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1.
The kinetics of lherzolite dissolution in an alkali basalt and a basaltic andesite was examined experimentally at 1,300°C and 1 GPa using the dissolution couple method. Dissolution of lherzolite in basaltic liquids produces either the melt-bearing dunite–harzburgite–lherzolite (DHL) sequence or the melt-bearing harzburgite–lherzolite sequence depending on whether the reacting melt is or close to olivine saturation (alkali basalt) or olivine + orthopyroxene saturation (basaltic andesite). The dunite in the DHL sequence is pyroxene-free and the harzburgites in both sequences are clinopyroxene-free. The melt fraction and olivine grain size in the dunite are larger than those in the harzburgite. The olivine grain size in the dunite and harzburgite in the DHL sequence also increases as a function experimental run time. Across the sharp dunite–harzburgite and harzburgite–lherzolite interfaces, systematic compositional variations are observed in the reacting melt, interstitial melt, olivine, and to a lesser extent, pyroxenes as functions of distance and time. The systematic variations in lithology, grain size, mineral chemistry, and melt compositions are broadly similar to those observed in the mantle sections of ophiolites. The processes of lherzolite dissolution in basaltic liquids involve dissolution, precipitation, reprecipitation, and diffusive transport in the interstitial melts and surrounding minerals. Preferential dissolution of olivine and clinopyroxene and precipitation of orthopyroxene in the basaltic andesite produces the melt-bearing harzburgite–lherzolite sequence. Preferential dissolution of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene and precipitation of olivine results in the melt-bearing DHL sequence. Preferential mineral dissolution can also affect the composition of the through-going melt in a dunite channel or harzburgite matrix. Systematic variations in melt fraction and mineral grain size in the peridotite sequences are likely to play an important role in the development of channelized or diffuse porous melt flow in the mantle.An erratum to this article can be found at  相似文献   

2.
Systematic variations in mineralogy and chemical composition across dunite-harzburgite (DH) and dunite-harzburgite-lherzolite (DHL) sequences in the mantle sections of ophiolites have been widely observed. The compositional variations are due to melt-rock reactions as basaltic melts travel through mantle peridotite, and may be key attributes to understanding melting and melt transport processes in the mantle. In order to better understand melt-rock reactions in the mantle, we conducted laboratory dissolution experiments by juxtaposing a spinel lherzolite against an alkali basalt or a mid-ocean ridge basalt. The charges were run at 1 GPa and either 1,300°C or 1,320°C for 8–28 h. Afterward, the charges were slowly cooled to 1,200°C and 1 GPa, which was maintained for at least 24 h to promote in situ crystallization of interstitial melts. Cooling allowed for better characterization of the mineralogy and mineral compositional trends produced and observed from melt-rock reactions. Dissolution of lherzolite in basaltic melts with cooling results in a clinopyroxene-bearing DHL sequence, in contrast to sequences observed in previously reported isothermal-isobaric dissolution experiments, but similar to those observed in the mantle sections of ophiolites. Compositional variations in minerals in the experimental charges follow similar melt-rock trends suggested by the field observations, including traverses across DH and DHL sequences from mantle sections of ophiolites as well as clinopyroxene and olivine from clinopyroxenite, dunite, and wehrlite dikes and xenoliths. These chemical variations are controlled by the composition of reacting melt, mineralogy and composition of host peridotite, and grain-scale processes that occur at various stages of melt-peridotite reaction. We suggest that laboratory dissolution experiments are a robust model to natural melt-rock reaction processes and that clinopyroxene in replacive dunites in the mantle sections of ophiolites is genetically linked to clinopyroxene in cumulate dunite and pyroxenites through melt transport and melt-rock reaction processes in the mantle.  相似文献   

3.
Low-Ca pyroxenes play an important role in mantle melting, melt-rock reaction, and magma differentiation processes. In order to better understand REE fractionation during adiabatic mantle melting and pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite interaction, we developed a parameterized model for REE partitioning between low-Ca pyroxene and basaltic melts. Our parameterization is based on the lattice strain model and a compilation of published experimental data, supplemented by a new set of trace element partitioning experiments for low-Ca pyroxenes produced by pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite interaction. To test the validity of the assumptions and simplifications used in the model development, we compared model-derived partition coefficients with measured partition coefficients for REE between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in well-equilibrated peridotite xenoliths. REE partition coefficients in low-Ca pyroxene correlate negatively with temperature and positively with both calcium content on the M2 site and aluminum content on the tetrahedral site of pyroxene. The strong competing effect between temperature and major element compositions of low-Ca pyroxene results in very small variations in REE partition coefficients in orthopyroxene during adiabatic mantle melting when diopside is in the residue. REE partition coefficients in orthopyroxene can be treated as constants at a given mantle potential temperature during decompression melting of lherzolite and diopside-bearing harzburgite. In the absence of diopside, partition coefficients of light REE in orthopyroxene vary significantly, and such variations should be taken into consideration in geochemical modeling of REE fractionation in clinopyroxene-free harzburgite. Application of the parameterized model to low-Ca pyroxenes produced by reaction between pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite revealed large variations in the calculated REE partition coefficients in the low-Ca pyroxenes. Temperature and composition of starting pyroxenite must be considered when selecting REE partition coefficients for pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite interaction.  相似文献   

4.
Geochemical characteristics of spinel lherzolite xenoliths, enclosed in Miocene alkali basalt from Boeun, Korea, provide important clues for understanding the lithosphere composition, equilibrium temperature and pressure conditions, and depletion and enrichment processes of subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath Boeun. The spinel lherzolite xenoliths with protogranular to porpyroclastic textures were accidentally trapped by the ascending alkali basalt magma. The spinel lherzolite xenoliths originated at depths between 50 and 63 km with equilibrium temperatures ranging from 847 to 1030 °C. These xenoliths may have undergone small degrees (1–2%) of partial melting and cryptic metasomatism by an alkali basaltic melt. Based on Sr and Nd isotope compositions, the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath Boeun was heterogeneous and similar to that beneath East China and Central Mongolia rather than the Japanese Island Arc.  相似文献   

5.
The Ronda high temperature peridotite: Geochemistry and petrogenesis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
The Ronda peridotite in southern Spain is a large (~300 km2) exposure of upper mantle which provides direct information about mantle processes on a scale much larger than that provided by mantle xenoliths in basalt. Ronda peridotites range from harzburgite to lherzolite, and vary considerably in major element content, e.g., Al2O3 from 0.9 to 4.8%, and trace element abundances, e.g., Sr, Zr and La abundances vary by factors of 20 to 40. These compositional variations are systematic and correlate with (pyroxene + garnet)/olivine ratios and olivine compositions. The data are consistent with formation of residual peridotites by variable degrees of melting (~0 to 30%) of a compositionally homogeneous peridotite. None of the peridotites have geochemical characteristics of residues formed by extensive (?5%) fractional melting and the data can be explained by equilibrium (batch) melting, possibly with incomplete melt segregation in some samples. Based on compositional differences between Ronda peridotites, the segregated melts were picritic (12–22% MgO) with relative rare earth element abundances similar to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). Prior to the melting event the Ronda peridotite body was a suitable source for MORB. The compositional characteristics of Ronda peridotites are consistent with diapiric rise of a fertile mantle peridotite with relatively small degrees of melting near the diapir-wall rock interface yielding residues of garnet iherzolite, and larger degrees of melting in the diapir interior yielding residues of garnet-free peridotite. Subsequently these residual rocks were recrystallized at sub-solidus conditions (Obata, 1980), and emplaced in the crust by thrusting (Lundeen, 1978).  相似文献   

6.
Plagioclase-bearing peridotites are commonly associated with gabbroic rocks sampled around the Moho Transition Zone. Based on mineral chemistry, texture, and spatial relations, the formation of plagioclase-bearing peridotites has been attributed to impregnation of basalt into residual peridotites. We conducted reactive dissolution and crystallization experiments to test this hypothesis by reacting a primitive mid-ocean ridge basalt with a melt-impregnated lherzolite at 1,300 °C and 1 GPa and then cooling to 1,050 °C as pressure decreased to 0.7 GPa. Crystallization during cooling produced lithologic sequences of gabbro–wehrlite or gabbro–wehrlite–peridotite, depending on reaction time. Wehrlitic and peridotitic sections contain significant amounts of plagioclase interstitial to olivine and clinopyroxene and plagioclase compositions are spatially homogeneous. Clinopyroxene in the wehrlite–peridotite section is reprecipitated from the melt and exhibits poikilitic texture with small rounded olivine chadacrysts. Mineral composition in olivine and clinopyroxene varies spatially, both at the scale of the sample and within individual grains. Olivine grains that crystallized close to the melt–peridotite interface are enriched in iron due to their proximity to the basaltic melt reservoir. Consistent with many field studies, we observed gradual spatial variation in olivine and clinopyroxene composition across a lithologically sharp boundary between the gabbro and wehrlite–peridotite. Plagioclase compositions show no obvious dependence on distance from the melt–rock interface and were precipitated from late-stage trapped melts. Compositional trends of olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase are consistent with previous experimental results and natural observations of the Moho Transition Zone. Different lithological sequences form based primarily on the melt–rock ratio, composition of the melt and host peridotite, and thermochemical conditions, but are expected to grade from gabbro to wehrlite or troctolite to peridotite. Plagioclase-bearing peridotite represents the low melt–rock ratio end member where pyroxene is only partially replaced by olivine and melt, whereas dunite is expected to form where melts overwhelm and consume all other phases. This study confirms that under nominally anhydrous conditions, the gabbro–wehrlite–plagioclase-peridotite sequence can be formed by reaction between basalt and lherzolite and subsequent crystallization at intermediate to low pressures. Melt–rock reaction is a fundamental process in the formation of new crust at the shallowest part of the melting column where pyroxene-undersaturated melts percolate through depleted peridotite.  相似文献   

7.
阿尔山—柴河第四纪碱性玄武岩中地幔捕掳体为尖晶石相的二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩,方辉橄榄岩数量略多于二辉橄榄岩。采用激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA--ICP--MS)对研究区地幔橄榄岩中的单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物进行了成分分析,结合橄榄岩包体的岩相学、岩石化学的特征,重点探讨了研究区所经历的部分熔融作用和地幔交代作用。结果显示,少数样品的熔融程度5%,大多数样品熔融程度范围为10%~20%,研究区陆下岩石圈地幔性质以难熔、亏损为主要特征。同时也经历了复杂的交代作用改造,交代介质为富挥发组分的硅酸盐熔/流体。与华北克拉通东北缘陆下岩石圈地幔比较,推测研究区遭受破坏和改造的程度较小,并保留有相当量的古老地幔残余。  相似文献   

8.
Petrologic, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic studies of mantle xenoliths in Quaternary basalts from Huinan, NE China provide constraints on the origin of coarse-grained harzburgites and the nature of lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction during lithospheric thinning. The Huinan harzburgites have a secondary recrystallized texture and their composition deviates from the partial melting trend of residual peridotites. The convex-upward REE pattern and a positive Cr-Yb correlation in clinopyroxene imply an interaction with basaltic melts at a high melt/rock ratio. The Huinan harzburgites are therefore not simple residues of partial melting, but likely resulted from melt-rock interaction during which the percolating melts preferentially dissolved pyroxenes by precipitation of olivine, transforming lherzolite to harzburgite. The melt percolation-reaction enhanced grain boundary diffusion kinetics, and gave rise to the characteristic texture of these mantle rocks. These “reactive” harzburgites were eventually metasomatized by compositionally distinct small volume volatile-rich melts, which may be derived from the main harzburgite-forming event as a result of melt-consuming reaction. Most likely the formation of the Huinan harzburgites was coeval with thermo-tectonic erosion of the continental lithosphere by upwelling asthenospheric melts. Thermometric considerations suggest a relatively long time interval between lithospheric thinning and eruption of the host basalts, consistent with the contention that lithospheric thinning in eastern China may have peaked in the late Cretaceous.  相似文献   

9.
The chemical composition of the pyroxenes and olivines of 12 basaltic rocks and 5 lherzolite nodules was determined quantitatively by electron micro-probe analysis. The composition of the pyroxenes depends on the type of basalt in which they occur. Tholeiitic basalts with normative quartz contain three pyroxenes: orthorombic pyroxenes, pigeonites and augites. All pyroxene phases are zoned and do not show any exsolution. Their Ti and Al contents (Ca-Tschermaks and Ti-augite molecules) are small. All pyroxene phases were formed under disequilibrium with each other and with the melt because of rapid quenching. The sequence of crystallization: orthopyroxene—pigeonite—augite could be established by their Cr content.The alkali olivine basalts undersatured in SiO2 and the olivine nephelinites are characterized by Ti and Al-rich clinopyroxenes. The distribution of Ti and Al in the pyroxenes of the alkali olivine basalts shows a differentiation trend from the cores of the phenocrysts to their outer zones and to the crystals of the ground mass. Thereby the Ca-Tschermaks molecule is being replaced more and more by the Ti-augite molecule. The Ti content of the pyroxenes of the olivine nephelinites decreases in the last stage of differentiation because simultaneously increasing amounts of titaniferous magnetite crystallize.The pyroxenes of lherzolite peridotite nodules are characterized by high Al and low Ti contents which differ according to the type of basalt (alkali olivine basalt or olivine nephelinite) in which the nodules occur. The homogeneous distribution of the elements within the single grains indicates crystallization under equlibrium conditions. The conditions of their formation are comparable to those of Al-pyroxene peridotites in the upper mantle. The composition of pyroxenes of early accumulates of alkali basaltic melts differ from those of peridotite nodules. Therefore lherzolite nodules can be taken as residues of deeper peridotite masses.  相似文献   

10.
Experiments on partial melting of mantle lherzolite have been realized at 0.6 and 1.0 GPa and the chemical compositional variations of melts during different melting stages have been first discussed. The results show that the trends of variations in SiO2, CaO, Al2O3, Na2O and TiO2 are different at different melting stages. The melts produced at lower pressure are richer in SiO2 than those at higher pressure. The mantle-derived silica-rich fluids (silicate melts) are polygenetic, but the basic and intermediate-acid silicate melts in mantle peridotite xenoliths from the same host rocks, which have equivalent contents of volatile and alkali components and different contents of other components, should result from in-situ (low-degree) partial melting of mantle peridotite under different conditions (e.g. at different depths, with introduction of C-O-H fluids or in the presence of metasomatic minerals). The intermediate-acid melts may be the result of partial melting (at lower pressure) Opx + Sp + K-Na-rich fluid±(Amphi)±(Phlog)= Ol+melt.But the intermediate-acid magmas cannot be produced from the partial melting of normal mantle peridotite unless the crustal materials are introduced to some extent.  相似文献   

11.
This experimental study simulates the interaction of hotter, deeper hydrous mantle melts with shallower, cooler depleted mantle, a process that is expected to occur in the upper part of the mantle wedge. Hydrous reaction experiments (~6 wt% H2O in the melt) were conducted on three different ratios of a 1.6 GPa mantle melt and an overlying 1.2 GPa harzburgite from 1060 to 1260 °C. Reaction coefficients were calculated for each experiment to determine the effect of temperature and starting bulk composition on final melt compositions and crystallizing assemblages. The experiments used to construct the melt–wall rock model closely approached equilibrium and experienced <5% Fe loss or gain. Experiments that experienced higher extents of Fe loss were used to critically evaluate the practice of “correcting” for Fe loss by adding iron. At low ratios of melt/mantle (20:80 and 5:95), the crystallizing assemblages are dunites, harzburgites, and lherzolites (as a function of temperature). When the ratio of deeper melt to overlying mantle is 70:30, the crystallizing assemblage is a wehrlite. This shows that wehrlites, which are observed in ophiolites and mantle xenoliths, can be formed by large amounts of deeper melt fluxing though the mantle wedge during ascent. In all cases, orthopyroxene dissolves in the melt, and olivine crystallizes along with pyroxenes and spinel. The amount of reaction between deeper melts and overlying mantle, simulated here by the three starting compositions, imposes a strong influence on final melt compositions, particularly in terms of depletion. At the lowest melt/mantle ratios, the resulting melt is an extremely depleted Al-poor, high-Si andesite. As the fraction of melt to mantle increases, final melts resemble primitive basaltic andesites found in arcs globally. An important element ratio in mantle lherzolite composition, the Ca/Al ratio, can be significantly elevated through shallow mantle melt–wall rock reaction. Wall rock temperature is a key variable; over a span of <80 °C, reaction with deeper melt creates the entire range of mantle lithologies from a depleted dunite to a harzburgite to a refertilized lherzolite. Together, the experimental phase equilibria, melt compositions, and reaction coefficients provide a framework for understanding how melt–wall rock reaction occurs in the natural system during melt ascent in the mantle wedge.  相似文献   

12.
Mantle xenoliths in alkali basaltic lavas (with ocean-island basalt chemical signatures) and cinder cones occur in several areas of Patagonia. A representative suite of mantle xenoliths was collected in the region between latitudes 40° and 52°S and longitudes 67° and 71°W in the Río Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz provinces, Argentina. Mantle xenoliths in Patagonia display distinguishing peculiarities compared with those of other worldwide occurrences. The lithospheric mantle beneath Patagonia, as inferred from chemical variation diagrams, has experienced only minor melt extractions in the garnet peridotite field and more extensive melt extractions in the spinel lherzolite field. Variably intensive cryptic and modal metasomatism affected the lithospheric mantle in this region. Textural evidence shows that the mantle is moderately to strongly tectonized and recrystallized on both the local and the regional scale, with an overall predominance of deformed textural types. Mineral equilibrium indicates a strongly elevated geotherm similar to the southeast Australia and oceanic geotherms, which is not normal for a continental intraplate tectonic setting. Therefore, the properties of the Patagonian samples are probably related to the presence of rising mantle plume(s) in an extensional tectonic setting.  相似文献   

13.
The paper discusses the results of mineralogical and petrographic studies of spinel lherzolite xenoliths and clinopyroxene megacrysts in basalt from the Jixia region related to the central zone of Cenozoic basaltic magmatism of southeastern China. Spinel lherzolite is predominantly composed of olivine (Fo89.6–90.4), orthopyroxene (Mg# = 90.6–92.7), clinopyroxene (Mg# = 90.3–91.9), and chrome spinel (Cr# = 6.59–14.0). According to the geochemical characteristics, basalt of the Jixia region is similar to OIB with asthenospheric material as a source. The following equilibrium temperatures and pressures were obtained for spinel peridotite: 890–1269°C and 10.4–14.8 kbar. Mg# of olivine and Cr# of chrome spinel are close to the values in rocks of the enriched mantle. It is evident from analysis of the textural peculiarities of spinel lherzolite that basaltic melt interacted with mantle rocks at the xenolith capture stage. Based on an analysis of the P–T conditions of the formation of spinel peridotite and clinopyroxene megacrysts, we show that mantle xenoliths were captured in the course of basaltic magma intrusion at a significantly lower depth than the area of partial melting. However, capture of mantle xenoliths was preceded by low-degree partial melting at an earlier stage.  相似文献   

14.
Parameterization of melting phenomena in the upper mantle hasprimarily focused on two basic themes, namely the physical andchemical processes that govern partial melting. Parameterizationof physical processes mainly refers to establishing relationshipsbetween parameters such as the temperature, pressure, matrixand melt flow geometry, lithospheric stretching, and volumeof magma. By contrast, parameterization of chemical processeslargely implies unravelling the relationships between type anddegree of melting, and source and melt composition. Few attemptshave been made, however, to interrelate the two processes. Thepresent work is an effort to provide a link between physicaland chemical parameters associated with mantle melting and toallow in-depth modelling of partial melting processes in upwellingasthenosphere in a rigorous yet simplified manner. Several correlationsamong the most important physical parameters (e.g., equilibrationand extrusion temperature and pressure of magma, melt fractionand thickness, stretching factor, etc.) are explored. On thisbasis, a model for the compositional stratification of the lithosphereis proposed, and its bearing on the nature of intra-oceanicarc magmatism is emphasized. Trends of melting residues in termsof modal olivine and clinopyroxene are calculated for a widerange of possible potential temperatures that may be appliedto xenolith or abyssal peridotite suites to constrain furthertheir original depth of upwelling. Dry solidus equations fordepleted peridotite compositions are also derived that may beused to infer the effects of volatiles on the melting of refractorysupra-subduction zone mantle. The sensitivity of certain elementsto temperature variations during melting in a column of ascendingmantle is highlighted using Ni as an example, and the dangersof using single-value distribution coefficients to predict concentrationsof transition metals in magmas are emphasized. MORB-normalizedmulti-element profiles calculated using a variety of sources,mantle potential temperatures, and stretching factors are presented,and the differences between instantaneous and pooled melts arediscussed. A technique to calculate mineral proportions duringtransformation of garnet lherzolite to spinel lherzolite, togetherwith estimates of the modal composition of fertile spinel andgarnet lherzolite are included. Selected trace-element abundancesin various sources [bulk silicate Earth, depleted MORB (mid-oceanridge basalt) mantle, N-MORB) and distribution coefficientsfor common rock-forming minerals are also tabulated.  相似文献   

15.
汉诺坝玄武岩中熔体-捕虏体相互作用初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
汉诺坝新生代玄武岩捕获的地幔橄榄岩及其解体矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石捕虏晶,普遍发育反应边结构,提供了玄武岩浆在上升穿越岩石圈地幔过程中橄榄岩-熔体相互作用的重要信息。橄榄石和单斜辉石捕虏晶反应边的成分变化一致,由核部富镁向边部富铁变化,趋同于玄武岩中相应斑晶的成分。斜方辉石捕虏晶反应边一般由橄榄石+单斜辉石+玻璃构成,多为双层结构,反应边矿物橄榄石、单斜辉石较相应的地幔矿物富铁,其富硅、碱的中酸性玻璃成分,为中国东部地幔矿物包裹体中存在的富硅、碱熔体的来源提供了重要信息。同时发现橄榄岩捕虏体中尖晶石颜色、成分的变化与温度的关系。地幔矿物捕虏晶反应边结构(非平衡结构)得以保存,暗示了玄武岩浆的快速上升。而大规模的熔体-捕虏体相互作用,改变着岩石圈地幔的性质。  相似文献   

16.
西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波蛇绿岩的构造背景特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
西藏东波蛇绿岩位于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段,由地幔橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩等组成。地幔橄榄岩主要为方辉橄榄岩、纯橄岩和少量二辉橄榄岩。岩体的边界出露玄武岩和硅质岩等。地幔橄榄岩中有少量辉石岩和辉长岩的脉岩,宽约1 m,走向北西,与岩体的构造线方向基本一致。各岩相岩石地球化学研究结果表明,东波蛇绿岩的岩相存在较大的差异,玄武岩具有与洋岛玄武岩(OIB)相似的地球化学特征,而地幔橄榄岩中辉石岩、辉长岩脉与洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)相似,形成于洋中脊环境,并受后期俯冲流体作用的改造。东波岩体中二辉橄榄岩具有与深海地幔橄榄岩较一致的轻稀土亏损特征,而方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩的地球化学特征显示出岩体形成于MOR环境,后受到SSZ环境的改造。东波蛇绿岩的岩石地球化学特征显示其洋中脊叠加洋岛的构造背景。  相似文献   

17.
G.B. Piccardo  L. Guarnieri 《Lithos》2011,124(3-4):200-214
Hundred-meter wide cumulate bodies and decimetric dykelets of gabbro-norites are widespread within the distal ophiolitic peridotites from the Jurassic Ligure-Piemontese oceanic basin, now emplaced in the Alpine–Apennine orogenic system. These peridotites derived from the sub-continental mantle of the pre-Triassic Europe–Adria lithosphere and underwent profound modifications of their structural and compositional characteristics via melt–rock interaction during diffuse percolation by porous flow of upwelling asthenospheric melts. Gabbro-norite cumulates show the peculiar association of high forsteritic olivine, high-Mg# clinopyroxenes and orthopyroxenes and high anorthitic plagioclase with respect to mineral compositions in common ophiolitic and oceanic MORB gabbros. Abundance and early crystallization of magnesian orthopyroxene suggests that parental magmas of the gabbro-noritic cumulates were relatively silica-rich basaltic liquids. Clinopyroxenes and plagioclase have anomalously low Sr and LREE, resulting in highly fractionated C1-normalized LREE patterns in clinopyroxenes and negatively fractionated C1-normalized LREE patterns in plagioclases.Modal mineralogy and mineral major and trace element compositions indicate that these gabbro-norites crystallized from MORB-type basaltic liquids that were strongly depleted in Na, Ti, Zr, Sr and other incompatible trace elements relative to any erupted liquids of MORB-type ophiolites and modern oceanic lithosphere. Computed melt compositions in equilibrium with gabbro-norite clinopyroxenes are closely similar to depleted MORB-type single melt increments after 5–7% of fractional melting of a DM asthenospheric mantle source under spinel-facies conditions.Present knowledge on the ophiolitic peridotites of Monte Maggiore indicate that they were formed by interaction of lithospheric mantle protoliths with depleted, MORB-type single melt increments produced by the ascending asthenosphere. Their composition was progressively modified from olivine-saturated to orthopyroxene-saturated by the early reactive melt–peridotite interaction (i.e., pyroxene dissolution and olivine precipitation).Gabbro-norite cumulates marked the change from diffuse porous flow percolation to intrusion and crystallization when cooling by conducive heat loss became dominant on heating by melt percolation. Progressive upwelling and cooling of the host peridotite during rifting caused transition to more brittle conditions and to hydration and serpentinization.The Monte Maggiore peridotite body was then intruded along fractures by variably evolved, Mg–Al- to Fe–Ti-rich gabbroic dykes. Computed melt compositions in equilibrium with clinopyroxenes from less evolved gabbro dykes are closely similar to aggregated MORBs. The event of gabbro intrusion indicates that aggregated MORB-type liquids: i) migrated through and stagnated in the mantle lithosphere and ii) underwent evolution into shallow ephemeral magma chambers to form the parental magmas of the gabbroic dykes and the basaltic lava flows of the Ligurian oceanic crust.  相似文献   

18.
Olivine is abundant in Earth’s upper mantle and ubiquitous in basaltic lavas, but rarely occurs in eclogite. Partial melts of eclogite are, therefore, not in equilibrium with olivine, and will react with peridotite as they migrate through the upper mantle. If such melts erupt at Earth’s surface, their compositions will be highly modified and they may be olivine-saturated. We investigated experimentally the reaction between olivine and siliceous eclogite partial melt, and determined element partitioning between olivine and the melt produced by this reaction. Our results demonstrate that mixing of reacted eclogite partial melt with primitive basalt is capable of producing the positive correlation between melt SiO2 content and olivine Ni content observed in some Hawaiian lavas. Experiments were carried out by equilibrating eclogite partial melt or basalt with San Carlos olivine at 1 bar and 1,201–1,350°C. Our results show that eclogite partial melts equilibrated with mantle olivine retain their high SiO2, low FeO and MgO characteristics. Further, olivine-melt partition coefficients for Ni measured in these experiments are significantly larger than for basalt. Mixing of these melts with primitive Hawaiian tholeiitic lavas results in crystallization of high-Ni olivines similar to those in Makapuu-stage Koolau lavas, even though the mixed magmas have only moderate Ni contents. This results from a hyperbolic increase of the Ni partition coefficient with increasing polymerization of the mixed melt. Note that while eclogite partial melt in contact with peridotite will equilibrate with pyroxene as well as olivine, this will have the effect of buffering the activity of SiO2 in the reacted melt at a higher level. Therefore, an eclogite partial melt equilibrated with harzburgite will have higher SiO2 than one equilibrated with dunite, enhancing the effects observed in our experiments. Our results demonstrate that an olivine-free “hybrid” pyroxenite source is not required to explain the presence of high-Ni olivines in Hawaiian lavas and, therefore, indicate that the proportion of eclogite in the Hawaiian plume is less than has been estimated in recent studies.  相似文献   

19.
A comprehensive synthesis of U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes of zircons from granulite/pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in Phanerozoic magmatic rocks and inherited xenocrysts from the associated lower crust rocks from various domains of the North China Craton (NCC) provides new insights into understanding the Phanerozoic evolution of the lower crust in this craton. Episodic widespread magma underplating into the ancient lower crust during Phanerozoic has been identified throughout the NCC from early Paleozoic to Cenozoic, broadly corresponding to the Caledonian, Hercynian, Indosinian, Yanshanian, and Himalayan orogenies on the circum-craton mobile belts. The early Paleozoic (410–490 Ma) ages come from xenoliths in the northern and southern margins as well as the central domain of the Eastern Block of the craton which mark the first phase of Phanerozoic magma underplating since the final cratonization of the NCC in the Paleoproterozoic. The magmatism coincided with the northward subduction of the Paleotethysian Ocean in the south and the southward subduction of the Paleoasian Ocean in the north. The subduction not only triggered magma underplating but also led to the emplacement of the diamondiferous kimberlites on the craton, marking the initiation of decratonization. The late Paleozoic event as represented by the 315 Ma garnet pyroxenite and/or lherzolite xenoliths in Hannuoba was restricted to the northern and southern margins of the craton, correlating with the arc magmatism continuous associated with the subduction of the Paleotethysian and Paleoasian Oceans and resulting in the interaction between the melts from subducted slabs and the lithospheric mantle/lower crust. The early Mesozoic event also dominantly occurred in the northern and southern margins and was related with the final closure of the Paleotethysian and Paleoasian Oceans as well as the collisional orogeny between the NCC and the Yangtze Craton. The late Mesozoic (ca. 120 Ma) was a major and widespread magmatic event which manifested throughout the NCC, associated with the geothermal overturn due to the giant south Pacific mantle plume. The Cenozoic magmatism, identified only in the dark clinopyroxenite xenoliths in the Hannuoba, was probably induced by the Himalayan movement in eastern Asia and might also have been influenced by the subduction of the Pacific Ocean to some extent. These widespread and episodic magma underplating or rejuvenation of the ancient lower crust beneath the NCC revealed by U–Pb and Hf isotope data resulted from the corresponding addition of juvenile materials from mantle to lower crust, with a mixing of the old crust with melts. The process inevitably resulted in the compositional modification of the ancient lower crust, similar to the compositional transformation from the refractory lithospheric mantle to a fertile one through the refractory peridotite — infiltrated melt reaction as revealed in the lithospheric mantle beneath the craton.  相似文献   

20.
Mantle peridotites from the Western Pacific   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
We review petrographical and petrological characteristics of mantle peridotite xenoliths from the Western Pacific to construct a petrologic model of the lithospheric mantle beneath the convergent plate boundary. The peridotite varies from highly depleted spinel harzburgite of low-pressure origin at the volcanic front of active arcs (Avacha of Kamchatka arc and Iraya of Luzon–Taiwan arc) to fertile spinel lherzolite of high-pressure origin at the Eurasian continental margin (from Sikhote-Alin through Korea to eastern China) through intermediate lherzolite–harzburgite at backarc side of Japan island arcs. Oxygen fugacity recorded by the peridotite xenoliths decreases from the frontal side of arc to the continental margin. The sub-arc type peridotite is expected to exist beneath the continental margin if accretion of island arc is one of the important processes for continental growth. Its absence suggests replacement by the continental lherzolite at the region of backarc to continental margin. Asthenospheric upwelling beneath the continental region, which has frequently occurred at the Western Pacific, has replaced depleted sub-cratonic peridotite with the fertile spinel lherzolite. Some of these mantle diapirs had opened backarc basins and strongly modified the lithospheric upper mantle by metasomatism and formation of Group II pyroxenites.  相似文献   

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