共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
Quantitative archaeoseismological investigation of the Great Theatre of Larissa, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. Caputo K.-G. Hinzen D. Liberatore S. Schreiber B. Helly A. Tziafalias 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(2):347-366
Larissa, the capital of Thessaly, is located in the eastern part of Central Greece, at the southern border of a Late Quarternary
graben, the Tyrnavos Basin. Palaeoseismological, morphotectonic, and geophysical investigations as well as historical and
instrumental records show evidences for seismic activity in this area. Previous investigations documented the occurrence of
several moderate to strong earthquakes during Holocene time on active faults with recurrence intervals of a few thousand years.
The historical and instrumental records suggest a period of seismic quiescence during the last 400–500 years. The present
archaeoseismological research, based on a multidisciplinary approach is devoted to improve the knowledge on past earthquakes,
which occurred in the area. This study focuses on damages observed on the walls of the scene building of the Great Theatre of Larissa. The Theatre was built at the beginning of the third century BC and consists of
a semicircular auditorium, an almost circular arena and a main scene building. Archaeological and historical investigations document a partial destruction of the theatre during the second to
first century BC. Recent excavations show that the building complex after it was repaired suffered additional structural damages,
probably from seismic loading. The damages investigated in detail are displacements, rotations and ruptures of numerous blocks
at the walls of the scene building. In order to test the earthquake hypothesis as cause of the damages a simplified seismotectonic model of the Tyrnavos
Basin and its surroundings was used with a composite earthquake source model to calculate synthetic seismograms at the Larissa
site for various earthquake scenarios. Horizontal to vertical seismic ratio (HVSR) measurements in the theatre and its vicinity
were used to estimate local site effects. The synthetic seismograms are then used as input accelerations for a finite element
model of the walls, which simulates seismically induced in-plane sliding within the walls. Results show that some of the surrounding
faults have the potential to produce seismic ground motion that can induce in-plane sliding of blocks. Model calculations
were used to constrain the characteristics of the ground acceleration and infer the causative fault and earthquake by comparing
the calculated and observed distribution of the displacements of the blocks. Ground motions with a PGA at the site of 0.62–0.82 g,
which could be induced by an M 5.8–6.0 earthquake on the nearby Larissa Fault, would be sufficient to explain the damage. 相似文献
2.
Oriented collapse of columns, large-scale destruction debris and temporary abandonment of the area deduced from an archaeological excavation provide evidence for a major (intensity IX) earthquake in Patras, Greece. This, and possibly a cluster of other earthquakes, can be derived from archaeological data. These earthquakes are not included in the historical seismicity catalogues, but can be used to put constraints to the seismic risk of this city. Patras was affected by a cluster of poorly documented earthquakes between 1714 and 1806. The city seems to be exposed to risks of progressive reactivation of a major strike-slip fault. A magnitude 6.4 earthquake in 2008 has been related to it. This fault has also been associated with a total of four events in the last 20 years, a situation reminiscent of the seismic hazard at the western edge of the North Anatolian Fault. 相似文献
4.
Evolution of cumulative Coulomb failure stress in northeastern Qinghai-Xizang （Tibetan） Plateau and its effect on large earthquake occurrence 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
We simulate accumulative Coulomb failure stress change in a layered Maxwell viscoelastic media in the north-eastern Qinghai-Xizang(Tibetan)Plateau since 1920.Lithospheric stress/strain evolution is assumed to be drivenby dislocations of large earthquakes(M≥7.0)and secular tectonic loading.The earthquake rupture parameters suchas the fault rupture length,width,and slip are either adopted from field investigations or estimated from their sta-tistic relationships with the earthquake magnitudes and seismic moments.Our study shows that among 20 largeearthquakes(M≥7.0)investigated,17 occurred in areas where the Coulomb failure stress change is positive,with atriggering rate of 85%.This study provides essential data for the intermediate to long-term likelihood estimation oflarge earthquakes in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
5.
In this article we have compared the results of seismotectonic and paleoseismogeologic investigations for representative segments
of the two fold systems of the Alpine-Himalayan mobile belt (in the North- west Caucasus and West Himalayas). It has been
found that during the previously identified “seismic gaps,” in both cases, we are dealing with primary dislocations (seismic
ruptures) of ancient historical and prehistoric strong earthquakes. According to estimations, the magnitude of one-act seismogenic
displacements in the first region was about 6.5-7.0 m, and the recurrence period ranges from 500 to 1500 years on average.
In the West Himalayas, the overthrust displacements along the ruptures were 6-7 m, which corresponds to an 8.0-magnitude earthquake.
At the same time, the recurrence period of strong earthquakes during a seismic gap in the Himalayas was 500-1000 years, which
is similar to that in the Caucasus. The data collected also demonstrate the correct preliminary estimation of the seismic
potential of zones of seismic quiescence in both the studied fold systems. 相似文献
6.
7.
This study is concerned with quantitative estimation of the relationship between earthquakes and tectonic crustal fragmentation
based on a correlation analysis of fault density with seismicity parameters (the number and energy of earthquakes per unit
area) for the Sredne-Yamskoi seismic junction and adjacent area. The highest level of seismic activity and the highest probability
of earthquake occurrence with energy classes K ≥ 12 within areas that have a continental crust with a well-pronounced granite layer occur in those areas with the mean fault
density. Within areas with a thinner granite layer in the crust, the most likely seismic events are K ≥ 12 earthquakes that occur in areas with lower fault density. We estimated the relationship between the degree of crustal
fragmentation and the topography of stratification interfaces in the crust as identified by new interpretative gravimetry.
Zones with the lowest degree of fragmentation tend to be areas where the top of the crystalline basement lies deeper. 相似文献
8.
A. M. Korzhenkov V. A. Kol’chenko D. V. Luzhanskii S. V. Abdieva E. V. Deev J. V. Mazeika E. A. Rogozhin S. N. Rodina M. V. Rodkin A. B. Fortuna T. A. Charimov A. S. Yudakhin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2016,52(2):218-232
We carried out archaeoseismological studies in the Southern Issyk-Kul region (Kyrgyz Tien Shan) and obtained radiocarbon datings of the collected samples. These data suggest that the sources of strong earthquakes have occurred in this territory in the 11th and (probably) 16th centuries. These earthquakes had magnitude M ≥ 7 and seismic intensity of at least I ≥ 9. The sources of these earthquakes were associated with the local adyr (piedmont) faults—components of the Pre-Terskei border fault. Our results demonstrate considerable underestimation of the seismic hazard for the South Issyk-Kul region in the latest Seismic Zoning Map of Kyrgyz Republic (2012), which should be taken into account in the construction of the new seismic zoning map for Kyrgyzstan. 相似文献
9.
Franck A. Audemard 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(3):311-326
In light of the July 9, 1997, Cariaco earthquake, it is clearly understood now that damage in the city of Cumaná – located
in northeastern Venezuela and frequently destroyed by the largest earthquakes since the first recorded event in 1530 – is
strongly enhanced by poor soil conditions that, in turn, are responsible for site amplification and widespread earthquake-induced
effects. Therefore, most previous macroseismic studies of historical earthquakes must be revaluated because those localized
high-intensity values at Cumaná surely led to the misestimation of past epicenters. Preliminary paleoseismic results, gathered
at three exploratory trenches dug across the surface break of the Cariaco 1997 earthquake in 1998, allow us to associate the
1684 earthquake with this recently ruptured fault segment that extends between the towns of San Antonio del Golfo and Río
Casanay (roughly between the two gulfs of Cariaco and Paria, state of Sucre). Other major results from the reassessment of
the seismic history of this fault are: (a) the 1766 event seems to have generated in a different source to the El Pilar fault
because the size of the felt area suggests that it is an intermediate-depth earthquake; (b) damage to Cumaná produced by the
1797 event suggests that this was a local earthquake, perhaps equivalent to the 1929 earthquake, which ruptured for some 30 km
just east of Cumaná into the Gulf of Cariaco; and (c) seismogenic association of the 1530 and 1853 earthquakes still remains
unclear but it is very likely that these ruptures occurred offshore, as suggested by the rather large tsunami waves that both
events have generated, placing their hypocenters west of Cumaná in the Cariaco Trough. This reassessment also sheds light
into the El Pilar fault segmentation and the behavior of its seismogenic barriers through time. 相似文献
10.
贵州沿河MS4.9地震发生在历史地震强度较低的上扬子地块凤冈SN向隔槽式褶皱变形区。通过地震地质背景分析、震害调查、震源机制解、断层调查和库区水位变化情况等,得到主要认识如下:由于震源深度浅、灾区老旧自建房抗震性能差,导致本次地震直接经济损失严重;本次地震主震的机制解为节面Ⅰ:走向61°/倾角35°/滑动角135°,节面Ⅱ:走向190°/倾角66°/滑动角63°,表现为走向NE、逆冲兼平移型运动方式;结合等震线走向及震中主要断层性质,判断NE向沿河断层为本次地震主震的发震构造,并进一步推测此次地震为水库诱发断层活化引起的地震。 相似文献
11.
Excavations in the former Roman provincial capital of Pannonia Superior, Carnuntum, 40 km east of Vienna revealed damaged masonry structures from many parts of the ancient settlements. A compilation of structurally damaged buildings has formerly been given by Kandler (Acta Archaeol Acad Sci Hung, 41:313–336, 1989), who related damage to an earthquake in the middle of the fourth century a.d. This paper reviews and supplements these data, and discusses the significance of the style of damage. It is concluded that seismic damage is the only likely interpretation for the damaging mechanism. Although archaeological age dating for the individual collapsed buildings only constrains the timing of their destruction to a few decades around 350 a.d., we assume a single damaging event. In spite of the restrictions on damage assessment by the nature of the archaeological data, it is possible to give a reasonable appraisal of macroseismic intensity. The tentative seismological interpretation of damage leads to an intensity estimate of about nine of the European macroseismic scale (EMS-1998). Comparison with macroseismic data of modern earthquakes in the region, which show a rapid decrease of intensity with distance form the epicentre, indicate a near-by seismic source unless exceptionally high epicentral intensities are assumed for the fourth century event. The most likely source is an active sinistral strike-slip fault (Lassee Fault) passing about 8 km NW of the archaeological site. The fault belongs to Vienna Basin fault system with about 2 mm sinistral movement per year. The system is characterized by fault segmentation and distinct seismicity along the different segments. Moderate seismicity during the last centuries at the southern segments (e.g., Schwadorf 1927, I
0=8) strongly contrasts from the Lassee fault segment with Carnuntum as the only known severe earthquake. The earthquake of Carnuntum provides evidence for the overall seismic style of deformation along this segment, which previously has not been regarded seismically active. Also, the fourth century earthquake is the strongest event known from the Vienna Basin fault so far. 相似文献
12.
13.
E. Mantovani M. Viti D. Babbucci D. Albarello N. Cenni A. Vannucchi 《Journal of Seismology》2010,14(1):53-65
We argue that the study of long-range interaction between seismic sources in the peri-Adriatic regions may significantly contribute
to estimating seismic hazard in Italy. This hypothesis is supported by the reconstruction of the geodynamic and tectonic settings
in the Central Mediterranean region, the space–time distribution of major past earthquakes, and the quantification of post-seismic
relaxation. The most significant evidence of long-distance interaction is recognized for the Southern Apennines, whose major
earthquakes have almost regularly followed within a few years the largest events in the Montenegro-Albania zone since 1850.
Statistical analyses of the post-1850 earthquake catalogues give a probability of about 10% that a major event in the Southern
Apennines is not preceded by the occurrence of a strong event in the Southern Dinarides–Albanides within 3–5 years. Conversely,
the probability of false alarms is relevant (50% within 3 years, 33% within 5 years). Northward, the tectonic setting and
some patterns of regularity seen in major events suggest that the seismic activation of the main transtensional decoupling
shear zones in the Central Apennines should influence the probability of major earthquakes in the Northern Apennines. 相似文献
14.
The seismic risk analysis evaluation in the Mediterranean area is one of the main tasks for the preservation of Cultural Heritage and for the sustainable development of Mediterranean cities. The Mediterranean area is characterised by a medium–high level of seismic risk, so that earthquakes are the major cause for the destruction of monuments, residential and industrial buildings. A case history regarding the seismic risk analysis for the city of Catania (Italy) is presented, since the city has been heavy damaged in the past by strong earthquakes such as the 1169 earthquake (XI MCS), the 1542 earthquake (IX MCS), the 1693 earthquake (XI MCS) and the 1818 earthquake (VIII MCS) etc., which caused several thousands of deaths. Fault modelling, attenuation laws, synthetic accelerograms, recorded accelerograms and site effects are considered for the evaluation of the seismic action. Vulnerability of physical environment, related to the presence of cavities and to seismic-induced landslides and liquefaction has been analysed, with special reference to the new modelling of such phenomena and to the application of models to given areas. Soil–structure Interaction has been analysed for some geotechnical works, such as shallow foundation and retaining wall, by means of physical and numerical modelling. The paper deals with the vulnerability of physical environment (landslides, liquefaction, etc.), while the road map continues with the analysis of vulnerability of monuments and buildings, with the aim of the estimation of the seismic resistance required to defend against the seismic action given by the scenario earthquake. For the mitigation of seismic risk, structural improvements of R.C. buildings with different methodology and techniques have been analysed, as well as the guideline for the strengthening of buildings. The work shows that the seismic risk of the city is not a summation of the seismic risk of each building, because the vulnerability of the urban system plays an important role on the seismic risk evaluation of a given city. To this aim the vulnerability of the road infrastructures, lifelines, and urban framework have been also analysed in the project. 相似文献
15.
16.
Andrey M. Korjenkov J. Ramon Arrowsmith Christopher Crosby Ernes Mamyrov Lyubov A. Orlova Irina E. Povolotskaya Kubatbek Tabaldiev 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(4):431-442
A paleoseismological study of the medieval Kamenka fortress in the northern part of the Issyk-Kul Lake depression, northern Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, revealed an oblique slip thrust fault scarp offsetting the fortification walls. This 700 m long scarp is not related to the 1911 Kebin Earthquake (Ms 8.2) fault scarps which are widespread in the region. As analysis of stratigraphy in a paleoseismic trench and archaeological evidence reveal, it can be assigned to a major twelfth century a.d. earthquake which produced up to 4 m of oblique slip thrusting antithetic to that of the nearby dominant faults. The inferred surface rupturing earthquake apparently caused the fortress destruction and was likely the primary reason for its abandonment, not the Mongolian–Tatar invasions as previously thought. 相似文献
17.
Based on Generalized Seismic Ray Theory (Helmberger, 1968), a new quickly linear inversion method from the data of seismic
waveform to seismic moment tensor and source mechanism for domestic earthquake is studied in this paper. Six moderately strong
earthquakes which occurred in Chinese mainland in the past few years are studied. The seismic source parameters of these earthquakes,
seismic moment tensors, scalar seismic moments, fault plane solutions and source time functionsetc, are obtained.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 261–268, 1993. 相似文献
18.
The long-time practice of observational research on earthquake prediction has shown that the information on short-term and
imminent earthquake precursors can hardly be detected, but it is very important for practical and effective earthquake prediction.
The result of analysis and study in this paper has shown that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may be
a kind of reliable information on short-term and imminent earthquake precursors. On such a basis, the 20 years’ continuous
and reliable data of atmospheric electric field observed at the Baijiatuan seismic station are used to study the correlation
between the anomalies in seismic activity and relative quiet periods bear on the occurrence of near earthquakes within 200
km range around Beijing after the Tangshan earthquake. The observational results recently reported before hand in written
form and earthquakes that actually occurred in near field in corresponding time periods are compared and analyzed. The efficacy
of these written prediction opinions about near earthquakes in the recent 10 years is tested. From the test results, the brilliant
prospect that the anomaly of quasi-static atmospheric electric field may really become a reliable mark for making short-term
and imminent earthquake predictions is discussed. Besides, as a preliminary step, some judgment indexes for predicting earthquakes
by use of the observational data of atmospheric electric field before earthquakes are put forward. In the last part, it is
pointed out that it would be possible to obtain more believable judgment indexes for determining the three elements of near
earthquakes before greater earthquakes (M
S≥5) only if a relatively reasonable station network (2–4 stations every 10 000 km2) is deployed and further investigation is made.
Contribution No. 97A0040, Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, China.
This subject is sponsored by Program No. 95-04-05-01-04, State Seismological Bureau, China. 相似文献
19.
20.
Jayant Nath Tripathi 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(1):119-130
Kutch region of Gujrat is one of the most seismic prone regions of India. Recently, it has been rocked by a large earthquake (M
w
= 7.7) on January 26, 2001. The probabilities of occurrence of large earthquake (M≥6.0 and M≥5.0) in a specified interval of time for different elapsed times have been estimated on the basis of observed time-intervals between the large earthquakes (M≥6.0 and M≥5.0) using three probabilistic models, namely, Weibull, Gamma and Lognormal. The earthquakes of magnitude ≥5.0 covering about 180 years have been used for this analysis. However, the method of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) has been applied for computation of earthquake hazard parameters. The mean interval of occurrence of earthquakes and standard deviation are estimated as 20.18 and 8.40 years for M≥5.0 and 36.32 and 12.49 years, for M≥6.0, respectively, for this region. For the earthquakes M≥5.0, the estimated cumulative probability reaches 0.8 after about 27 years for Lognormal and Gamma models and about 28 years for Weibull model while it reaches 0.9 after about 32 years for all the models. However, for the earthquakes M≥6.0, the estimated cumulative probability reaches 0.8 after about 47 years for all the models while it reaches 0.9 after about 53, 54 and 55 years for Weibull, Gamma and Lognormal model, respectively. The conditional probability also reaches about 0.8 to 0.9 for the time period of 28 to 40 years and 50 to 60 years for M≥5.0 and M≥6.0, respectively, for all the models. The probability of occurrence of an earthquake is very high between 28 to 42 years for the magnitudes ≥5.0 and between 47 to 55 years for the magnitudes ≥6.0, respectively, past from the last earthquake (2001). 相似文献