共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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准确、快速计算水平层状VTI(vertical transverse isotropic)介质的走时和射线路径是实现VTI介质地震叠前时间偏移和微地震监测速度建模的基础.水平层状VTI介质射线追踪的常用算法包括打靶法和最短路径法.打靶法原理简单、实现容易,但在长偏移距时存在微小初射角度变化导致射线路径巨大扰动的问题;最短路径法原理直观,但需要沿射线群速度方向(群角)计算走时,计算特定群角对应的群速度值需要先搜索对应的相速度角度(相角),显著降低了计算效率.本文综合打靶法和最短路径法的优点,从震源同时出射一系列射线,以这些射线到达界面的交点构成稀疏的网格节点,自适应加密实现检波点周围网格节点间距高于精度要求,采用插值算法获得检波点的走时和动态网格方法获得不位于网格节点上的检波点的射线路径.本文方法严格计算已知相角对应的群角和群速度,未使用弱各向异性群速度近似公式,适用于任意强度各向异性VTI介质qP、qSV和qSH直达波和反射波射线追踪;以相角确定震源出射射线,不用遍历群角和群速度对应关系.同传统最短路径方法的数值实验对比表明本文方法具有高精度和高效性,非常适合于需要多次正演计算的地震叠... 相似文献
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波射线路径压制多次波的反射波成像是在偏移过程去除多次波同时仅对反射波成像.通过在共炮道集和共检波点道集分别计算炮点射线的入射角和检波点射线的出射角计算射线的路径.从炮点入射的射线与从检波点出射的射线的交点形成的走时,若等于观测走时,可以判断此条射线是反射波;反之,若不相等,则是多次波.数值实验表明此方法可以有效地去掉由于多次波能量产生的假成像点和压制多次波,因此界面可以正确归位,同时去掉由于多次波引起的假成像位置. 相似文献
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消除层间多次波是地震勘探资料处理研究领域的难题,尤其对于实际资料的处理,到目前为止还很难找到一种完全有效的方法. 本文给出了仅对一次波成像既波路径偏移方法压制层间多次波方法,在共炮道集和共检波点道集分别计算炮点射线的入射角和检波点射线的出射角,由此计算的角度作为射线追踪的初始角度,计算地震波射线的传播路径. 结合由程函方程计算的走时表,判断偏移范围是反射波还是多次波. 在前期偏移过程压制多次波的理论研究基础上,本文主要研究波路径偏移消除多次波的应用部分. 为了进一步说明效果的有效性,计算了在单炮和共成像点道集压制层间多次波,给出了实际资料的压制多次波的偏移结果. 相似文献
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本文采用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ理论方法,研究反射地震记录域中地下同一反射点对应的反射走时随炮检距变化的特性,这在叠前地震资料处理中具有重要意义．由于走时函数可以表示成炮点位置、检波点位置、地震波射线出射角和接收角的函数,通过对共反射点走时与炮点位置变化关系的分析,提出了复杂介质中共反射点轨迹可用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ正则方程描述．在线性变速介质中,走时函数可以解析给出,由此可导出该介质中共反射点轨迹的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ正则方程．文中结合常速度、横向变速和线性变速介质模型,计算了地下不同反射面上各点相应的共反射点轨迹,阐明Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ方法的一些特点,并首次引入Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ理论方法描述共反射点走时随炮检距的变化特性,开创了该领域研究的一条新途径． 相似文献
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本文提出了在计算机上实现分块三维地壳模型及利用加权最小二乘拟合生成平缓光滑的三维速度函数的方法,给出了适用于分块、块内速度连续变化的三维模型中Cauchy射线追踪的新算法,简介了基于上述方法反射线的基本理论所编制的合成三维理论地震图的程序包RSSGTD.给出的两个盆地状模型的算例表明,所使用的模型生成方法具有模拟复杂地壳结构的能力;与三维样条函数方法比较,最小二乘拟合方法能给出更加适合射线方法合成地震图计算的速度函数,并且内存小、计算速度快;所给出的Cauchy射线追踪算法能够适合块状模型中任何体波射线的追踪. 相似文献
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以Moser方法为代表的最短路径射线追踪算法可以快速稳定地获得整个追踪区域的全局最小走时和路径,但它存在两个缺陷：一是射线大多由折线呈锯齿状相连,长度和位置偏离真实射线路径;二是在低变速区容易出现射线路径多值现象．本文提出的界面二次源波前扩展法全局最小走时射线追踪技术（以下简称界面源法）旨在解决上述两个问题．不同于Moser方法,界面源法只在物性分界面上设置子波源点,子波出射射线可以到达任何不穿越物性界面而直接到达的空间点和界面离散点,在均匀块体内或层内地震波以精确的射线路径传播．显然,界面源法的子波出射方向数远远大于传统方法,算法的追踪误差主要由界面离散引起的,因此,界面源法很好地解决了Moser法存在的问题,大大提高了追踪的精度．同时,由于界面源法的子波源点数远远小于Moser法,因而效率也很高．模型实算证实了该算法的高效性． 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(3)
针对复杂探区因模型道品质差导致反射波剩余静校正效果不好的难题,本文提出了一种基于样条曲线拟合的二维初至波剩余静校正方法.该方法相对直线拟合法,可以用的初至信息更多,统计的短波长静校正量更为准确;相对折线拟合法,它不用拾取折射拐点,操作方便快捷,更具有可操作性.它采用三次样条函数将应用了长波长静校正量的初至拟合成一条光滑曲线,根据地表一致性原则将延迟时分解为炮点、检波点短波长静校正量.实际资料应用结果表明,基于样条曲线拟合的单炮初至变得光滑,叠加剖面同相轴连续性得到增强,可为反射波剩余静校正提供较好品质的模型道,对低信噪比资料剩余静校正问题的解决具有实际意义. 相似文献
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本文基于扰动理论来推导qP波一阶射线追踪方程,并使用此方程计算光滑弱各向异性介质中qP波传播的路径和走时,从方程中可以看到对于弱各向异性介质中传播的qP渡,其一阶射线追踪方程只依赖于15个弱各向异性参数,方程的形式比准确的射线追踪方程简单得多,当各向异性强度为零时,此方程变为标准的各向同性射线追踪方程,并通过模型实算来测试本方法的精度,对于各向异性强度为10%的VTI均匀介质和各向异性为8%的VTI非均匀介质,射线的出射角在0～40°之间时,其相对误差不超过0.05%,而对于各向异性强度为20%的VTI均匀介质,当射线的出射角在0～50°之间时,其相对误差不超过0.46%,实算结果表明本方法具有很强的适应性,在出射角不太大的范围内具有很高的精度,该研究结果对海相油气勘探有重要意义. 相似文献
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针对大规模散乱数据,本文提出一种基于B样条函数的曲面拟合和数据压缩方法.在此方法中,构建最小平面矩形区域覆盖所有的散乱数据点,根据二维情况下的B样条函数的线性插值公式,利用最小二乘法拟合规则网格控制点的数值,存储有限规则网格控制点的数值,并通过插值可以得到任意点的数值,从而达到曲面拟合和数据压缩的目的.通过算例验证了此方法的可行性以及使用三次B样条函数曲面拟合的优越性.由于此方法具有局部误差小、计算高效的特征,可以适用于数据梯度较小的二维系统数据的曲面拟合和数据压缩,如地形高程数据和射线追踪走时表. 相似文献
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实际地层中地震波传播普遍存在速度和衰减各向异性现象,研究黏弹各向异性介质中高频地震波传播理论有助于揭示地震波的传播特征.本文针对黏弹性VTI介质,从Christoffel矩阵的解析特征值出发推导出qP、qSV和qSH波的复相速度和复射线速度的解析表达式,并应用实射线追踪方法确定出均匀复射线速度矢量,由此计算出实射线速度和实射线衰减以及实射线品质因子.基于非均匀复相速度和均匀复射线速度的解析表达式,推导了实射线慢度和实射线衰减关于黏弹性模量(包括弹性模量和Q值)的敏感度核函数,该敏感度核函数反映各个黏弹性模量对地震波复走时的影响程度.不同岩石样本的数值计算结果显示,实走时对弹性模量更为敏感,而射线衰减(虚走时)对弹性模量和Q值的敏感程度相当.本研究可为黏弹性VTI介质中地震射线追踪和复走时层析成像提供理论基础. 相似文献
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A fast and robust method for two-point ray tracing in one-dimensional layered media is presented. This method is applicable to layered models with constant or linearly varying isotropic layer velocity. For given model properties and source and receiver positions, a ray path can be uniquely determined once its ray parameter (i.e. horizontal slowness) is known. The ray parameter can be obtained by numerically solving the nonlinear offset (i.e. source–receiver horizontal distance) equation using Newton's method, which generally works well at near and mid offsets. However, Newton's method becomes hard to converge at large offsets due to the oversensitivity of offset to ray parameter. Based on the analysis of the characteristic of the offset equation, a modified ray parameter is proposed and used to replace the generic ray parameter in numerical calculation. Numerical experiments show that the iteration process becomes stable and converges rapidly with the modified ray parameter. Moreover, a rational function that asymptotically approximates the shape of the offset equation is introduced for obtaining good initial estimates of the modified ray parameter. Numerical tests show that this method is robust in any situation, and an accurate ray parameter can be obtained within two or three iterations for a wide range of model velocity structure and source–receiver distance. Furthermore, the proposed two-point ray tracing method is easy to implement. 相似文献
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We present a new ray bending approach, referred to as the Eigenray method, for solving two‐point boundary‐value kinematic and dynamic ray tracing problems in 3D smooth heterogeneous general anisotropic elastic media. The proposed Eigenray method is aimed to provide reliable stationary ray path solutions and their dynamic characteristics, in cases where conventional initial‐value ray shooting methods, followed by numerical convergence techniques, become challenging. The kinematic ray bending solution corresponds to the vanishing first traveltime variation, leading to a stationary path between two fixed endpoints (Fermat's principle), and is governed by the nonlinear second‐order Euler–Lagrange equation. The solution is based on a finite‐element approach, applying the weak formulation that reduces the Euler–Lagrange second‐order ordinary differential equation to the first‐order weighted‐residual nonlinear algebraic equation set. For the kinematic finite‐element problem, the degrees of freedom are discretized nodal locations and directions along the ray trajectory, where the values between the nodes are accurately and naturally defined with the Hermite polynomial interpolation. The target function to be minimized includes two essential penalty (constraint) terms, related to the distribution of the nodes along the path and to the normalization of the ray direction. We distinguish between two target functions triggered by the two possible types of stationary rays: a minimum traveltime and a saddle‐point solution (due to caustics). The minimization process involves the computation of the global (all‐node) traveltime gradient vector and the traveltime Hessian matrix. The traveltime Hessian is used for the minimization process, analysing the type of the stationary ray, and for computing the geometric spreading of the entire resolved stationary ray path. The latter, however, is not a replacement for the dynamic ray tracing solution, since it does not deliver the geometric spreading for intermediate points along the ray, nor the analysis of caustics. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method along three canonical examples. 相似文献
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随着我国勘探开发难度逐步增大,勘探目标开始向裂缝油气藏、岩性油气藏等复杂探区转移,研究高精度、适应性强的多波多分量深度偏移算法在后续的地震解释、属性分析及储层预测中具有重要意义.针对多波多分量地震数据,本文提出了一种二维弹性波时空域高斯束偏移方法.时空域高斯束沿中心射线传播时能够面向成像目标描述局部波场,且对振幅和频率可调制的Gabor基函数有天然的适应性,因而将基于Gabor分解的子波重构方法应用于震源波场构建,从而得到任意点源函数产生的时空域高斯束波场.该方法由于直接在时间域进行计算,可以避开频率域中出现的假频和边缘截断效应等问题.基于各向同性弹性波动方程的Kirchhoff-Helmholtz积分解,利用矢量时空域高斯束传播算子构建格林函数和格林位移张量,并结合上行射线追踪策略,实现了检波点波场的反向延拓.针对矢量波成像问题,本文借鉴弹性波逆时偏移方法从矢量延拓波场中分离出纯纵波分量和纯横波分量,进而采用修改后的内积成像条件产生具有明确物理意义的PP、PS成像结果,避免了转换波成像的极性反转问题.最后利用简单两层模型和不含盐体构造的部分Sigsbee2a模型的成像结果,并将其与应用近似纵横波成像条件、标量和矢量势成像条件的偏移剖面进行对比,验证了本文方法的正确性和有效性. 相似文献
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A fast and global two point low storage optimization technique for tracing rays in 2D and 3D isotropic media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We present the problem of tracing rays in 2D and 3D heterogeneous isotropic media as a set of optimization problems. Each optimization problem is obtained by applying Fermat's principle to an approximation of the travel time equation from a fixed source to a fixed receiver. We assume a piecewise linear ray path that simplifies the computations of the problem, in the same way Mao and Stuart suggested in a very recent paper. Here, instead, the reflector geometry and the velocity function are computed by using nonuniformly biharmonic splines. On the other hand, to solve the optimization problem we use the Global Spectral Gradient method. This recent developed optimization scheme is a low storage optimization technique that requires very few floating point operations. It only requires the gradient of the travel time function, and it is global because it converges independently of the initial guess, that is, it does not require a close initial ray path. These three properties of the optimization method and the assumption of piecewise linear rays make this ray tracing scheme a very fast, global and effective method when estimating velocities via tomography. Moreover, in a homogeneous stratified or dipped media, any solution of the optimization problem is the best solution, i.e., it is the global minimum, no matter what numerical approach is used. We present some numerical results that show the computational advantages and the performance of this ray tracing in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. 相似文献
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We present a new method of three-dimensional (3-D) seismic ray tracing, based on an improvement to the linear traveltime interpolation (LTI) ray tracing algorithm. This new technique involves two separate steps. The first involves a forward calculation based on the LTI method and the dynamic successive partitioning scheme, which is applied to calculate traveltimes on cell boundaries and assumes a wavefront that expands from the source to all grid nodes in the computational domain. We locate several dynamic successive partition points on a cell's surface, the traveltimes of which can be calculated by linear interpolation between the vertices of the cell's boundary. The second is a backward step that uses Fermat's principle and the fact that the ray path is always perpendicular to the wavefront and follows the negative traveltime gradient. In this process, the first-arriving ray path can be traced from the receiver to the source along the negative traveltime gradient, which can be calculated by reconstructing the continuous traveltime field with cubic B-spline interpolation. This new 3-D ray tracing method is compared with the LTI method and the shortest path method (SPM) through a number of numerical experiments. These comparisons show obvious improvements to computed traveltimes and ray paths, both in precision and computational efficiency. 相似文献
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合成三维横向非均匀介质远震体波接收函数的Maslov方法 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
三维横向非均匀介质远震体波接收函数的合成算法对于三维介质远震体波接收函数研究至关重要．本文发展了基于Ｍａｓｌｏｖ理论的横向非均匀介质接收函数合成算法,针对远震体波接收函数计算的特点,利用遗传算法完成三维动力学射线追踪,并采用递归算法组织射线的追踪过程,从而在保证追踪精度的同时提高了射线追踪的效率,并可完全避免传统射线追踪过程中的射线编码问题．正演计算结果表明,此法是一种高效、实用的三维横向非均匀介质接收函数计算方法． 相似文献
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三角网波行面扩展最小走时射线追踪全局算法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
To address the problem of subdividing inflexible rectangular grid models and their poor definition of velocity interfaces,
we propose a complex structure triangular net for a minimum traveltime ray tracing global algorithm. Our procedure is: (1)
Subdivide a triangle grid based on the Delaunay triangular subdivision criterion and the relationships of the points, lines,
and the surfaces in the subdividing area. (2) Define the topology relationships and related concepts of triangular unit ray
tracing. (3) The source point and wave arrival points at any time compose the propagating plane wave and the minimum traveltime
and secondary source positions are calculated during the plane wave propagation. We adopt the hyperbolic approximation global
algorithm for secondary source retrieving. (4) By minimum traveltime ray tracing, collect the path from receiver to source
points with the neighborhood point’s traveltime and the direction of the secondary source. Numerical simulation examples are
given to test the algorithm. The results show that the triangular net ray tracing method demonstrates model subdivision flexibility,
precise velocity discontinuity interfaces, and accurate computations. 相似文献