共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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一种新的粒度指标:沉积物粒度分维值及其环境意义 总被引：28，自引：2，他引：28
根据分形理论，对1000个不同类型沉积物样品的粒度分形结构及其分维值作了定量计算。结果表明：各类型沉积物都具有良好的统计自相似性，并且各自有着不同的分维值。粒度分维值的大小与分选好坏密切相关。没有经过外力搬运与分选的风化破碎物质(碎屑物)——断层泥、冻土的粒度分维值接近于碎形体的分维值2．60左右；经过外力搬运但分选作用较弱的冰碛物、水石流、泥石流堆积物的粒度分维值也接近2．60；而经过强烈外力分选作用的河床、湖泊沉积物、潮滩及海底沉积物的分维值明显偏小。鉴于此，本认为分维值可以作为沉积物类型判别的重要参数之一。 相似文献
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根据分形理论，以西藏樟木滑坡群为例，详细分析了滑坡活动时空结构的信息维特征和滑动带土粒度分布的分形结构特征。结果表明，滑坡活动具有很好的分形现象；滑动带土的粒度分维值一般在２～３之间，其平均值约为２．８，分维可作为描述滑动带土粒度成分的参数。在此基础上，探讨了分维的研究意义 相似文献
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西藏樟木滑坡群的分形特征及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据分形理论，以西藏樟木滑坡群为例，详细了分析了滑坡活动时空结构的信息维特征和滑动带土粒度分布的分形结构特征。结果表明，滑坡活动具有很好的分形现象，滑动带土的粒度分维值一般在２～３之间，其平均值约为２．８分维可作为描述滑动带土粒度成分的参数。在此基础上，探讨了分维的研究意义。 相似文献
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冻土粒度成分的分形结构特征及其意义 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
本据分形理论，研究了冻土粒度成分的分形结构特征，结果表明，冻土的分维介于２和３之间，平均值为２．６左右。分维的大小揭示了作这自组织系统的冻土的形成演化特征，分维可作为描述冻土粒度成分的参数。 相似文献
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活断层中断层泥分形与断裂活动关系 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以长江三峡仙女山、九湾溪和天阳坪３条断裂为例,对断裂活动性与断层泥分维值（Ｄ）进行对比研究发现,Ｄ值受断裂活动性与断层泥粒度双因素制约。同一断裂带中细粒断层泥Ｄ值低且粒断层泥Ｄ值;不断断裂之间相对活动断裂Ｄ值低于弱活动断裂Ｄ值。在改进断层泥分形计算方法的基础上,通过变换得到了具有物理意义的判断断裂活动性的单因素参量（ｒＬ）。该方法克服了用断层泥分维值判断断裂活动性时粒径影响Ｄ值的困难,为利用分形理 相似文献
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红土是一种特殊土,其成分和结构决定了红土本身具有不同于一般粘性土的工程地质性质。红土中游离氧化铁的存在使土颗粒之间产生胶结,是土具有“假粉性”和“假砂性”特征的主要原因。研究发现,游离氧化铁含量和形态的改变,将直接影响红土颗粒的粒度分布。通过对不同pH值红土试样的颗粒成分进行测试,借助分形理论得到不同pH值红土粒度成分分维值。计算发现,不管是否在测试过程中采用分散剂,土粒度分维曲线上都存在两个无标度区。pH值的改变引起了土粒度分维的变化,随pH值的增大,土粒度分维值也变大,反应出土的细颗粒含量增加,土颗粒所形成的集合体越分散。土pH值的大小与粒度成分分维、游离氧化铁含量之间的内在联系,揭示出了红土中游离氧化铁对土颗粒胶结的本质。 相似文献
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南海东部69柱粒度分维指标与气候代用指标的分形比较及其意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南海69柱粒度数据分析表明,晚更新世以来,粒度在0.2~11μm的标度范围内具有分形特征,粒度分维值DS为1.72~2.02,平均1.84;不同时期粒度分维值明显不同,氧同位素1期(冰后期)为1.88,氧同位素2期(冰期)为1.81,温暖的冰后期粒度分维值高且变化幅度大,寒冷的冰期粒度分维值低且变化幅度小,表明粒度分维值DS对沉积物的形成环境演化具有良好的指示意义。运用R/S分析法,对69柱沉积物的粒度分维值DS、UK37法估算的表层海水古温度、浮游有孔虫的δ18O、δ13C及其转换函数计算的冬季表层海水古温度、夏季表层海水古温度、季节性温差、沉积物SiO2、CaCO3含量9项指标进行尺度重整分析计算,得到其时间序列分维值DH分别为1.2855、1.1712、1.2659、1.4244、1.2719、1.2214、1.2979、1.1366、1.1609。虽然这些气候指标是用不同物理单位测量的,但运用分形分析可以对它们进行数学比较,粒度分维值DS与季节性温差二者的时间序列分维值DH最接近,从分形理论方面进一步证实粒度分维值DS的变化主要反映气候的冷暖变化。综合粒度分维值DS及其他气候代用指标分析,识别出南海东部全新世以来的4次突发事件。 相似文献
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依据分形理论分析了甘肃黄土粒度分布的分形结构特征。黄土具有良好的统计自相似性。随着空间位置和黄土形成时代的不同,黄土的分形结构特征有明显的变化特征,其分维值介于2.29至2.56之间;且粒度分维值的大小与分选好坏密切相关,即:分选系数大则分维值大,反之则分维值小。这表明黄土的粒度分维在一定程度上可以反映黄土的形成演化特征。在此基础上进一步研究了黄土粒度分维与干密度、孔隙比、湿陷系数之间的定量关系,指出黄土分维值可以定量表征黄土的物理、水理性质。与地形地貌、水文和气候等因素一样,它也可作为自然区划的一个主要指标。 相似文献
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许多研究表明,泥化夹层的力学强度与其物质组成关系极为密切,尤以粒度成分对强度的影响更为显著。作者曾依据粒度成分将泥化夹层分为粘泥型、泥夹碎屑型、碎屑——碎屑夹泥型、泥夹粉砂和粉砂夹泥型等各种类型[1]。并对黄河小浪底水库工程的各类夹泥进行了大量的中型试件剪切试验研究和电子显微镜观察,进一步探讨了夹泥粒度成分与力学强度之关系。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯和吐谷鲁断裂带断层泥分形特征与断裂活动关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
根据采集的天然断层泥样品 ,对准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯和吐谷鲁逆断裂带中断层泥进行了显微构造、显微形貌和分形研究。研究结果表明 ,断层泥至少存在三期变形 ;同时断层泥和石英碎粒中既发育有线状擦痕、阶步等典型的粘滑活动显微构造 ,也发育有剪切滑动、定向排列等典型的蠕滑活动变形现象 ,说明了断裂活动的长期性和复杂性。断层泥的分形研究表明 ,霍尔果斯和吐谷鲁断裂带断层泥分维值分别在 2 .17～ 2 .6 3和 2 .76～ 2 .89变化 ,分维值与断层运动方式粘滑或蠕滑不存在因果关系。因此 ,断层泥分维值能否作为判别断裂活动方式值得进一步研究。 相似文献
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The continuity of clay-rich fault gouge has a large effect on fluid transmissibility of faults in sand–clay sequences, but clay gouge continuity and composition in 3D are not well known. We report observations of 3D clay smear continuity in water-saturated sandbox experiments where the sheared clay layers were excavated after deformation. The experiments build on existing work on the evolution of clay gouge in similar 2D experiments where interpretations were made in profile view.We used well-known model materials (“Benchmark” sand and uncemented kaolinite–sand mixtures) that were further characterized using standardized geotechnical tests and triaxial compression experiments at effective pressures corresponding to the sandbox experiments. Results show a nonlinear failure envelope of the sand, in agreement with existing models. Unconfined compression experiments with the clay show cohesion around 50 Pa and brittle behavior.A sheared, ductile clay layer embedded in sand above a 70° dipping basement fault reveals a complex, natural-looking clay gouge architecture with relay ramps, breached relays and fault lenses. The clay gouge shows clear variations in composition and thickness and becomes locally discontinuous at throw-thickness ratios above 7, in contrast to our earlier 2D observations where discontinuous clay-gouge only formed in cemented clay layers. In addition to tectonic telescoping in the relays, the thin, continuous parts of the clay gouge were transformed from an initial pure clay by mechanical mixing of sand and clay.We also discuss the applicability of these results to the evolution of normal fault zones and deformation bands in sand–clay sequences at effective pressures below the onset of cataclasis and conclude that in fault zones a higher degree of internal segmentation reduces the probability of the formation of discontinuities. 相似文献
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We have examined microstructures, mineralogical composition, geochemical alteration, and texture of four selected fault rock samples from the Deep Geodynamical Laboratory (DGLab) Gulf of Corinth project using optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence microscopy (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements. The fault core is composed of red and gray clayey gouge material and surrounded by a damage zone of brecciated limestones. Pressure solution features, calcite veins and calcite clasts in the breccia and gouge material attest the presence of paleo-fluids and fluid-driven mass transfer during deformation. Differences in CL-colors between the matrix and calcite vein cement and inside the vein cement suggest repeated infiltration of fluids with different composition from various sources (formation water and meteoric water). Twin lamellae densities estimated in calcite veins are used as paleo-piezometer. The deduced differential stress is ∼140 ± 70 MPa for the older vein generation and appears to be higher than stress for the youngest veins (45 ± 23 MPa). In spite of the relatively small clay content in both samples, newly formed clay minerals have been observed in gray as well as red clayey gouge material. Differences between gray and red clay gouge material are found in fault rock composition, porosity and clay fabric. The proportion of chlorite in the red gouge is significantly less than that in the gray gouge whereas the initial porosity is significantly higher than in the gray gouge material. The detection of a well-oriented clay fabric in red clay gouge samples is unique in comparison to other major fault zones. 相似文献
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针对砂性土颗粒结构的复杂性和不规则性,从颗粒级配和达西定律出发,基于分形几何理论,通过颗粒分析和渗透试验,建立了砂性土颗粒级配分形维数与不均匀系数的关系,从而揭示了级配分形维数的物理意义;通过线性回归,进一步探讨了级配分形维数与渗透系数之间的相关关系。研究发现:级配越好,不均匀系数越大,分维越小,渗透系数也越小。结果表明,级配分形维数是刻画砂性土的颗粒组成及其级配特征的有效参数,直观定量地描述了土的渗透性能,从而为多孔介质以及断层破碎带等裂隙介质的渗透性研究提供了一种较好的研究思路。 相似文献
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Clay-rich fault rocks have long been recognized to host distinctive fabric elements, and fault rock fabric is increasingly thought to play a fundamental role in fault mechanical behaviour in the brittle regime. Although the geometries of fabric elements in fault gouges have been described for almost a century, the genesis and evolution of these elements during shear, and their links to bulk mechanical properties, remain poorly understood. We characterize the development and evolution of fabric elements with increasing shear in a variety of clay-rich experimental gouges over shear strains of <1 to >20 and at normal stresses of 2–150 MPa in the double-direct shear configuration. In addition to SEM observations of experiment products at a variety of shear strains, we quantified clay fabric intensity and the degree of grain size reduction using X-ray Texture Goniometry (XTG) and particle size distribution (PSD) measurements. We also measured P- and S-wave velocities during shear to further probe the evolution of shear fabric and gouge properties. We find that clay fabric elements develop in a systematic manner regardless of the gouge material. Riedel shears in the R1 orientation and boundary-parallel shears are the dominant fabric elements. Riedel shears nucleate at layer margins and propagate into the layer shortly after reaching yield stress. Clay particles rotate into the P-orientation shortly after Riedels propagate through the layer. The Riedel shears are through-going, but are >10× thinner than similar zones observed in coarser granular materials. Our results suggest that the weakness of clay-rich fault gouge may be less a function of anisotropic crystal structure, as has been suggested previously, and more a consequence of very thin shear surfaces permitting deformation in clay-rich materials with minimal dilation or cataclasis. The very thin shear surfaces are a function of the fine grain size of the materials and possibly polymodal PSD's. 相似文献
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层间剪切带粒度分形几何特征及工程地质意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文对分形几何方法表征土的粒度组成加以了补充, 并用它来描述和表征层间剪切带的粒度组成, 据此将其划分为五个类型。在此基础上较为深入地阐述了其工程地质意义, 并着重讨论了用它来识别层间剪切带所遭受的构造变形破坏程度、演化阶段问题等。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地南缘断裂带显微构造特征与活动时代 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯-玛纳斯-吐谷鲁逆断裂带中的断层泥和构造岩显微构造进行了研究,并对断裂带中的石膏、石英脉和断层泥进行了ESR测年。显微构造研究表明,断裂带至少经历了3期构造变形,断层泥和石英碎粒中既发育有线状擦痕、阶步等粘滑活动显微构造,也发育有剪切滑动、定向排列等蠕滑活动变形现象。ESR测年结果显示,霍尔果斯-玛纳斯-吐谷鲁逆断裂带形成于1.5Ma前,在0.4~1.0 Ma和0.08~0.12 Ma期间进行了二次再调整。断裂活动时间与青藏高原阶段性隆升的时间一致,说明准噶尔盆地南缘霍尔果斯-玛纳斯-吐谷鲁逆断裂带的形成与青藏高原的隆升过程密切相关。 相似文献