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1.
采用X射线衍射、偏光显微镜和扫描电镜对赋存在临泽县北部杨台洼滩盆地中白杨河组地层上部凹凸棒石黏土的矿物成分、形貌和赋存状态进行了研究。结果表明,矿物成分除黏土矿物外,还含有石英、长石、方解石、白云石、石膏等其他矿物。黏土矿物以凹凸棒石和伊利石为主,还含有一定量的绿泥石、高岭石和伊蒙混层矿物。白杨河组地层沉积时期为干旱气候,盆地中的水体不断蒸发使得石膏沉积下来,致使水体中Mg~(2+)和Ca~(2+)的比率和水体的碱性增大。在富Mg~(2+)、碱性的介质条件中,二氧化硅胶体和Mg~(2+)、Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)随着水体的蒸发结晶析出凹凸棒石。 相似文献
2.
岫岩玉是我国的主要玉种之一,属于蛇纹石玉。在X射线衍射、红外光谱、可见光吸收谱,及电子显微镜等项研究确切查明主体矿物为叶蛇纹石的基础上,选两个优质玉样进行~(57)Fe穆斯堡尔谱学研究。岫岩玉的穆斯堡尔谱由两组四级双峰构成,第一组双峰(δ=1.12,△=2.73与2.72mm/s)系由镁氧八面体中的Fe~(2+)形成,另组双峰(δ=0.35与0.36,△=0.63与0.55mm/s)反映的是镁氧八面体中的Fe~(3+),Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)分别为0.90与0.78。铁是参与叶蛇纹石晶格的组分;Fe~(3+)与Fe~(2+)均处镁氧八面体中;Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)近于与小于1是制约它呈绿色的主要因素。 相似文献
3.
和田玉、玛纳斯碧玉和岫岩老玉（透闪石玉）的X射线粉晶衍射特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
软玉主要是指透闪石阳起石铁阳起石系列中的低铁富镁端员的隐晶矿物集合体,矿物的名称常以其Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)值来区分,即该比值大于0.9时为透闪石(和田玉),比值为0.9～0.5时为阳起石(玛纳斯玉).对于产于新疆、辽宁(岫岩老玉)和青海的17件软玉样品进行了X射线粉晶衍射分析,确定其主要矿物成分均为透闪石,杂质矿物很少,衍射峰位与FeO含量之间的关系不明显,衍射峰形的弥散反映组成矿物的结晶程度和粒度变化. 相似文献
4.
海绿石是一种浅海相沉积指示矿物,形成成熟的海绿石需1Ma。本文以含铁量很低的蒙脱石和0.1mol/LFe~(3+)、0.2mol/LK~+的离子溶液分别为初始物质在50℃恒温环境和不同的pH、Eh条件下,模拟海绿石化过程,并通过XRD、FTIR、SEM、ESR等检测反应产物。研究发现,在SEM下观察到球形纳米颗粒的海绿石出现;同时XRD谱图上除出现云母类矿物的001衍射峰外,还出现d值为0.1520nm和0.1498nm的代表海绿石和铁伊利石的060特征衍射峰。pH和氧化还原条件对产物的影响比较显著,pH为酸性时出现海绿石和铁伊利石的组合,其红外吸收谱中出现AlFe~(2+)OH或Mg~(2+)Fe~(3+)OH(3547~3562cm~(-1))、Fe~(3+)Fe~(3+)OH的伸缩振动峰,与之相应的ESR中出现g=1.978的八面体位Fe~(3+)的共振峰;当pH介于中性的时候,红外光谱谱图上出现明显的AlFe~(2+)OH、Mg~(2+)Fe~(3+)OH(3550~3562cm~(-1))和Al~(3+)Fe~(3+)OH(870cm~(-1))振动;pH为碱性时,出现Fe~(3+)Mg~(2+)OH(3560cm~(-1))振动;上述红外吸收振动的出现表明Fe~(3+)已经进入了蒙脱石结构的八面体位。蒙脱石在上述条件下发生明显的改变,发生海绿石化或铁伊利石化,pH和氧化还原条件对结果的影响比较显著,酸性的环境中海绿石化显著,而中性至碱性的环境则发生铁伊利石化。 相似文献
5.
浙江渡船头“伊利石”应属绢云母 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
渡船头云母状矿物长期以来被称为“伊利石”,近期经过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、差热分析(DTA)、电子显微镜(EM)观察及化学组成等研究后显示:这种呈薄鳞片状、粒度很细(一般小于5μm)、结晶度高的矿物,其d(002)=9.95?,为2M多型,出现特征的3625cm~(-1)、3450cm~(-1)、1020cm~(-1)、935cm~(-1)、825cm~(-1)、799cm~(-1)、755cm~(-1)、543cm~(-1)、480cm~(-1)红外吸收和40—70℃、106.4—111.2℃两弱吸热谷及630—670℃强吸热谷;矿物MgO小于0.25%,结构中八面体Mg~(2+)量小于0.03,以Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)为主,八面体电荷为-0.052—+0.048/O_(10)(OH)_2,K_2O一般大于9%。上述这些均表明,渡船头“伊利石”应属绢云母。 相似文献
6.
电气石岩——一种和矿化有关的岩石类型 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
电气石是一种复杂的含水、氟、氯硅酸盐矿物族,其一般分子式为WX_3Y_6(BO_3)_3Si_3O_(18)(OH,F,Cl),其中W=Na~+、Ca~(2+)、K~+,X=Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Li~+、Mg~(2+)、Mn~(2+),Y=Al~(3+)、Fe~(3+)、Cr~(3+)、V~(3+)。该矿物族存在许多端员矿物,如黑电气石、镁电气石和钙镁电气石等。电气石在很大范围的温压条件下稳定,故其可提供有关岩浆或流体的一些信息,如P、T、fo_2、α_(H_2O)、α_(F)~-、Mg/(Mg+Fe)比值等(Plimer,1988);同时该矿物类质同象替换十分复杂,其常量元素组成可提供其形成的地质体系化学组成的线索,Henry和Guidotti(1985)在Al-∑Fe-Mg和Ca-∑Fe-Mg三角图解上确定了不同类型岩石中电气石的特定区域。电 相似文献
7.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(2)
蛇纹石化橄榄岩是温都尔庙蛇绿岩套中最为重要的岩石类型,主要矿物组合为蛇纹石+碳酸盐矿物+磁铁矿+滑石。富SiO_2流体的加入,促使岩石进一步发生蛇纹石化作用而缺失水镁石。穆斯堡尔谱测量揭示了铁元素化学种的分布特征,蛇纹石化程度与氧化-还原特征的相关性。蛇纹石化橄榄岩含铁总量和Fe~(3+)的分布与磁铁矿和蛇纹石密切相关,Fe~(3+)以分布于蛇纹石中占优势。这对正确估算蛇纹石化过程中H_2的生成量有十分重要的意义,对估算俯冲带Fe~(3+)输入和评估原生地幔岩的蛇纹石化作用有重要参考价值。 相似文献
8.
关于云母族矿物的红外光谱研究,国内外一些学者曾做过不少工作。笔者就近年来所收集到的一些产自宁芜地区、南岭地区花岗岩类岩石中27个黑云母样品,进行了红外光谱测定,确定了某些特征吸收峰的偏移及其与化学组分之间的关系,并探讨了黑云母矿物中主要金属阳离子的相互置换和晶体结构的关系。 黑云母属三八面体型的2∶1层状结构硅酸盐矿物。结构中上下四面体片(T)以尖顶相对,中间夹氢氧镁石型[Mg—O_4(OH)_2]八面体片(O),构成T—O—T型结构层。占有四面体晶位的阳离子主要为Si,约有1/4的Si可被R~(3+)(主要为Al~(3+)、次为Fe~(3+))取代。占有八面体晶位的阳离子主要为Mg~(2+)或Fe~(2+),次为Fe~(3+)、Al~(3+)、Mn~(2+)等。由T—O—T所组成的结构层则通过层间大阳离子K~+(少量的Na~+、Ca~(2+)等)彼此相连接。结构 相似文献
9.
设施农业中土壤重金属污染问题日趋严重。由于土壤中矿物、腐植酸、微生物等多相组分之间存在交互作用,重金属与土壤单组分体系中所获得的结合机制并不能真实有效地评价其在自然条件下的转化与归趋。本研究以蒙脱石(Mont)和高岭石(Kao)为辽宁蔬菜大棚及农田土壤层状硅酸盐代表矿物,选取胡敏酸(HA)为有机质代表,土著微生物革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,B.s)、革兰氏阴性恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida,P.p)为细菌微生物代表,以此三元体系为主要供试蔬菜大棚土壤组分,以Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)为目标元素,借助宏观吸附实验,结合X射线衍射(XRD)、衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)测试分析了Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)在矿物-腐植酸-细菌三元混合物上的吸附机理以及Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)在复合体上的结合机制。研究结果表明,蒙脱石/高岭石-腐殖酸、蒙脱石/高岭石-B.s及蒙脱石/高岭石-P.p二元复合体对Cd~(2+)及Cu~(2+)的吸附具有加和性,矿物-腐植酸-微生物三元复合体之间表现为拮抗作用。吸附动力学研究表明矿物、有机质、微生物复合体对重金属的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型。体系对Cu~(2+)的吸附能力由强到弱为:B. s P. p Mont/Kao-B. s Mont/Kao-P. p Mont/KaoHA-P.p Mont/Kao-HA Mont/Kao。 相似文献
10.
辉锑锡铅矿是结构复杂而尚未确定,以及晶体化学尚有争议的一种稀有矿物。X射线衍射结果表明其结构是由假四方亚层(称T层)和假六方亚层(称H层)穿插组成的层状结构。T层的化学成分具有MeS形式,H层则具有MeS_2形式。本文通过广西大厂的辉锑锡铅矿的穆斯堡尔谱研究,确定了矿物中Sn的大部分为Sn~(4+),而Sn~(2+)只占较少的部分;Fe中含有Fe~(3+)和Fe~(3+)。它们在T层和H层中的分布为Sn~(2+)(T)占5.6%,Sn~(4+)(T)占25.9%,Sn~(4+)(H)占68.5%,Fe~(2+)(T)占59.5%,Fe~(3+)(H)占40.5%。从Sn、Fe的穆斯堡尔谱参数还可看出H层的共价性比T层的强。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
15.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
16.
正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology, 相似文献
18.
正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.) 相似文献
19.
正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se- 相似文献
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正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with 相似文献