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西北地震综合预报清理攻关组 《地震工程学报》1989,11(2):61-69
本文初步总结了西北地区近十几年来地震综合预报的探索与进展。结果表明,在中长期趋势预测方面,对多数5级以上破坏性地震已具有测震学监测基础,综合预测结果基本上通过了统计检验;在短临预测方面仅对乌鲁木齐地区和兰州、银川、西安和武都范围以内发生的6 1/2级以上地震具有初步的监测基础。由19个震例获得以测震学资料为主的中长期趋势异常共73项,以地下水位、水氧、地电和地磁资料为主的短临异常共59项。本文概述了有关异常的特征和综合预报思路,讨论了有关问题和动向。 相似文献
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以晋、冀、内蒙交界区４次中强震为研究对象,通过多项预报方法对震例的统一检验,找出了４次地震前地震活动异常的共性特征,以此为统计对象,制定了该区域的地震学预报指标。 相似文献
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基于《中国震例(1966-2012)》涉及到的266次震例资料,建立了具有开放性的异常信息数据库。数据库包含了在地震前普遍存在的可量化统计的11项(地震条带、空区、平静、b值、前震、频度、震群、震情窗口、波速比、视应力与震源机制解一致性)测震学异常信息。采用轻量化的GIS平台编制了"基于震例的测震学异常辅助判定系统",该系统具有3大功能:(1)查询功能。查询11项异常的定义、基本原理、适用范围、主要参考文献等信息;查询在某次震例前某个异常的图件;查询关于11项异常的重要研究成果图件;查询完整的《中国震例》PDF版;查询190余篇与11项异常相关的研究论文PDF版。(2)统计与绘图功能。统计并绘制包括中国大陆、省界、构造分区及自定义多边形、矩形等不同区域内所有震例前出现的11项异常信息与主震震级、发震时间与地点间的统计关系图。(3)存储功能。可将图件保存到目标文件夹。该系统为地震预测人员开展测震学异常判定及预测指标提取等工作提供了辅助决策平台。 相似文献
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本文在短临预报指标研究的基础上，综合考虑各指标在综合预报中的作用，并用层次分析法计算出了参与滇西地震综合预测的各指标的综合权重值，最后进行系统合成，从而对滇西地区的地震的发震时间、地点进行定量化的预测，而对强度预测，而在发震时间预测的前提下，综合考虑指标异常出现的项次及持继时间长短（孕报期的长短），来综合判定预测强度。所得结果，通过１９７５年以来滇西地区２３次Ｍｓ≥５．０级地震检验，时间预测对应率 相似文献
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针对安徽中西部地区近年来出现多项测震学指标异常情况。利用震主介质参数方法进行也跟踪分析,结果认为该区域,尤其是两条小震活动带交汇区域,存在着发生中等地震的震源与介质背景。 相似文献
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唐山7.8级地震震后异常综合分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对唐同山７．８级地震各前兆学科共１８９个测项的震后变化进行了归类统计与分析，讨论了震后变化的５种类型数量上的差异特征与后续地震的关系，分析了震后异常的分布特征与后续地震区及其地震活动异常的对应关系，认为利用前兆学科的震后变化的某些综合特征配合测震学进行了震后趋势判断有实用价值。 相似文献
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华北地区强震前兆空间动态场中短期综合预报研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过８０多种测震学指标的筛选和多种稳定性试验,探索以一种新的指标筛选法－“对比筛选法”选取地震学单参数,在此基础上提取地震学综合预报指标Ｐ值。由此,发展了一种新的测震学的定量综合预报方法ＳＱＩＰ。同时研究了非测震学前兆综合指标ＰＰ值的确定和应用效果检验及其空间扫描的动态显示,尝试了震兆指标和前兆指标联合应用于地震预报的研究。以动态的思维逻辑不断追踪地震活动的异常行为,判定地震在中短期的危险地点。就 相似文献
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预测发震时间的水氡滑动变化率值及其检验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了水氡滑动变化率的计算公式，滑动变化率的演化与地震时间的统计关系，据此给出了水氡滑动变化率值发震时间预测的步骤、判断指标和方法。结合震例，对预测效能进行了评价。检验性预测结果表明，预测的发震期限为1－12个月，平均5．1个月。该方法可以用于强震中短期预报。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献