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依据穿过巴颜喀拉地块的北部、秦岭地块、祁连地块、海原弧形构造区和鄂尔多斯地块的玛沁-兰州-靖边人工地震剖面的P波、S波的速度结构和泊松比结构,对青藏高原东北缘的地壳组成进行研究,并探讨其动力学过程. 首先,系统地归纳总结出一套将地震测深得到的原位P波速度校正到实验室温压条件下波速的具体可行的方法,利用大地热流值求取地壳不同深度的温度是该方法的关键. 然后,将上述剖面的原位P波速度校正到600 MPa和室温条件下,结合泊松比与相同温压条件下的实验室岩石波速测量结果进行对比,确定研究区的岩性组成. 结果表明,青藏高原东北缘地壳平均P波校正波速为6.43 km/s,地壳整体像上地壳一样呈酸性. 巴颜喀拉地块和秦岭地块南部的下地壳底部缺失校正速度Vp>6.9 km/s的基性岩,下地壳中酸性互层,下地壳整体呈酸性. 其他地块下地壳底部有2～10 km厚的校正速度Vp>6.9 km/s的基性岩,下地壳整体呈中性. 最后,根据青藏高原东北缘地壳结构和组成的研究成果,支持地壳增厚主要发生在下地壳的观点;提出巴颜喀拉地块和秦岭地块南部曾发生过下地壳拆沉作用,并导致高原的加速隆升. 相似文献
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沿乌鲁木齐－库尔勒３５０余公里长的测线上完成了穿越天山的地震转换波野外观测，得出天山造山带的深部构造剖面图和壳内Ｐ，Ｓ波速度结构模型．天山的结晶地壳可分为４层，各层的速度分别是：Ｖｐ值为５．９，６．３，６．６，６．９ｋｍ／ｓ；Ｖｓ值为３．２，３．５，３．７，３．９ｋｍ／ｓ。上地幔顶部的波速：Ｖｐ值为８．１０ｋｍ／ｓ。Ｖｓ值为４．６ｋｍ／ｓ。天山地区的地壳厚度为４２－５６ｋｍ，中天山最厚，达到５０－５６ｋｍ。地壳中部存在低速透镜体。探测结果表明，天山大地构造可分为北天山、中天山和南天山３个区，其地壳深部构造特征各不相同。用颤动构造理论来解释天山造山带的形成机制和演化较板块构造理论更为合理。 相似文献
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沿乌鲁木齐－库尔勒３５０余公里长的测线上完成了穿越天山的地震转换波野外观测，得出天山造山带的深部构造剖面图和壳内Ｐ，Ｓ波速度结构模型．天山的结晶地壳可分为４层，各层的速度分别是：Ｖｐ值为５．９，６．３，６．６，６．９ｋｍ／ｓ；Ｖｓ值为３．２，３．５，３．７，３．９ｋｍ／ｓ。上地幔顶部的波速：Ｖｐ值为８．１０ｋｍ／ｓ。Ｖｓ值为４．６ｋｍ／ｓ。天山地区的地壳厚度为４２－５６ｋｍ，中天山最厚，达到５０－５６ｋｍ。地壳中部存在低速透镜体。探测结果表明，天山大地构造可分为北天山、中天山和南天山３个区，其地壳深部构造特征各不相同。用颤动构造理论来解释天山造山带的形成机制和演化较板块构造理论更为合理。 相似文献
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新生代期间,中国大陆西部受印度一欧亚板块碰撞和青藏高原隆升影响,以地壳缩短、增厚、陆内造山和强烈地震活动等为主要特征.在青藏高原东北边缘,高原物质侧向移动被鄂尔多斯地块所阻,在六盘山地区发育了一系列左旋斜冲断裂.断裂带周缘构造变形强烈,地震活动频繁,是研究青藏高原横向扩展控制大陆内部弥散变形的理想场所.本文对穿越青藏高原东北缘一六盘山断裂带一鄂尔多斯地块的宽角反射与折射地震资料使用层析成像和射线反演算法进行成像,获得了研究区地壳速度结构模型,其结果反映出六盘山断裂带两侧地壳结构、构造特征差异显著:1)上地壳层析成像结果显示鄂尔多斯盆地一侧地壳上部速度较低,等值线呈近水平状,具有典型的沉积盆地特征,而青藏高原东北缘一侧上地壳速度相对较高,横向变化剧烈,呈褶皱状,二者的分界为海原一六盘山逆冲走滑断裂;2)全地壳射线反演结果显示鄂尔多斯地块地壳速度梯度大,下地壳底部速度高由铁镁质物质组成,具有典型稳定古老克拉通的特征,青藏高原东北缘地壳速度总体较低,主要由长英质及长英-铁镁质过渡物质组成,具有典型造山带的特征,而六盘山断裂带下方地壳速度结构复杂,层面呈拱形,部分层出现速度逆转,为两个构造单元的接触过渡带;3)青藏高原东北缘一侧地壳厚度~50 km,鄂尔多斯地块地壳厚度~42 km,六盘山断裂带下方莫霍面发生叠置,揭示出青藏高原东北缘、鄂尔多斯地壳在六盘山下汇聚,较薄且刚性的鄂尔多斯地壳挤入较厚且塑性的青藏高原东北缘地壳中的构造模式. 相似文献
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Surface wave dispersion is studied to obtain the 1-D average velocity structure of the crust in the Korean Peninsula by inverting
group- and phase-velocities jointly. Group velocities of short-period Rayleigh and Love waves are obtained from cross-correlations
of seismic noise. Multiple-filter analysis is used to extract the group velocities at periods between 0.5 and 20 s. Phase
velocities of Rayleigh waves in 10- and 50-s periods are obtained by applying the two-station method to teleseismic data.
Dispersion curves of all group and phase velocities are jointly inverted for the 1-D average model of the Korean Peninsula.
The resultant model from surface wave analysis can be used as an initial model for numerical modeling of observations of North
Korean events for a velocity model appropriated to the Korean Peninsula. The iterative process is focused especially on the
surface sedimentary layer in the numerical modeling. The final model, modified by numerical modeling from the initial model,
indicates that the crust shear wave velocity increases with depth from 2.16 km/s for a 2-km-thick surface sedimentary layer
to 3.79 km/s at a Moho depth of 33 km, and the upper mantle has a velocity of 4.70 km/s. 相似文献
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为研究南岭-武夷交汇区深部动力学过程提供深部背景资料和科学依据,本文利用远震P波接收函数H-κ叠加和共转换点（CCP）叠加两种方法获取了研究区66个宽频带流动台站及24个固定台站下方的地壳厚度、泊松比和Moho面起伏形态,揭示了扬子地块与华夏地块地壳结构及泊松比变化特征,给出了南岭和武夷之间一条莫霍凸起带的高分辨图像.
结果显示：（1）研究区内地壳厚度平均值为31.2 km,泊松比平均值为0.23,总体呈现薄地壳、低泊松比的特点.地壳厚度从西北往东南由厚变薄,与区域地壳伸展特征相一致.（2）在韶关-赣州-吉安-南昌一线存在条带状薄地壳结构,平均值为28 km,呈南西-北东向展布,对应的泊松比值略微升高.推测地壳减薄带的形成可能与来自南海方向的地幔热流上涌有关.（3）江南造山带的泊松比整体偏低,存在两处平均值小于0.21的区域.华夏地块内地壳厚度与泊松比之间存在弱的负相关,表示随着地壳厚度的增大,铁镁质的下地壳厚度在整个地壳厚度中所占的比例减小. 相似文献
结果显示：（1）研究区内地壳厚度平均值为31.2 km,泊松比平均值为0.23,总体呈现薄地壳、低泊松比的特点.地壳厚度从西北往东南由厚变薄,与区域地壳伸展特征相一致.（2）在韶关-赣州-吉安-南昌一线存在条带状薄地壳结构,平均值为28 km,呈南西-北东向展布,对应的泊松比值略微升高.推测地壳减薄带的形成可能与来自南海方向的地幔热流上涌有关.（3）江南造山带的泊松比整体偏低,存在两处平均值小于0.21的区域.华夏地块内地壳厚度与泊松比之间存在弱的负相关,表示随着地壳厚度的增大,铁镁质的下地壳厚度在整个地壳厚度中所占的比例减小. 相似文献
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华北克拉通北缘—西伯利亚板块南缘（张家口—中蒙边界）的深地震测深剖面长600 km,跨越华北板块、内蒙造山带和西伯利亚板块.沿测线采用8个1.5t的爆炸震源激发地震波,使用300套数字地震仪接收,取得了高质量的地震资料.通过资料分析和处理,识别出沉积层及结晶基底的折射波（Pg）、上地壳底面的反射波（P2）、中地壳内的反射波（P3）、中地壳底面的反射波（P4）、下地壳内的反射波（P5,仅在镶黄旗—苏尼特右旗下方出现）和莫霍面的反射波（Pm）等6个震相.采用地震动力学射线方法（seis88）得到的地壳速度结构表明：（1）在华北板块与内蒙造山带之间,内蒙造山带与西伯利亚板块之间,上地壳中存在明显的高速度局部变化,在地表发育大量的古生代花岗岩体、超基性岩体.（2）在中下地壳华北板块南缘的地震波速度大,为6.3~6.7 km/s,西伯利亚板块北缘的速度小,为6.1~6.7 km/s,且界面比较平缓.原因是在内蒙造山带内地壳的缩短和隆升造山引起了中下地壳界面的剧烈起伏,不同海陆块的拼合和物质交换导致了不同区域速度的不均匀性.（3）莫霍面在赤峰断裂带（F2）以南和索伦敖包—阿鲁科尔沁旗断裂带（F4）以北较为平缓,平均深度为40~42 km.在F2—F4之间呈双莫霍面,莫霍面1明显上隆,深度为33.5 km,层速度为6.6~6.7 km/s.莫霍面2明显下凹,在西拉木伦河断裂带（F3）下方,最深达到47 km,速度达到最大为6.8~6.9 km/s,这可能是由壳幔物质混合引起的.依据莫霍面的特点,本文认为双莫霍面以南为华北板块北缘,以北为西伯利亚板块南缘,拼合位置在赤峰断裂带（F2）与索伦敖包—阿鲁科尔沁旗断裂带（F4）之间的区域. 相似文献
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POISSON'S RATIO VARIATIONS OF CRUSTAL MEDIA BEFORE AND AFTER XINYUAN-HEJING MS6.6 EARTHQUAKE IN 2012 
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下载免费PDF全文 TANG Ming-shuai WANG Hai-tao WEI Yun-yun LI Yan-yong GE Can WANG Qiong SU Jin-bo WEI Bin 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1123-1135
We analyzed the variation characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crustal media from January 2009 to December 2012 at 11 fixed seismic stations(for station SCH, it is from January 2006 to December 2012)within an epicenter distance of 200km of the Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake in Xinjiang on June 30, 2012 using the methods of P wave receiver functions, H-κ stacking of receiver functions, and time sliding window, and obtained the following conclusions:
(1)The crustal media's Poisson ratio of five stations in an epicenter distance less than 130km showed a significant and long-lasting decline about 2~3 years before Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake. Taking the crustal Poisson ratio mean value as reference, the decrease ranges between 0.003 and 0.014, the decrease in 4 stations are more than twice the mean error. The variations of the Poisson's ratio in crust are characterized by "V" shape or "double V" shape. Earthquakes occur at the end of the formation of "V" shape. After the occurrence of earthquakes, the Poisson's ratio continues to rise. The earliest initial fall appeared in July 2009 at WUS station which has the minimum epicentral distance(77km). The Poisson ratio of the crustal media of 6 stations with epicentral distance more than 150km fluctuated up and down around the mean value, and there is no significant decline or persistent low value.
(2)We analyzed the arrival-time variations of the quasi-repetitive receiver functions Ps converted wave(tPs)of the 3 stations WUS, SCH and XNY and found that the travel times of Ps converted waves became smaller in the crust before the earthquake and increased after the earthquake.
(3)Through the comprehensive analysis on the descending process, decline ranges, variations process, duration of Poisson' ratio, the Ps converted waves arrival time variations, the original time of earthquake, and the number of stations, it is inferred that the cause for Poisson's ratio anomalous variations is the change of physical properties of crustal media in the process of earthquake preparation and occurrence. Since the variation characteristics of crustal media may be related to the earthquake magnitude, the size of seismogenic area, the medium properties under stations, and the focal distance, whether the medium variation characteristics exist before and after Xinyuan-Hejing MS6.6 earthquake will need more earthquake cases analyses.
(4)The H-κ stacking of receiver functions is used to calculate the velocity ratio. Because P-wave velocity is given, this method can only be applied when the Ps converted wave velocity of Moho surface of receiver functions changes before an earthquake. With the application of receiver functions to the analysis of more earthquake cases, we can gain more insights into the variation of crustal medium parameters during the seismogenic process. This observation indicates that the receiver function method may become a new approach to detect the Poisson's ratio change of the crustal media before strong earthquake under the condition of high seismic network density. 相似文献
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Long-range seismic sounding carried out during the last few years on the territory of the U.S.S.R. has shown a basic inhomogeneity of the uppermost mantle, as well as evidence of regularities in the distribution of its seismic parameters. The following data were used: times and apparent velocities of P- and S-waves for investigation of mantle velocities, converted waves for seismic discontinuity model studies and wave attenuation for Q-factor estimation. Strong regularities were distinguished in the distribution of average seismic velocities for the uppermost mantle, in their dependence on the age and type of geostructure and on their position relative to the central part of the continent. Old platforms and the inner part of the continent are marked by velocities under the Mohorovi?i? discontinuity of more than 8.2–8.3 km s?1, young platforms and outer parts of the continent by 8.0–8.2 km s?1, and orogenic and rift zones by 7.8–8.0 km s?1. The difference becomes more pronounced at a depth of about 100–200 km: for the old platform mantle velocities of 8.5–8.6 km s?1 are typical; beneath the orogenic and rift areas, inversion zones with velocities less than 7.8 km s?1 are observed.The converted waves show fine inhomogeneities of the crust and uppermost mantle, the presence of many discontinuities with positive and negative changes of velocity, and anisotropy of seismic waves in some of the layers. Wave attenuation allowed the determination of the Q-factor in the mantle. It varied from one region to another but a close relation between Q and P-wave velocity is the main cause of its variation. 相似文献
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为了探明南海北部海陆过渡带的深部地壳结构,我们在香港外海域进行了一次海陆地震联洲的实验,利用固定地震台网远距离接收海上气枪信号,接收距离远达200多km,并利用此次实验的测线1剖面模拟得到了海陆过渡带的深部地壳速度结构.速度结构模型表明:研究区海陆过渡带的地壳结构非均匀性较明显,由陆至海沉积层有一个突然增厚的特点;莫霍面深度约为26～29 km,上地壳P波速度约为5.5～6.4 km/s,下地壳P波速度为6.5～6.9 km/s.在担杆列岛往海方向有一个低速破碎带,其上地壳P波速度为5.2～6.1 km/s,下地壳P波速度为6.2～6.4 km/s,结合野外地质调查的结果,推测它可能为滨海断裂带.在担杆列岛往陆方向香港和深圳之间的研究区域,莫霍面有较大起伏,可能与此处发育的海丰断裂有关. 相似文献
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2009年,中国地质科学院地质研究所与美国俄克拉荷马大学合作实施了一条长453 km的深地震反射、宽角反射与折射、三分量反射地震联合探测剖面. 剖面南起怀来盆地,向北依次穿过燕山造山带西缘、内蒙地轴、白乃庙弧带、温都尔庙杂岩带,到达索伦缝合带. 其中,宽角反射与折射剖面采用8个0.5~1.5 t炸药震源激发,使用300套Texan单分量数字检波器接收,获得了高质量的地震资料. 通过资料分析和处理,识别出沉积层及结晶基底的折射波（Pg）、来自上地壳底界面的反射波（Pcp）,中地壳底界面的反射波（Plp）,莫霍界面的反射波（Pmp）及上地幔顶部的折射波（Pn）等5个震相. 分别采用Hole有限差分层析成像和Rayinvr算法对华北克拉通北缘及中亚造山带南部进行了上地壳P波速度结构成像和全地壳二维射线追踪反演成像. 结果显示：（1）中亚造山带地壳厚度~40 km,变化平缓,低于全球平均造山带地壳平均厚度,可能为造山后区域伸展的结果. 阴山-燕山带附近莫霍明显加深,推测其为燕山期造山过程形成的山根,但该山根很可能在后期被改造. （2）测线中部地壳上部速度较高,对应地表大面积花岗岩出露,而下地壳速度较低,速度梯度低,呈通道状,推测其可能曾为古亚洲洋向南俯冲消亡的主动陆缘,并在碰撞后演变为伸展环境下岩浆侵入的通道. （3）华北克拉通北缘与中亚造山带显示出不同速度变化特征,前者变化相对缓而后者则变化剧烈,二者的分界出现在赤峰-白云鄂博断裂附近. 相似文献
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Characteristics of pCO_2 in surface water of the Bering Abyssal Plain and their effects on carbon cycle in the western Arctic Ocean 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CHEN Liqi GAO Zhongyong WANG Weiqiang & YANG Xulin .Key Lab of Global Change Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China .Chinese Arctic Antarctic Administration Beijing China .Third Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Liqi 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(11)
The global warming has obviously been causingthe Arctic sea ice shrinking and thinning during thelast 30 years, which would increase free ice waters andenhance biological productivity. These changes willimpact the source and sink of carbon in the ArcticOcean and subarctic waters as well as a feedback tothe global change[1—3]. The Chukchi Sea is located in the southwest ofthe western Arctic Ocean and the Bering Sea in thenorthwest of the North Pacific Ocean. Both seas are 1997—2001) and… 相似文献
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Crustal structures around the Yamato Basin in the southeastern Sea of Japan, inferred from recent ocean bottom seismography (OBS) and active-source seismological studies, are reviewed to elucidate various stages of crustal modification involved from rifting in the crust of the surrounding continental arc to the production of oceanic crust in the Yamato Basin of the back-arc basin. The northern, central, and southern areas of the Yamato Basin have crustal thicknesses of approximately 12–16 km, and lowermost crusts with P-wave velocities greater than 7.2 km/s. Very few units have P-wave velocities in the range 5.4–6.0 km/s, which corresponds to the continental upper crust. These findings, combined with previous geochemical analysis of basalt samples, are interpreted to indicate that a thick oceanic crust has been formed in these areas of the basin, and that this oceanic crust has been underplated by mantle-derived magma. In the central Yamato Basin, the original continental crust has been fully breached and oceanic crust has been formed. Conversely, the presence of a unit corresponding to the continental upper crust and the absence of a high-velocity part in the lower crust implies that the southwestern edge of the Yamato Basin has a rifted crust without significant intrusion. The Oki Trough has a crust that is 17–19 km thick with a high-velocity lower crust and a unit corresponding to the continental upper crust. The formation of the Oki Trough resulted from rifting with magmatic intrusion and/or underplating. We interpret these variations in the crustal characteristics of the Yamato Basin area as reflecting various instances of crustal modification by thinning and magmatic intrusion due to back-arc extension, resulting in the production of a thick oceanic crust in the basin. 相似文献
17.
Ali A. Gharib 《Acta Geophysica》2006,54(4):361-377
The crustal structure of North Abu-Simbel area was studied using spectral ratios of short-period P waves. Three-component short period seismograms from the Masmas seismic station of the Egyptian National Seismic Network
Stations were used. The Thomson-Haskell matrix formulation was applied for linearly elastic, homogeneous crustal layers. The
obtained model suggests that the crust under the study region consists of a thin (0.8 km) superficial top layer with a P-wave velocity of 3.8±0.7 km/s and three distinct layers with a mean P-wave velocity of 6.6 km/s, overlaying the upper mantle
with a P-wave velocity of 8.3 km/s (fixed).
The results were obtained for 14 different earthquakes. The P-wave velocities of the three layers are: 5.8±0.6 km/s, 6.5±0.4 km/s and 7.2±0.3 km/s. The total depth to the Moho interface
is 32±2 km. The crustal velocity model estimated using observations is relatively simple, being characterized by smooth velocity
variations through the middle and lower crust and normal crustal thickness. The resultant crustal model is consistent with
the model obtained from previous deep seismic soundings along the northern part of Aswan lake zone. 相似文献
18.
在云南西部,穿过红河、小江断裂带完成了一条长360 km、呈北东向的深地震宽角反射/折射剖面.通过对该测线的观测资料进行一维、二维模拟解释,得到了沿剖面的二维地壳速度模型.研究结果显示,沿测线Moho界面埋深横线变化大,其西南侧Moho埋深约35 km,东北侧Moho最大埋深可达43 km.沿剖面从西南到北东方向,地壳平均P波速度从5.9 km/s逐渐增加到6.13 km/s,但显著低于全球大陆平均值.结合以往的接收函数和面波联合反演结果,我们推算沿测线从西南到东北,其下方地壳泊松比介于0.23~0.25之间.剖面西南侧上地壳具有异常低的P波速度和泊松比,暗示其下方上地壳以α-相长英质组分为主;而剖面东北上地壳相对较高的P波速度和泊松比则暗示其物质组成以花岗岩-花岗闪长岩为主.研究区下地壳的P波速度和泊松比分别介于6.25~6.75 km/s和0.24~0.26 km/s之间,暗示其上部组成以花岗岩相的片麻岩为主,而下部组成则以角闪石类岩石为主.红河断裂两侧地壳速度显著不同,从浅到深其速度差异逐渐变弱,但红河断裂两侧地壳厚度变化较大.而小江断裂下方两侧地壳速度和地壳厚度变化并没有红河断裂那么明显. 相似文献
19.
TONG WeiWei WANG LiangShu MI Ning XU MingJie LI Hua YU DaYong LI Cheng LIU ShaoWen LIU Mian Eric SanDvol 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(Z2):227-233
A portable broadband seismic array was deployed from the northeast Tibetan Plateau to the southwest Ordos block, China. The seismic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the Liupanshan area is obtained using receiver function analysis of teleseismic body waves. The crustal thickness and Poisson's ratios are estimated by stacking the weighted amplitudes of receiver functions. Our results reveal complex seismic phases in the Liupanshan area, implying intense deformation at the boundary between the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos block. The average crustal thickness is 51.5 km in the northeast Tibetan Plateau, 53.5 km in the Liupan Mountain and 50 km in the southwest Ordos block, resulting in a concave Moho beneath the Liupan Mountain. The Poisson's ratio of the Liupanshan area varies between 0.27-0.29, higher than the value of 0.25-0.26 to the east and west of the Liupan Mountain, suggesting partial melting in the lower crust. The variance in Poisson's ratio across the Liupan Mountain indicates notable changes in the crustal composition and mechanical properties, which may be formed by the northeastward flow of the Tibetan lower crust during the India-Eurasia collision. 相似文献
20.
由弹性波纵横波速比计算得到的泊松比,在利用地震波反演地下结构和物质组成时,可以提供比单纯地利用纵波或者横波波速更强的约束. 为了研究不同岩石中泊松比及其各向异性随围压的变化,选取19块典型的岩石样品,在不同围压下沿相互正交的3个方向同时测量纵、横波速度,并通过计算得到了泊松比及其各向异性. 结果表明,在大部分样品中泊松比各向异性与纵波速度各向异性有一定的相关性,但在有的样品中泊松比各向异性与纵波速度各向异性没有明显的关系,甚至表现出完全相反的变化规律. 由于泊松比也表现出很强的各向异性,在排除微裂隙的影响后有的仍可以达到30髎以上,在利用实际地震波传播数据通过泊松比反演地下物质结构时必须考虑其各向异性的影响. 相似文献