世界知名城市存在差距,缺少具有国际影响力的文化品牌;③ 虽然国际交往环境及配套服务水平不断提升,但北京的国际组织规模影响力与大国首都地位不匹配,对国际游客的吸引力不强;④ 尽管北京已初步建成具有全球影响力的科技创新中心,创新对高质量发展支撑能力待增强。未来,北京应当坚持以首都发展为统领,大力加强“四个中心”功能建设、提高“四个服务”水平,提升在全球城市体系中的地位,扩大北京作为大国首都在世界的影响力。北京城市体检应重视城市定位体检、加强各参与方的交流合作、拓宽体检评价的国际视野、动态调整体检评价指标、探索高频时空数据分析技术的应用。 相似文献
8.
利用2005—2018年长三角城市群27个城市风险投资事件和联合专利申请数据,构建风险投资网络和绿色技术创新网络,采用二次指派程序方法探究地理、经济、制度和社会邻近性对风险投资网络和绿色技术创新网络耦合协调发展的影响。结果表明：研究期内,风险投资网络与绿色技术创新网络耦合协调水平不断上升,高协调水平区域在空间上呈“Z”型格局,整体协调水平从内陆城市向沿海城市逐渐提高;4项邻近性指标对2个网络耦合协调发展的影响存在差异：经济邻近性、风险投资网络的社会邻近性和制度邻近性对2个网络耦合协调发展有显著促进作用,绿色技术创新网络的社会邻近性和制度邻近性对2个网络耦合协调发展影响不显著。 相似文献
9.
Ted Rutland 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):359-384
In early twentieth-century Halifax, municipal policies of property taxation and assessment became an important object of political discussion and contestation. Central to these political contests was a particular, theoretically informed distinction between “land” and “improvements.” This distinction would ultimately ground a set of changes in municipal taxation and assessment (introduced between 1914 and 1918) and would help to constitute a new and consequential logic of state action within property relations. Drawing on the literature on property “enactment,” this article examines how early twentieth-century struggles over municipal taxation and assessment reshaped the prevailing understanding of real property in the city of Halifax. Consistent with existing research, I demonstrate how a new perspective on property—including a new distinction between land and improvements—gradually came into being through a series of performances, practices and material devices. Embedded within this new perspective, crucially, was a specific logic of dispossession, a new and calculative rationale for the expropriation and redevelopment of the city’s “underimproved” land. While the literature on property enactment has quite often investigated practices of dispossession, I point out that its analysis of dispossession’s logic or rationale has tended to be confined to a single property theorist, John Locke, and his justifiably famous distinction between land and improvements. Emphasizing the rather different, post-Lockean conception of property that emerged in early twentieth-century Halifax, I suggest that more attention ought to be paid to the multiple and varying logics of dispossession that are liable to be contained within prevailing property enactments. 相似文献
10.
中国创业投资城市网络空间结构演变研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用2007年和2017年创业投资事件数据和社会网络分析法构建中国地级及以上城市网络关系,分析种子期、初创期、扩张期和成熟期4个投资阶段创业投资城市网络的空间结构演变特征并对其影响因素进行计量分析。研究发现：4个阶段的创业投资城市网络均形成以三大城市群为核心联系区域的网络结构,并且均具有明显的高行政级别城市指向性;城市网络密度和中心化趋势均不断增强,且中后期阶段的紧密程度和协同化发展趋势领先于早期阶段;京沪深在4个阶段均演变为集聚力和辐射力前三甲城市;4个阶段的城市创业投资集聚力均呈现出向网络核心城市进一步集中的态势,而创业投资辐射力则呈现出显著的分异性;市场规模、创业企业发展基础和政府支持是影响创业投资城市网络空间结构演变的主要因素。 相似文献
11.
Sarah Barns 《Urban geography》2016,37(4):554-571
Investment in the release of open data has become increasingly central to the implementation of smart city programs by governments around the world. Though originally arising out of a push towards “open government” and the pursuit of more transparent decision-making by public authorities at multiple scales, open data programs have more recently been adopted by municipal governments to support entrepreneurial goals of enhanced competitive positioning and attracting investment. As urban scholars now subject the smart city project to critical scrutiny for its role in advancing urban entrepreneurialism, this article considers the relevance of the open data agenda as it shapes wider understandings of the smart city. In particular, I address the collection of policy practices, aspirations, stakeholders and entrepreneurs active in framing the opportunities and values of open data for urban governments. Both the momentum of support for open data, along with a recent shift in the rhetorical aspirations of the open data movement away from the values of openness and transparency and towards a more confined focus on value generation, raise important critical questions for urban geographers concerned with the nature of urban governance in an age of big data. 相似文献
12.
Sharad Chari 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(2):169-183
This paper addresses questions of ethnography in geographic fieldwork through research conducted on globalisation and work in Tiruppur, an industrial boomtown in South India. During the last two decades of the twentieth century, Tiruppur town in western Tamilnad State became India's centrepiece in the export of garments made of knitted cloth. This industrial boom has been organised through networks of small firms integrated through intricate subcontracting arrangements controlled by local capital of Gounders from modest agrarian and working‐class origins. In effect, the whole town works like a decentralised factory for the global economy, but with local capital of peasant‐worker origins at the helm. My research explores the historical geographic trajectories linking agrarian and industrial work, and the ways in which these histories are used in the present. In these uses of the past in remaking self and place, I interrogate the self‐presentations of Tiruppur's entrepreneurs, as these “self‐made men” hinge their retrospective narratives of class mobility and industrial success on their propensity to “toil”. This paper explores questions of ethnographic method emerging from a political‐economic context in which globalisation has worked by turning “toil” into capital. 相似文献
13.
Betsy Donald 《The Professional geographer》2002,54(2):190-203
This article presents an analysis of the relationship between urban governance restructuring, and global, national, and local action through a case study of the Toronto city‐region. The Toronto city‐region recently underwent a massive reorganization of its governance structures, functions, and jurisdictional boundaries. This restructuring raises questions about why these changes occurred at this particular juncture in the region's history. Why did the city that had always been known in the academic and political discourse as the “city that works” stop “working”? What global and national forces might have accounted for such a radical restructuring? And what did local action contribute? These questions are explored in both historical and contemporary contexts by drawing on insights from regulation theory, urban regime theory, and an analysis of Canada's changing fiscal federalism. This approach informs the role that institutions — regardless of their origin or territorial scope — play in sustaining a local accumulation system, and how this “local” accumulation grounds a national regulatory mode and regime of accumulation. The approach also explores the relationship between regime and regulation theories in the context of policy formation and institution building. The study concludes that the current policy set is incapable of resolving the region's crisis tendencies. Notwithstanding external forces, the current policy set is not inevitable. Globalization does not predetermine all spatial‐economic outcomes. 相似文献
14.
James L. Wilson 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):624-626
In this article, we examine graffiti abatement policies and programs in three West Coast U.S. cities: Portland, San Francisco, and Seattle. Through this analysis, several similarities in the graffiti abatement efforts of each city emerged. Since the 1990s, graffiti abatement efforts in these cities have become increasingly formalized and coordinated. By the early 2000s, the cities of Portland, San Francisco, and Seattle adopted zero-tolerance approaches toward handling graffiti and those caught making graffiti. City governments have placed increasing responsibility for cleaning up graffiti on private property onto property owners. Despite the increased coordination and effort, annual abatement estimates are hard to obtain because tracking spending on graffiti abatement across agencies and bureaus is difficult and often the cities do not comprehensively compile these data. 相似文献
15.
ROBERT ARGENBRIGHT 《Geographical review》2013,103(1):20-36
In this article I examine Moscow's role in the political‐economic space of the Russian Federation. A broad range of data supports the thesis that the capital has become a primate city, one that serves no longer as the command center of a closed system but as the primary node of interconnection between Russia and the rest of the world. The effort to create a larger, polycentric “New Moscow” next to the ancient capital is marked by a tightening of central control, in contrast to governance regimes of European megaregions. Nevertheless, expansion of the capital region very likely will further boost Moscow's dominance over the country. 相似文献
16.
Drastic urbanization has taken place in China during the last two decades. Recently, a considerable number of “ghost cities” have emerged due to the extensive and unreasonable urban expansion which far exceeds the practical demand. In order to investigate “ghost cities”, we proposed a feasible framework by utilizing multi-source remote sensing datasets, including nighttime light imagery, land cover type products and population grid. After eliminating blooming effect of nighttime imagery by a proposed modified optimal threshold method (MOTM) and extracting built-up area from land cover type products, we developed a “ghost city” index (GCI) to quantify and evaluate the intensity of “ghost city” phenomenon in Yangtze River Delta at county/district level. The GCI was established according to the intrinsic features of “ghost cities”, comprising three criteria: consistency of lit area and built-up area, illumination intensity and population density. Then, we explored the spatial pattern of “ghost cities” of different GCI categories and the ternary contour was applied to demonstrate the key factor among three criteria. Our finding implies that “ghost cities” are prominently spatial clustered. Meanwhile, counties and new development zones have higher risk of suffering from the phenomenon, while capital cities and municipal cities have an alleviative effect for ambient regions. Besides, regions with higher intensity of the phenomenon tend to have less balanced composition among three criteria. Our results show good consistency with previous reports and studies, providing a more objective and spatial explicit insight into the “ghost city” phenomenon. Our findings do not only prove the capability of monitoring “ghost cities” using remote sensing data, but would also be beneficial to urban planning and regional sustainable development. 相似文献
17.
Zero graffiti for a beautiful city: the cultural politics of urban space in San Francisco 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
San Francisco, like many cities in the United States and across the world, has an official zero-tolerance policy on graffiti. In this article, we examine the academic literature concerned with graffiti and then present a case study of zero-tolerance abatement policies in San Francisco. Our analysis yields three main findings. First, zero-tolerance policy stimulates an anti-graffiti industry with vested interest in perpetuating an endless war for control of public space. Second, zero tolerance may generate an unintended result—the proliferation of tags and other forms of graffiti that people tend to dislike the most. Third, we find little evidence that the general public shares the same desire for zero tolerance as the San Francisco Government. Ultimately, we believe that more nuanced readings of graffiti allow greater numbers of people to make sensible, local, place-specific policies regarding graffiti. 相似文献
18.
为探究高铁通车对中国城市创业投资网络的影响,论文以2001—2017年间投资于中国大陆的41692件跨城市创业投资事件为样本,研究高铁通车对城市创业投资网络集聚力、辐射力和联系中介力的影响,并进一步探讨其作用机制。渐进双重差分模型(渐进DID模型)分析表明,高铁通车可以提高城市可达性,降低创业投资活动主体的综合交易成本,促进创新创业要素资源跨区流动,对创业投资网络集聚力、辐射力和联系中介力产生正向影响。中心城市的创业投资网络受高铁通车带来的正向影响更强。同时,高铁通车对创业投资网络最优作用范围依投资中心呈环形分布,投资中心辐射半径100~200 km的地区,创业投资网络集聚力、辐射力和联系中介力受高铁通车正向影响要明显强于100 km以内和200 km以外地区。此外,风险性低、回报稳定和市场化程度更高的扩张期和成熟期阶段的创业投资网络集聚力、辐射力和联系中介力受高铁通车影响较种子期和初创期阶段更为显著。 相似文献
19.
It is hypothesized that self-defined mixed-race persons live in residentially mixed areas in the largest metropolitan areas in California. The hypothesis is tested by examining the distribution of mixed-race persons among ethnically and racially diverse and nondiverse neighborhoods in the San Francisco and Los Angeles Metropolitan Areas. The research confirmed that mixed-race individuals are more likely to live in areas with ethnic diversity and that the tendency is greater for the mixed-race population in the San Francisco–Oakland Metropolitan Areas than in the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area. Mixed-race individuals live in neighborhoods which are diverse with mixes of all four major ethnic and racial groups, and in “well-off” (but not the most affluent) neighborhoods. The study also shows that the mixed-race population is youthful. The association of mixed-race individuals and racially integrated neighborhoods will have important implications for the evolving nature of spatial integration in California specifically, and the United States more generally. 相似文献
20.
中国上市企业总部的区位分布和集聚特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
大企业总部是决策和控制中心,掌握着巨大的资源分配权,其决策将影响到地区甚至国家的发展。因此,大企业总部的数量关系到一个国家和地区的竞争力和影响力,研究大企业总部的分布和集聚有重要的理论和政策意义。本研究考察了截至2011年底中国2320家上市企业总部在城市的分布及集聚特征,有以下主要发现:①中国的上市企业总部分布和总体产业空间格局较为一致,即高度集聚在我国的东部沿海城市,尤其是长三角、珠三角和京津冀地区。②中国的企业总部高度集聚在高行政级别的城市,具体而言即大量集中在首都、直辖市、副省级和省会城市。③北京、上海和深圳是中国企业总部最为集聚的城市,不仅企业总部数量最多,而且企业的规模也最大,尤其是北京拥有超强的掌控力。而且,北京、上海和深圳几乎在所有产业领域都表现出绝对的领先优势。④和国际上发达国家比较,中国的企业总部在空间上的集聚程度较低,东部沿海发达地区的总部数量占全国比重仍在上升,北京、上海和深圳等大城市的上市企业总部数量增长要明显快于全国其他地区,其地位还在进一步强化。⑤企业总部的数量和城市的金融业发展水平、机场条件、经济规模、经济全球化水平、城市的规模等级、行政等级等呈现出高度的正向相关关系。 相似文献