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1.
Thomas P. Narins 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(2):219-229
Using trade data submitted by United Nations member states from 1995 to 2013, this article contributes to understanding China's trade with Latin America. By employing and building on the TECH score methodology, this project highlights China's growing economic connectivity with nine large and important Latin American economies. The analysis conducted here shows that compared with exports originating from other, more traditional foreign investors (i.e., the United States and the European Union member states), Chinese exports to these Latin American countries—although growing in sophistication over time—are relatively less technologically sophisticated during the study period. This work clarifies that in spite of these Latin American economies being highly complementary (for their natural resources and consumer markets) to China's manufacturing-intensive economy and despite the rapid growth in bilateral and biregional trade, China's displacement of traditional foreign actors, in terms of its technology-intensive exports to the region, is not supported by the data to date. 相似文献
2.
Godwin Uyi Ojo 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2012,33(1):49-62
Since its emergence as a research field in the 1980s, political ecology has provided a useful tool to explicate violent environments, notably as hallmarks of natural resource‐dependent economies. Practitioners regularly address what might be called ‘charismatic’ natural resources such as oil and other precious minerals to describe contestation over access and control of natural resources. Yet, where this focus exists, the political ecology of less economically valuable or ‘noncharismatic’ resources is thereby obscured. Thus, Nigeria's dependency on oil production has generated much scholarly attention with its unstable political economy described as a rentier state. In contrast, this paper draws on extensive field experience and knowledge about the country to assess in a preliminary manner some of the dimensions and ramifications of a less well known second‐tier natural resource commodity that is gaining attention as part of a possible national economic diversification strategy. Using the case of bitumen, a viscous hydrocarbon mainly used in road surfacing and roofing work, I assess the trajectory of this relatively overlooked resource, thereby opening a window onto the political ecology of a noncharismatic resource. In contrast to the ubiquitous violence in the oil‐based Niger Delta, I suggest that bitumen political ecologies, while also provoking political conflict and debate, nonetheless seem to being marked by new power dynamics that might augur a less violence prone path in terms of Nigeria's political economy of natural resource production. 相似文献
3.
以拉丁美洲33个主权国家为研究对象,从国际、区域、国内3个尺度出发,构建了基于“一带一路”的拉丁美洲地缘风险评价指标体系对其地缘风险予以评价,利用地理探测器对拉丁美洲三大地理区域的地缘风险空间分异格局驱动因子群予以精准识别。结果表明：1）基于“一带一路”的拉丁美洲地缘风险空间异质性显著,地缘风险指数、国际地缘风险、区域地缘风险以及国内地缘风险下的政治风险和生态环境风险均表现为南美洲地区最高,墨西哥及中美洲地区次之,加勒比地区最低的空间格局;国内地缘风险表现为墨西哥及中美洲地区最高,南美洲地区次之,加勒比地区最低;经济风险表现为南美洲地区最高,加勒比地区次之,墨西哥及中美洲地区最低;社会风险表现为加勒比地区最高,南美洲地区次之,墨西哥及中美洲地区最低;双边关系风险表现为墨西哥及中美洲地区最高,加勒比地区次之,南美洲地区最低。2）各因子群对三大地理区域地缘风险空间分异格局的作用力各不相同。对南美洲地区作用力显著的因子群主要有政治风险、国际地缘风险和社会风险等;对墨西哥及中美洲地区作用力显著的因子群主要有经济风险、双边关系风险、国际地缘风险、政治风险等;对加勒比地区作用力较大的因子群主要有社会风险、国际地缘风险、政治风险、双边关系风险等。 相似文献
4.
Beyond world cities: Central America in a global space of flows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Central America is a region without a world city. Traditionally, the region's national projects have been based upon openness to the world economy: how do the region's contemporary transnational projects connect to the world economy under the new conditions of openness that is contemporary globalization? Focusing upon advanced producer services, three connections into the world city network are identified: global service firms operating directly in Central American cities, local service firms operating indirectly through extra-regional world cities and global service firms operating through Latin American regional offices. Miami is confirmed as the primary world city through which Central America connects into the world economy 相似文献
5.
《Area》2000,32(3):347-352
Book reviews in this article:
A United Kingdom? Economic, social and political geographies by John Mohan
Losing place, refugee populations and rural transformations in East Africa by Jonathan Bascom
Latin America transformed: globalization and modernity edited by Robert N. Gwynne and Cristóbal Kay
Spaces of modernity: London's geographies 1680–1780 by Miles Ogborn
Landscape and Englishness by David Matless 相似文献
A United Kingdom? Economic, social and political geographies by John Mohan
Losing place, refugee populations and rural transformations in East Africa by Jonathan Bascom
Latin America transformed: globalization and modernity edited by Robert N. Gwynne and Cristóbal Kay
Spaces of modernity: London's geographies 1680–1780 by Miles Ogborn
Landscape and Englishness by David Matless 相似文献
6.
《The Journal of geography》2012,111(1):36-42
Abstract Latin America is the world's fastest growing region in population, and the consequent problems confronting Latin America are already evident in other underdeveloped regions and will become even more aggravated as demographic growth rates rise. Mortality can decline still further in some countries of Latin America and those countries will be especially hard-pressed in the near future. Implementation of fertility control will apparently be a slow process, so that the prospects are for continued very rapid growth for at least one or two decades. Population pressure on food supplies, resources, employment opportunities, and social services will continue to be formidable and further aggravate the fragile socio-economic structure and promote additional political instability. Much greater attention to population policy and program implementation is necessary to cope with population growth and the attendant problems in order to promote stability and improve living conditions in the region. 相似文献
7.
Management of transboundary water resources: lessons from international cooperation for conflict prevention 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Tensions over freshwater resources may become more frequent as pressures on water resources grow due to increased demand and variability of rainfall. Conflicts may take place between or within countries or between competing sectoral users. This paper focuses on institutional approaches for enhancing cooperation between countries for sustainable development of transboundary freshwater bodies and contributing basins. It is assumed that instead of being zones of conflict, shared water resources can provide a basis for cooperation and benefit–sharing provided that threats to the international waters are recognized and collaborative structures are created. The paper draws upon experiences gained within the international waters focal area of the Global Environment Facility, the main funding mechanism for countries to support the environmental management of transboundary water resources. Lessons for promoting peaceful cooperation for environmental management, benefit–sharing and sustainable use of transboundary freshwater resources are highlighted through examples from Africa, Central Asia and Latin America. Experience shows the importance of processes that bring together all sectors and actors whose actions affect the transboundary waterbody at regional, national and local levels. The development of a science–based diagnostic analysis is essential to identify the threats to the transboundary ecosystem and to break down the issues into manageable parts with the aim of developing a strategic action programme. Ensuring political commitment that can result in institutional, policy and legal reforms in the countries concerned is the key to sustainable development of the transboundary resource. 相似文献
8.
"拉美现象"的特点、成因及其对我国的启示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
纵观当代发展中国家的发展历程,拉丁美洲是较早摆脱殖民统治并着力发展民族经济的区域。近20多年来,拉美各国经济虽有一定增长,人均GDP也并不低,但贫富差距过于悬殊,失业率居高不下,经济危机迭起,社会动荡不安,形成独特的“拉美现象”。本文分析了“拉美现象”的特点及其形成的原因,并探讨了“拉美现象”对我国经济社会发展的启示。 相似文献
9.
Building on Hayter et al.'s (2003 ) characterisation of resource peripheries in terms of four institutional dimensions, this article conceptualises four, similar 'transformations' (political, economic, socio-cultural and environmental) intended to evolve this conceptual framework. The case of Chile is analysed in order to ground the analysis, emphasising the structural aspects of its historical experience as a resource periphery. It is clear that the country's condition as a resource periphery has been central to the transformations that have taken place since the early colonial period. In order to illustrate this, the article briefly explores the links between Latin American structuralist and emerging resource periphery accounts. As such, we discuss some of the policy options that might allow the country to move beyond resource periphery status – a goal which is necessary if uneven development in Chile is to be tackled. We conclude that if even and equitable development are goals of geographical analysis then structuralist-informed political-economic work of this nature warrants renewed emphasis. 相似文献
10.
PETER J. HUGILL 《Geographical review》2009,99(3):403-425
ABSTRACT. In The Shaping of America Donald Meinig describes a United States averse to challenging Britain geostrategically but emerging as a powerhouse economy by the late 1890s. But America embarked on a sustained economic struggle with Britain in 1861 by embracing protectionism; America's Civil War ironclads were as much to resist Britain as fight the Confederacy; and in 1866 uss Miantonomoh helped persuade Britain to reconsider, then pay, the Alabama Claims. Britain never retaliated in the economic struggle by moving to protectionism and in the late 1800s began to appease America in geostrategic terms. This struggle intensified in the 1920s and 1930s as America and Britain competed for control of international transportation, international communication, and the global oil supply, but by the mid‐1940s American hegemony was clear. This article traces the course of the complex economic and political struggle for hegemony in the light of recent models of transitions in the world economy. 相似文献
11.
At the core of land use and governance debates in the United States are purported dualities: economy vs. environment, public goods vs. private rights, and the merits and demerits of regulation. While such dichotomies are inevitably partial, they offer a heuristic to interrogate the deeper nuances of a problem or process. I investigate these dichotomies in one site (Calaveras County, California) along the rural-urban interface (RUI). The RUI is home of some of the most valued places in contemporary society as well as some of the most challenged in terms of planning and management. Land management decisions along the RUI are complicated by social and ecological heterogeneity as well as ongoing, dynamic cultural and environmental change. Differing perspectives and shifting conditions in place influence stakeholders' views on the value and utility of a variety of resources, both environmental and social. This paper investigates how political and environmental ideologies and environmental management preferences are related in order to consider the implications of such divergent perspectives for policy and governance. Using a mixed method approach, I examine varying viewpoints related to the environment/economy dichotomy and conclude that increasing polarization of political and environmental ideals and preferences along the RUI impacts land use planning and policy as well as social, environmental, and economic outcomes. I argue that the physical and cultural landscape of the RUI is transforming and, as such, we must also (re)configure pathways for cooperation and problem solving to effectively address the challenges and contradictions of these social and ecological changes. 相似文献
12.
Laos and the making of a 'relational' resource frontier 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
KEITH BARNEY 《The Geographical journal》2009,175(2):146-159
This paper seeks to reconsider the contemporary relevance of the resource frontier, drawing on examples of nature's commodification and enclosure under way in the peripheral Southeast Asian country of Laos. Frontiers are conceived as relational zones of economy, nature and society; spaces of capitalist transition, where new forms of social property relations and systems of legality are rapidly established in response to market imperatives. Customary property rights on the resource frontier can be seized by powerful actors in crucial political moments, preparing the territorial stage for more intensive phases of resource commodity production and accumulation. Relational frontier space is understood through the work of geographers such as Doreen Massey, who views the production of space as 'constituted though the practices of engagement and the power-geometries of relations'. In Laos, a twenty-first century resource frontier is being driven by new corporate investments in natural resources, and a supporting array of land reform programmes. The paper focuses on both the material and representational aspects of the production of the resource frontier, through policy and discourse analysis, and village level research in Laos' Khammouane province. By rethinking a dualist and hierarchical-scaled imaginary of frontier places, both rural people and local ecologies are shown to be key actors, in a complex, relational reproduction of frontier zones. An emerging Lao spatial and political assemblage – a form of 'frontier-neoliberalism'– is shown as producing dramatic changes in socio-natural landscapes, as well as new patterns of marginalisation and livelihood insecurity for a vulnerable rural population. 相似文献
13.
中国经济权力空间格局演化研究——基于国家间相互依存的敏感性与脆弱性分析 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
在全球化时代,地缘政治逻辑发生了变化,不对称相互依存替代军事实力成为国家权力的重要来源,在此背景下和平崛起的中国正在以经济实力改写世界政治版图。本文基于国家间相互依存理论,利用双边贸易数据分析中国与世界各国经济相互依存的非对称性,以此构建中国经济权力评价模型,研究中国崛起过程中经济权力的空间演变格局。主要结论为：① 中国对外贸易的地理分布明显呈现由过度集中于东亚、西欧和北美的三极格局向更加均衡格局转变,但全球对华贸易依存度最高的国家依然集中在低纬度的亚非拉地区;② 世界各国对中国的贸易高敏感区呈现出由亚太向非洲、拉美地区推进的趋势,而高脆弱区域则呈现出由点状散布向连片生长转变的趋势;③ 中国经济权力空间已由周边扩展至全球,并向发达世界渗透,而同时期美国经济权力空间却呈现收缩趋势。 相似文献
14.
景电灌区新绿洲可持续发展初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
景电灌区新绿洲是一个完全靠人工力量建立起来的新型荒漠绿洲。根据对新绿洲形成条件和自然环境的分析,认为新绿洲的基本特征为:1.生态系统的脆弱性;2.水资源的有限性;3.潜在高效性。而资源、环境、经济和社会的协调发展是保障和促进新绿洲持续发展的关键。因此,灌区新绿洲要持续发展,必须调整好产业结构,加强环境建设,注意合理开发利用自然资源。 相似文献
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资源型城市的可持续发展优化及案例研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
郑伯红 《云南地理环境研究》1999,11(1):51-56
资源型城市是伴随着资源开发而兴起的, 其发展前景受资源条件和社会经济的双重制约。通过分析资源型城市生命周期阶段的特征和问题, 提出了其可持续发展优化的方向为： 延长资源开发利用周期, 避免城市过早步入衰退期; 调整城市发展规划, 改变城市生命趋向; 同时进行行政区域调整, 转变城市职能。最后, 以湖南省冷水江市为例, 进行了实证分析。 相似文献
18.
ZHANG Dan 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2012,3(3):287-288
With the development of economic globalization and the intensification of global environmental change, it is clear that China’s resources and environment have a great influence on global sustainable development, international politics and the global economic structure. Especially over 相似文献
19.
随着经济发展和人口的增加,环境与资源问题在中东国家日益普遍和突出。环境问题的根源及其影响超越了国界,环境问题也必须国际合作才能解决,这对以色列所在的东地中海地区特别重要。东地中海国家开展环境治理和管理的合作不但符合该地区社会经济的可持续发展要求,也是促进和巩固中东政治和平的重要手段。本文分析了以色列政府1996年1月提出的《区域环境合作和发展选择》文件的基本框架和内容,指出：这个规划对区域经济合作具有宏观指导意义和操作意义,更是新时期以色列抢占中东经济高地的一个前瞻性战略,将对中东的政治经济新格局产生深远的影响。 相似文献
20.
在分析了区域人地关系系统基础上构建区域PRED系统,相对资源承载力模型进行了4方面改进：（1）基于人地关系理论和可持续发展理论构建区域PRED系统模型,将人口、资源、环境、社会和经济各子系统相对资源承载力进行整合。（2）在自然资源子系统中加入了林业用地面积和建设用地面积两个重要指标,在环境资源子系统中加入了环境污染治理投资总额,并在社会资源了系统中加入了全社会固定资产投资总额这一指标。（3）提出了加权平方平均相对资源承载力模型,并利用该模型对新疆维吾尔自治区（以下简称新疆）2000-2014 年相对资源承载力进行。（4）结合脱钩理论对相对资源综合承载力与资源环境、社会经济因子之间的关系进行研究。结果表明：采用改进后的相对资源承载力模型得出评价结果更符合资源匹配度较差地区的实际情况;新疆各要素相对资源承载力平均水平由大到小的顺序是：平均自然资源承载力、平均综合承载力、平均环境资源承载力、平均社会资源承载力、平均经济资源承载力。研究期间一直处于富余状态,自然资源优势相对突出,但是环境资源、经济资源、社会资源劣势也很明显,新疆综合承载力与资源环境、经济社会要素的矛盾十分突出。 相似文献