共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(10):921-924
Landsliding is a significant process on volcanic edifices, with individual events exceeding several cubic kilometres in volume. The causes of such mass movements and their relationship with volcanic activity are still poorly understood. Landslide events are an important factor in the evolution of volcanic islands such as Tenerife, where vertical and lateral collapses have occurred repeatedly. Subaerial and submarine processes related to landslide events strongly influence the morphology of the island. On Tenerife there are three very big valleys, Güimar, La Orotava and Icod, that have been created by large landslide events with ages ranging from Upper Pliocene to Middle Pleistocene. The landslides affect the northern flanks of the island and the slopes of a large central volcanic edifice, the Las Canadas volcano, which is truncated by the Las Canadas caldera, a multicyclic collapse depression, formed between 1.02 and 0.17 Ma. We have focused our studies on the potential for caldera collapse events to trigger large scale landslides. The available geological and morphological information has been incorporated into numerical models, which simulate the destabilising effects of a caldera collapse episode. The results of the numerical modelling indicate that processes associated with caldera collapse events can overcome the stabilising forces on the volcano flank and trigger landslides. We propose that caldera collapse events may have triggered large landslides on the slopes of the Las Canadas volcano. 相似文献
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地球内部物质物性的原位高温高压研究：大体积压机与同步辐射源的结合 总被引：77，自引：2，他引：77
四川盆地是一个大型复合含气为主、含油为辅的叠合盆地。多旋回的沉积演化过程,孕育了多套海相、陆相烃源岩,且不同区域发育不同成因类型的烃源岩。目前下寒武统、志留系、下二叠统、上二叠统和上三叠统五套主要烃源岩均已进入高演化阶段,并以成气为主。由于多阶成烃、混源聚集和后期遭受TSR次生蚀变等成藏过程的复杂性使得天然气组分较干、碳同位素组成复杂,常规方法进行气源对比较困难。文中在对四川盆地沉积演化背景分析的基础上,通过对有效烃源岩发育特征和分布规律的探讨,分区域进行了气藏的分析,特别是对天然气组分、非烃组成(H2S、CO2、N2等)和碳同位素等资料综合研究的基础上,基本确定了各区块各含气层系的主力源岩。认为川东主力产层石炭系、三叠系和二叠系的气源分别为志留系、上二叠统龙潭组和下二叠统;川南气区震旦系灯影组、寒武系、二叠系和三叠系产层的气源分别主要来自下寒武统,上、下二叠系源岩;川西气区侏罗系和三叠系须家河组主产层的气源主要来自三叠系须家河组煤系烃源岩,下二叠统和嘉陵江组产层气源则可能主要来自二叠系;川中主要为产油区,下侏罗统自流井群原油应来自侏罗系源岩,浅部层系气源为上三叠统须家河组的陆相烃源岩,深部气藏则为寒武系烃源岩。由于川东北部烃源岩发育层数最多,且质量都较好,因此川东北部是烃类最富集的地区,也是勘探潜力最大的地区。 相似文献
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I. P. Voinova 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2016,10(3):230-238
The results of study of the volcanic rocks of the Khabarovsk accretionary complex, a fragment of the Jurassic accretionary prism of the Sikhote Alin orogenic belt (the southern part of the Russian Far East), are presented. The volcanic rocks are associated with the Lower Permian limestones in the mélange blocks and Triassic layered cherts. The petrography, petrochemistry, and geochemistry of the rocks are characterized and their geodynamic formation conditions are deduced. The volcanic rocks include oceanic plume basalts of two types: (i) OIB-like intraplate basalts formed on the oceanic islands and guyots in the Permian and Triassic and (ii) T(transitional)-MORBs (the least enriched basalts of the E-MORB type) formed on the midoceanic ridge in the Permian. In addition to basalts, the mélange hosts suprasubduction dacitic tuff lavas. 相似文献
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Qingxiang Du Xiaoli Shen Lihua Gao Mei Han Zhigang Song 《International Geology Review》2017,59(3):368-390
We present zircon U–Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr–Nd isotope results for the Upper Permian–Upper Triassic volcanic rocks to constrain the timing of the final closure of the eastern segment of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean. The volcanic rocks were mainly collected from the Yanbian area in eastern Jilin Province, northeastern China. The zircon U–Pb dating results indicate that the samples can be classified as Upper Permian–Lower Triassic basalts (ca. 262–244 Ma) and Upper Triassic dacites (ca. 216 Ma). The whole-rock geochemical results indicate that the rocks predominately belong to the medium-K and high-K calc-alkaline series. The basalts are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs, e.g. Ba and K) and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs, e.g. Nb and Ta), with weak positive Eu anomalies. The dacites are enriched in LILEs (e.g. Rb, Ba, Th, and K) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) and marked depletion in some HFSEs (e.g. Nb, Ta, and Ti), with significant negative Sr, P, and Eu anomalies. Moreover, the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic basalts have low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7037–0.7048) and high εNd values (4.4–5.4). In contrast, the Upper Triassic dacites possess relatively high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7052) compared with their low εNd values (1.4). The basaltic magma likely originated from the partial melting of a depleted mantle wedge metasomatized by subduction-related fluids, and the felsic magmas likely originated from the partial melting of a dominantly juvenile source with a minor component of ancient crust. Taken together, the Upper Permian–Lower Triassic basalts (ca. 262–244 Ma) are arc basalts that formed in an active continental margin setting, and the Upper Triassic dacites (ca. 216 Ma) are A-type granitic rocks that formed in an extensional setting. Therefore, the final closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean occurred during the Middle–Late Triassic. 相似文献
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北天山上石炭统奇尔古斯套组中发现早二叠世珊瑚化石 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
新近于北天山艾维尔沟北原划为上石炭统的奇尔古斯套组火山岩系所夹灰岩中,采到了结节脊板杯珊瑚Cy-athocariniatuberculataSoshkina,其时代属于早二叠世,表明该区奇尔古斯套组的一部分应属下二叠统。另外,于头屯河原划为上石炭统的奇尔古斯套组火山-碎屑岩系所含灰岩砾石中,采到伊万诺夫格鲁特珊瑚GrootiaivanoviDubrolyubova,时代属于晚石炭世,与达拉阶(即莫斯科阶)相当,故地层时代应晚于晚石炭世达拉期,根据区域对比推测该地层的一部分也应属于下二叠统。艾维尔沟一带早二叠世珊瑚化石的发现,表明北天山石炭纪强烈的拉张事件可以持续到早二叠世。 相似文献
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新疆吾拉斯台一带下二叠统乌郎组火山岩地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乌郎组火山岩分布于哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块（Ⅰ级）伊犁-伊塞克湖微板块（Ⅱ级）阿吾拉勒晚古生代裂谷系（Ⅲ级）中,为一套陆相的火山岩和碎屑岩组合.吾拉斯台一带火山活动较强,火山堆积厚度巨大,区内厚近4000 m,属乌郎组中上部层位.火山岩主要由偏碱性的基性和酸性岩组成,总体以双峰式火山岩为特征.岩石地球化学所反映的构造环境为板内玄武岩和大陆裂谷玄武岩,这与所处的大地构造位置相吻合.顶部层位的粗面玄武岩207Pb/206Pb同位素年龄为285±30 Ma,时代为早二叠世.由此推断,阿吾拉勒晚古生代裂谷系火山活动在早二叠世时即将结束,之后晚二叠世接受陆相磨拉石堆积,进入稳定陆内盆地发展阶段. 相似文献
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CHONGPAN Chonglakmani 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(3):258-263
The oceanic island volcanic rocks in the Chiang Mai zone, northern Thailand, are usually covered by Lower Carboniferous and
Upper Permian shallow-water carbonate rocks, with the Hawaii rocks and potash trachybasalt being the main rock types. The
alkaline series is dominant with sub-alkaline series occurring in few cases. The geochemical characteristics are described
as follows: the major chemical compositions are characterized by high TiO2, high P2O5 and medium K2O; the rare-earth elements are characterized by right-inclined strong LREE-enrichment patterns; the trace element patterns
are of the upward-bulging K-Ti enrichment type; multi-component plots falling within the fields of oceanic island basalts
and alkali basalts, belonging to the oceanic island-type volcanic rocks, which are similar to the equivalents in Deqin and
Gengma (the Changning-Menglian zone) of Yunnan Province, China. 相似文献
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Yongcai Yang Zhihuan Zhang Wei Li Liming Qin Chaohe Fang Yuxiang Lin Hua Liu 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(3):265-275
Stable carbon isotopes were used together with molecular markers to constrain genetic relationships between sandstone extracts and potential source rocks in the pre-Tertiary in the Huanghua Depression, North China. Comparison of the extracts from Permo-Carboniferous terrigenous mudstones and Ordovician marine carbonates indicated that their prominent differences are in stable carbon isotopes, molecular markers and thermal maturity. Although the extracts of the Mesozoic and Lower Permian Xiashihezi Formation sandstones have some similar iso-topic characteristics, molecular markers data provide a good correlation between the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous oils and the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation mudstones, and between the Lower Permian Xiashihezi Formation oils and the Lower Permian mudstones. The results showed that the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sandstone oils were derived chiefly from the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation terrigenous mudstones and that the Lower Permian Xiashihezi Formation oils were sourced from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation and Xiashihezi Formation terrigenous mudstones. 相似文献
11.
John Kemp 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1998,26(4):551-572
Volcanic formations of the ca 630-620 Ma old Shammar Group in the Tuluhah area in the northern Arabian Shield occupy an oval area some 8×12 km. They overlie sedimentary rift-fill of the Kuara Formation and are interpreted as related to the formation of a caldera, here named the Awad Caldera. The earliest of the volcanic formations, the Dabsah Tuff, is more than 450 m thick in the south and wedges out in the north. It is composed of silicic, medial to proximal pyroclastic flow rocks that record an eruption during which an initial caldera is interpreted to have formed by probably trapdoor-style collapse. The Nijab Basalt, more than 200 m thick and present as flows overlying the Kuara Formation to the north of the caldera, is presumed to have originated outside the study area during an interval between periods of silicic volcanic activity, and to have flowed onto the Dabsah Tuff in the first-stage caldera. The succeeding Mindassa Megabreccia contains large rafts of the older Shammar rocks, mainly Nijab Basalt, in a tuff matrix, and is regarded as probably a caldera collapse and fallback megabreccia formed during a silicic eruption that led to the second stage of caldera development. The megabreccia is overlain by the post-collapse Sutayih Tuff, more than 450 m thick, composed of proximal pyroclastic flow units. 相似文献
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Juliane Ramelow Ulrich Riller Rolf L. Romer Onno Oncken 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(3):529-541
A combined geochronological and structural analysis of the Miocene Negra Muerta Caldera was designed to better understand caldera formation associated with prominent faults on the central Andean plateau. Rb–Sr ages of the caldera outflow facies indicate that caldera formation occurred in two volcano-tectonic episodes. The first episode commenced with explosive eruption of the 9.0±0.1 Ma andesitic Acay Ignimbrite followed by a period of volcanic quiescence and moderate tectonic activity. Dominant volcanic and tectonic activity occurred during the second episode, which is bracketed by eruption of the 7.6±0.1 Ma rhyolitic Toba 1 Ignimbrite and effusive discharge of the 7.3±0.1 Ma rhyodacitic to andesitic lava flows. Structural relationships between rocks of the Negra Muerta Volcanic Complex and collapse-induced normal faults, notably NE-striking normal faults, agree with simultaneous volcanic activity and floor subsidence of the caldera during the second episode. Floor subsidence was achieved by tilting on an outward dipping reverse fault to the northwest of the caldera floor around a hinge zone located south of the caldera floor. This induced horizontal extension of the caldera floor and was accomplished by fragmentation of, and intrusion of dikes into, the floor. Collapse-induced and post-collapse fault populations of the caldera do not differ significantly in the directions of their axes of maximum extension and are in this respect kinematically compatible with left-lateral slip on the nearby Olacapato-El Toro Fault Zone. This furnishes evidence for a kinematic control by prominent faults on the formation of collapse calderas in the central Andes. The structural analysis of the Negra Muerta Caldera shows that collapse calderas can serve as deformation markers that contribute in elucidating the regional kinematic regime and the time of activity of prominent dislocations genetically related to collapse calderas. 相似文献
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南祁连盆地在晚三叠世时期处于陆相沉积,上三叠统阿塔寺组碎屑岩十分发育。盆地三叠系砂岩的岩性及岩相特征与二叠系非常相似,但是源岩构造背景、物质组成及物质来源与二叠系有所差异。根据地球化学主量元素、微量元素分析结果,上三叠统阿塔寺组源岩构造背景活动性较强,以活动性较强的大陆岛弧及活动大陆边缘为主,源岩物质组成以长英质火成岩为主。结合区域地质构造背景判断,南祁连盆地上三叠统阿塔寺组沉积物源区以北物源为主,以南物源为辅,中祁连的前震旦系及下古生界变质结晶岩系及花岗岩为其主要物源。 相似文献
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The Northern, Central, and Southern zones are distinguished by stratigraphic, lithologic, and structural features. The Northern Zone is characterized by Upper Silurian–Lower Devonian sedimentary rocks, which are not known in other zones. They have been deformed into near-meridional folds, which formed under settings of near-latitudinal shortening during the Ellesmere phase of deformation. In the Central Zone, mafic and felsic volcanic rocks that had been earlier referred to Carboniferous are actually Neoproterozoic and probably Early Cambrian in age. Together with folded Devonian–Lower Carboniferous rocks, they make up basement of the Central Zone, which is overlain with a angular unconformity by slightly deformed Lower (?) and Middle Carboniferous–Permian rocks. The Southern Zone comprises the Neoproterozoic metamorphic basement and the Devonian–Triassic sedimentary cover. North-vergent fold–thrust structures were formed at the end of the Early Cretaceous during the Chukchi (Late Kimmerian) deformation phase. 相似文献
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新疆西天山大型铁矿床石炭纪控矿火山机构及成矿模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆西天山阿吾拉勒成矿带发育一系列大型海相火山岩型铁矿床,是我国十大重要金属矿产资源接替基地之一,备受关注。该成矿带石炭纪火山活动强烈,前人已经识别出该成矿带东段的区域艾肯达坂破火山口,且查岗诺尔、智博、敦德、备战等大型铁矿床均赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组火山岩中,其形成受火山机构控制。然而,迄今为止,这些矿床尚未确立具体的火山机构,矿床与矿区发育的火山机构关系有待查明;此外,与查岗诺尔、智博、备战等矿床包含单一的铁元素不同,敦德矿床具有Fe-Zn-Au元素组合,其原因尚不清楚。在前人研究基础上,通过野外地质剖面观察和测量,结合室内研究和遥感解译工作,我们认为阿吾拉勒成矿带东段的4个大型铁矿床均独自发育石炭纪与成矿有关的火山机构,且不同矿床,其火山机构的特点及其演化各不相同。其中,查岗诺尔矿区发育圆形破火山口,面积约为10km2,矿床位于破火山口北缘,矿体赋存于破火山口环状断裂系中;智博矿区发育椭圆形破火山口,面积约为15km2,矿床位于破火山口西南部,矿体赋存于经多次塌陷的破火山口环状断裂系中;敦德矿区发育椭圆形破火山口,面积约为6km2,矿床位于破火山口的中部,矿体赋存于火山通道及其附近的环状和放射状断裂系中;备战矿区发育椭圆形火山口,面积约为4km2,矿床位于火山口北缘,矿体赋存于环状断裂系中。可见,只有敦德矿床的矿体赋存于火山通道断裂系中,其余矿床的矿体均赋存于火山机构环状断裂系中;高渗透性的火山机构断裂系为成矿流体迁移和金属沉淀提供了有利的空间,是铁矿体形成的关键控矿因素和赋矿部位。此外,这些铁矿床的成矿年龄(319～304Ma)滞后于容矿火山岩的年龄(328～319Ma),矿体与围岩界线多为渐变关系;成矿作用以热液作用为主,其中,敦德矿区发育单一的热液成矿作用,具有Fe-Zn-Au元素组合,其它矿床成矿作用复杂,包括热液成矿作用、沉积成矿作用和可能的岩浆熔体成矿作用,仅发育有Fe元素。基于此,可将阿吾拉勒成矿带东段的海相火山岩型铁矿床进一步划分为两个亚类,即火山通道型铁多金属矿床(敦德)和火山边缘型铁矿床(查岗诺尔、智博、备战);成矿模式包括火山通道相热液富集铁多金属成矿模式和火山边缘相沉积-热液富集铁成矿模式。 相似文献
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新疆三塘湖盆地石炭系含油气系统初步评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新疆三塘湖盆地晚古生代发育哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组陆相火山喷发岩系,二者在岩石组合上均以中酸性火山岩及其碎屑岩为主,局部夹基性火山岩。通过岩性剖面和化石组合对比认为哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组为同一时代地层,没有上下关系,时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世。对哈尔加乌组火山岩进行锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年获取年龄值为319.6±9.8 Ma,表明这套火山岩含有石炭纪的部分,限定这套火山岩系的喷发时限为石炭纪中期至早二叠世。哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组火山岩发育多期的火山喷发—沉积旋回,形成巨厚层的火山岩和火山碎屑岩的互层,具备良好的油气储集条件,其下伏老爷庙组暗色泥岩夹层有机碳(TOC)含量较高(0.71%～1.62%),属于一般烃源岩—好烃源岩,这套烃源岩与哈尔加乌组—卡拉岗组火山岩构成生储盖组合,上覆上二叠统芨芨槽子群泥岩为盖层,构成盆地与火山岩相关的石炭系含油气系统,具有重大的石油地质意义。 相似文献
17.
Source Rocks for the Giant Puguang Gas Field,Sichuan Basin:Implication for Petroleum Exploration in Marine Sequences in South China 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
ZOU Huayao HAO Fang ZHU Yangming GUO Tonglou CAI Xunyu LI Pingping ZHANG Xuefeng 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):477-486
Detailed geochemistry studies were conducted to investigate the origin of solid bitumens and hydrocarbon gases in the giant Puguang gas field. Two types of solid bitumens were recognized： low sulfur content, low reflectance （LSLR） solid bitumens in sandstone reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation and high sulfur content, high reflectance （HSHR） solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan and Upper Permian Changxing formations. Solid bitumens in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation correlate well with extracts from the Upper Triassic to Jurassic nonmarine source rocks in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and biomarker distribution. Solid bitumens in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations are distinctly different from extracts from the Cambrian and Silurian rocks but display reasonable correlation with extracts from the Upper Permian source rocks both in isotopic composition of the saturated and aromatic fractions and in biomarker distribution, suggesting that the Permian especially the Upper Permian Longtan Formation was the main source of solid bitumens in the carbonate reservoirs in the Feixianguan and Changxing formations in the Puguang gas field. Chemical and isotopic composition of natural gases indicates that the majority of hydrocarbon gases originated from sapropelic organic matter and was the products of thermal cracking of accumulated oils. This study indicates that source rock dominated by sapropelic organic matter existed in the Upper Permian and had made major contribution to the giant Puguang gas field, which has important implication for petroleum exploration in marine sequences in South China. 相似文献
18.
尼雄地区早白垩世磁铁矿以成矿岩体及矿床研究偏多,忽略围岩时代及其成矿地质背景分析。尼雄早白垩世磁铁矿可分为矽卡岩型和热液脉型,而达及藏布地区热液脉型磁铁矿与基性岩脉密切相关,通过共生辉长岩岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄(120.1±1.7 Ma)限定热液脉型磁铁矿成矿时代约120 Ma,与已经确定成矿时代的矽卡岩型铁矿成矿时代一致,指示尼雄矿田两种类型磁铁矿受控于相同的地质背景。通过尼雄岩体碎屑岩围岩(原上二叠统敌布错组)碎屑锆石测年,获得其沉积时代介于130～120 Ma之间,故将上二叠统敌布错组重新厘定为下白垩统则弄群。结合区域地层及岩浆岩新资料,认为冈底斯中部则弄群火山岩与侵位于其中的岩体构成一个早白垩世火山-侵入杂岩体系,其与尼雄矿田早白垩世磁铁矿密切相关。该早白垩世火山-侵入杂岩地球化学特征及尼雄附近浅表层次构造共同指示冈底斯中部在早白垩世处于伸展构造背景。最后,依据伸展构造背景新认识建立了尼雄地区早白垩世磁铁矿成矿地质模型。 相似文献
19.
三江北段东莫扎抓矿区构造变形特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
已有关于青藏高原隆升的各种构造模型多重视新生代变形而忽略了早期构造变形的限制.本文以三江北段东莫扎抓矿区为研究对象,通过详细的构造-岩相填图,恢复了矿区二叠纪以来变形序列,结合区域资料讨论了变形事件的大地构造背景.研究表明矿区发育中-下二叠统九十道班组灰岩、上二叠统那益雄组碎屑岩、上三叠统结扎群甲丕拉组碎屑岩和上三叠统结扎群波里拉组灰岩4套地层系统,二叠系与三叠系之间为不整合接触,局部被近南北向逆断层代替.北西向逆断层横亘矿区,断层上盘三叠纪碎屑岩和灰岩整体北倾,断层下盘三叠纪岩石被左右两条走滑断层夹持向南挤出.在图面和露头尺度上矿区叠加褶皱明显,南北向剖面上多见紧闭的倾伏褶皱,近东西向剖面上则为开阔水平的斜歪褶皱,表明南北向剖面上观察到的是已被叠加的早期褶皱,为矿区第一期变形,其形成与三叠纪末古特提斯洋盆闭合有关.始新世晚期印-亚大陆碰撞地壳缩短形成矿区第二期构造,即北西向逆断层和褶皱叠加.第三期近南北向逆断层可能形成于始新世末,与印-亚大陆碰撞引起的侧向旋转有关. 相似文献
20.
西藏西北部晚二叠世地层新资料 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 藏北地区的晚二叠世地层,文世宣等(1979)报导了羌塘东部双湖热觉茶卡一带的上二叠统,命名为热觉茶卡组。梁定益等(1983)在羌塘西部多玛附近发现位于下二叠统之上和下三叠统之下的一套含Waagenophyllum和腕足类的碎屑岩和碳酸盐地层,称吉普日阿群。诺林(1946)把塔什立克湖至窝尔巴错一带的二叠系称塔什立克湖群,该群的顶 相似文献