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1.
为研究青藏高原金属矿山勘探、开采、闭坑阶段不同开发阶段河流重金属污染的严重程度,通过野外调查,室内测试分析,对比5个金属矿山河流重金属元素含量、污染指数沿程变化,得出以下结果:(1)勘探阶段和闭坑后河流水质污染较小,开采阶段矿业活动对河水水质污染较大。(2)As、Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn五种元素是金属矿山的特征污染物。开采矿区中德尔尼铜矿区、下柳沟铅锌矿、甲玛矿区河流均有重金属元素污染,微碱性环境中德尔尼铜矿区,主要污染物为As,单项污染指数为0～10.6;下柳沟铅锌矿Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn元素单项污染指数分别为0.2～2.1、0～55、0.4～24、0.3～1550;偏酸性环境中甲玛矿区的特征污染物主要为Cu、Cd。其中Cu、Cd单项污染指数为0～4174、0～4;勘探矿区大场金矿、闭坑矿区罗布莎铬铁矿区河流未出现污染元素。(3)青藏高原5处典型的高海拔山地矿山河流由于稀释作用重金属流经2km后达到安全水平,研究结果可为青藏高原矿山开采中河流水环境保护提供参考依据。 相似文献
2.
金矿区河水和底泥中重金属含量分布与耦合关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
河流中河水与底泥中重金属含量之间的关系对于河流污染防治意义重大。对某金矿区3种典型河流的河水与底泥中的重金属含量进行分析,发现4条河流均有超过国家标准限值的情况,河水中7种重金属元素均出现超标,Cr、As元素超标不严重;底泥中Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn超标,其中Hg超标最严重,河水和底泥中Hg最大超标倍数分别达到3099倍和244倍。河流中重金属主要赋存形态为沉积态,底泥的吸附解吸作用是河流底泥和河水中重金属沿程变化的主控因素;金矿区区域上河水和底泥中重金属很好地服从Langmuir等温吸附模式。矿业活动、地层岩性均会影响底泥对重金属的平均最大吸附容量,流径黄土区的双桥河平均最大吸附容量最大。研究结果为矿山河流污染防治与预警提供了参考依据。 相似文献
3.
铜陵矿区主要河流水质分析与污染评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铜陵矿区是长江下游重要的铜铁资源基地,也是典型的含硫多金属矿区,矿山酸性废水是矿业开发活动不可避免的环境问题,对地表水体有很大影响。本文以铜陵矿区主要河流为研究对象,通过野外调查采样和室内测试分析,从常规理化性质、矿山酸性废水和重金属元素三方面分析了的水质现状,采用单因子指数和内梅罗水质指数法进行了污染评价。结果表明:(1)矿区河流污染成分以有机污染和矿山酸性废水污染为主,其次是重金属污染。(2)在检测的46个河段中, 按综合污染指数大小分级,共计有93.48%的河段受到不同程度的污染,其中,水质严重污染的河段占 4.35%,水质重污染的河段占13.04%,水质污染的河段占 65.22%,水质轻污染的河段占10.87%;共计有6.52%的河段水质较好,均为清洁状态。(3)3条河流按污染程度大小依次为新桥河>顺安河>红星河,除顺安河外,其他均受到了矿山酸性废水污染。今后应重点关注矿山酸性废水的污染机理与风险评估,加强矿区水环境保护与恢复治理工作。 相似文献
4.
陕西潼关金矿区太峪河底泥重金属元素的含量及污染评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对潼关金矿区太峪河和太峪水库底泥中重金属元素总量的调查,探讨了金矿开发活动中重金属元素对河流底泥的污染程度。研究结果表明,除As外,河流底泥中重金属元素的含量与尾矿渣中重金属元素的含量变化一致,表明其主要来源于尾矿渣,但又明显高于尾矿渣。在同一地点河流底泥中重金属元素的含量平均高出河水中的1048.61～666030.08倍,呈显著富集。以邻近地区不受工矿活动影响的河流底泥重金属元素的含量均值作为评价参比值,太峪河底泥受到了Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn元素的极度污染,单项污染超标倍数及综合污染指数法评价结果表明,Hg、Pb、Cd平均污染超标倍数达366.90、217.42和149.97,是底泥中最主要的污染元素。河流底泥重金属元素的综合污染指数高达278.97,表明河流的复合污染亦呈极度状态。太峪河底泥受重金属元素极度污染的现实提示,矿区的环境防治工作已刻不容缓。 相似文献
5.
以金矿开发影响的黄河二级支流太峪水系沉积物为研究对象,沿河采集16个表层沉积物样品,分层采集垂向剖面10件水库沉积物样品,测定了样品中重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态指数法和Tomlinson污染负荷指数法评价重金属元素污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,矿业活动是太峪水系沉积物重金属元素污染的主要因素;变异系数、富集系数和最高污染系数均反映Hg、Pb、Cd是太峪水系沉积物的特征污染重金属元素,Cr和As的质量分数接近地区背景值;太峪水系表层沉积物受到重金属元素的极强污染,山区段污染较山外更严重;整个流域的Hg、Pb、Cd具有很强的潜在生态危害,Cr、As、Zn的潜在生态危害轻微;太峪水系沉积物垂向各层沉积物都受到重金属元素的极强污染,生态问题以Hg、Pb、Cd的潜在生态危害为主,其污染和生态危害程度都高于流向上的沉积物。潜在生态危害指数评价突出了不同元素的毒性和危害程度,而污染负荷指数法侧重于样本空间上的污染程度,二者互补使用有利于实际问题的全面评价。 相似文献
6.
C. O. Okogbue O. U. Oyesanya O. A. Anyiam V. O. Omonona 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(10):396
This is an assessment of the degree of effects of discharged produced water in river and sediments of the Bonny estuary, Niger Delta. It involved seasonal analyses of twenty-two (22) water and thirty-four (34) sediment samples from the Bonny River. The physicochemical properties (i.e., hydrocarbon content, heavy metals, and other inorganic constituents) of the water samples were examined, while the sediments were inspected for heavy metals and organic hydrocarbon constituents that may have been sourced from the discharged produced water. In addition, the principal component and cluster analyses, index of geoaccumulation, and pollution load index plots were utilized to deduce the degree of pollution, source, and distribution of these contaminants. From the results of the analyses, the Bonny seawater is contaminated with nitrate, phosphates, nickel, ammonia, and phenols in dry season, whereas nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, total nitrogen, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), and heavy metals—zinc and lead—are observed in the rainy (wet) season. Similarly, the sediments are contaminated with benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, TPH, phenols, and heavy metals in both seasons. Considering the outcomes of these analyses, it is evident that the composition and quality of seawater and sediments of the Bonny estuary have been strongly influenced by produced water discharges in the area. 相似文献
7.
Agustín Gómez-Alvarez Diana Meza-Figueroa Arturo I. Villalba-Atondo Jesús Leobardo Valenzuela-García Jorge Ramírez-Hernández Javier Almendariz-Tapia 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1469-1479
The San Pedro River (SPR) is located in northern Sonora (Mexico) and southeastern Arizona (USA). SPR is a transboundary river
that develops along the Sonora (Mexico) and Arizona (USA) border, and is considered the main source of water for a variety
of users (human settlements, agriculture, livestock, and industry). The SPR originates in the historic Cananea mining area,
which hosts some of the most important copper mineralizations in Mexico. Acid mine drainage derived from mine tailings is
currently reaching a tributary of the SPR near Cananea City, resulting in the contamination of the SPR with heavy metals and
sulfates in water and sediments. This study documents the accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in surface water along
a segment of the SPR from 1993 to 2005. Total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in surface waters are above maximum
permissible levels in sampling sites near mine tailing deposits. Nevertheless, a significant decrease in the Fe and SO4
2− in surface water (SO4
2−: 7,180–460.39 mg/L; Fe: 1,600–9.51 mg/L) as well as a gradual decrease in the heavy and transition metal content were observed
during the period from 1994 to 2005. Approximately 2.3 km downstream of the mine tailings, the heavy metal content of the
water drops quickly following an increase in pH values due to the discharging of wastewater into the river. The attenuation
of the heavy metal content in surface waters is related to stream sediment precipitation (accompanied by metal coprecipitation
and sorption) and water dilution. Determining the heavy metal concentration led to the conclusion that the Cananea mining
area and the San Pedro River are ecosystems that are impacted by the mining industry and by untreated wastewater discharges
arising from the city of Cananea (Sonora, Mexico). 相似文献
8.
9.
Analysis of sediment samples collected from the Coeur d'Alene River in northern Idaho, USA, indicates that the main stem and
the south fork of the river are contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn) from the local mining operations. Laboratory
experiments indicate that these metals in the sediments can be leached and reach saturation concentrations in water in a relatively
short period of time. The rate of leaching of heavy metals with distilled water appeared to follow first-order kinetics. The
saturation concentrations of Mn and Zn in water reached ppm levels from the leaching process. Cadmium and Pb are much less
soluble relative to Zn in the sediments. The high concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments are a source of contamination
that should be considered for the water quality management planning of the Coeur d'Alene River-Lake system. 相似文献
10.
Paul Augustinus Charles E. Barton Atun Zawadzki Kate Harle 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(3):625-639
Macquarie Harbour in southwest Tasmania, Australia, has been affected severely by the establishment of mines in nearby Queenstown
in the 1890s. As well as heavy metal-laden acid rock drainage from the Mount Lyell mine area, over 100 Mt of mine tailings
and slag were discharged into the Queen and Ring Rivers, with an estimated 10 Mt of mine tailings building a delta of ca.
2.5 km2 and ca. 10 Mt of fine tailings in the harbour beyond the delta. Coring of sediments throughout Macquarie Harbour indicated
that mine tailings accreted most rapidly close to the King River delta source with a significant reduction in thickness of
tailings and heavy metal contamination with increasing distance from the King River source. Close to the King River delta
the mine tailings are readily discriminated from the background estuarine sediments on the basis of visual logging of the
core (laminations, colour), sediment grain size, sediment magnetic susceptibility and elemental geochemistry, especially concentrations
of the heavy metals Cu, Zn and Pb. The high heavy metal concentrations are demonstrated by the very high contamination factors
(CF > 6) for Cu and Zn, with CF values mostly >50 for Cu for the mine-impacted sediments. Although the addition of mine waste
into the King River catchment has ceased, the catchment continues to be a source of these heavy metals due to acid rock drainage
and remobilisation of mine waste in storage in the river banks, river bed and delta. The addition of heavy metals to the harbour
sourced from the Mount Lyell mines preceded the advent of direct tailings disposal into the Queen River in 1915 with the metals
probably provided by acid rock drainage from the Mount Lyell mining area. 相似文献
11.
Fresh flood deposits were sampled in the flood-plains of two river systems, the River Meuse, with a catchment area of 33,000
km2 and the River Geul, with a catchment area of 3,000 km2. As a result of industrial and mining activities, both rivers have a history of severe metal pollution, especially with zinc,
lead, and cadmium. The flood deposits of both rivers are heterogeneous mixtures of contaminated bottom sediments (with relatively
long residence times in the river) and clean sediments derived from soil erosion on agricultural cropland (with very short
residence times). An additional source of sediment is formed by erosion of older, locally highly contaminated streambank deposits.
These older sediments are polluted as a result of solid waste disposal containing metalliferous ore and tailings in the sand
fraction. This is especially the case in the River Geul, which drains an old zinc and lead mining area. The metal content
of the Meuse sediments, however, originates largely from liquid industrial wastes and occurs mainly in the clay fraction.
For this reason, the positive correlation between textural composition, organic matter content, and heavy metal concentration,
which is often reported, was not observed, and normalization of the metal content was not possible. Nevertheless, a clear
decrease of contamination was noticed along the River Geul; this trend was absent along the River Meuse. An attempt has been
made to model the longitudinal decay pattern for each of the investigated havey metals. 相似文献
12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(4):346-350
Industrial development of the Angara region has necessitated geological exploration for available resources. The Angara River flows north from Lake Baikal, intersecting the mountains surrounding it; passes through the 'Irkutsk Amphitheater, ' part of the central Siberian platform; and, near Bratsk, flows across a diabase intrusion, forming the Bratsk rapids (approximately 300 kilometers long). The Angara river basin is underlain by crystalline basement (the Siberian craton) composed of schists, gneisses, marble, and Archean and Proterozoic granites. These rocks dip sharply from the Sayan and Baikal ranges, where they outcrop, toward the Irkutsk Amphitheater, where they reach 3000 meters depth. The craton is covered by sediments ranging in age from Cambrian to Quaternary. Lower Cambrian rocks over 2500 meters thick are overlain by Middle Cambrian strata which are generally eroded. In the Irkutsk coal basin, north of Lake Baikal, Mesozoic rocks 600 meters thick are covered unconformably by Tertiary sediments. Quaternary deposits are known to occur; the Angara River terraces are probably pre-Quaternary. Regional tectonics involved fracturing within the Irkutsk Amphitheature and in the surrounding mountains. Geophysical survey and drilling revealed a wide horizontal protrusion (the 'Angara swell') in the Siberian craton; this protrusion divides the Irkutsk Amphitheater in the Pre-Baikal and Pre-Sayan depressions. Overlying Cambrian sediments are folded in conformity with these basement-complex dislocations. Jurassic deposits, generally horizontal, are disturbed only near the younger uplifts of Sayan and Baikal. The southwestern part of a large trap-rock intrusion crosses the Irkutsk Amphitheater; concordant intrusions, e. g. sills, entered lower Paleozoic sediments along with dikes, during late Permian and, principally, Triassic times. Mineral deposits are rich and varied: Precambrian rocks contain magnetic iron ore (of the Krivoy Rog type); talc; magnesite; pure crystalline limestone; and, possibly, phosphates. Paleozoic rocks contain large marine and lacustrine salt deposits, gypsum, phosphatized shell rock, and, possibly, oil: as well as carbonaceous rocks with lead and zinc minerals. Hydrogen-sulfide -saturated and saline mineral waters as well as subsurface water with high potassium content occur in Cambrian rocks. Siberian trap rocks are rich in magnesium and iron; magnesium-magnetite ores occur in volcanic necks as large veins of pure ore, associated with tuffs and aureoles. Trap rock (diabase) may be used in the new stone-melting industry. Jurassic deposits include saprolitic-bog and humus coals as well as extensive fire-clay and high-quality kaolin deposits. Cambrian fossils include trilobite and brachiopod remains, reefs, and molluscs; fish, insects, ostracods, and numerous fossil plant traces, are representative of the Mesozoic. The Angara River terraces, 25 to 30 meters thick, contain mammal remains, brackish-water molluscs, and, from the Middle Paleolithic, Azilian and Solutrean artifacts. -- D. D. Fisher 相似文献
13.
The groundwater in Wadi Queh exists in two main hydrogeological units; fractured Precambrian basement and sedimentary rocks with high contribution for groundwater recharge. To study the impacts of phosphate mining activities on the groundwater quality in the area, three groundwater samples that represent all water wells in the area were collected and analysed for major ions and some heavy metals. In addition, three bulk samples representing the phosphatic sediments collected from upstream and downstream of the drainage basin were collected and analysed to understand the source of groundwater contamination. The total concentrations of dissolved solids suggest that the groundwater in the area grades from fresh to brackish water (961–1,580 mg/l), and is characterized by sodium–calcium–sulphate–chloride and sodium–magnesium–sulphate–chloride chemical types. The results showed high concentrations of the heavy metals in well nos. 1 and 2 in downstream parts compared to well no. 3 in upstream part reflecting their influence by the mining activities. 相似文献
14.
Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region,China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Dissolved trace elements and heavy metals of waters and sediments in the ten shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches
of the Yangtze River region were determined to identify their composition and spatial distribution, and to assess the extent
of their environmentally detrimental effects by comparison with water and sediment quality guidelines. Results indicated that
As and Pb were the main pollutants in lake waters and Mn and Hg the potential ones, while As, Cu and Pb were the main pollutants
in lake sediments. Their spatial distribution indicated that Daye Lake was seriously polluted by metals, which was corroborated
by cluster analysis. Higher concentrations of trace elements have been found in lakes downstream of the Yangtze River delta,
and higher concentrations of metals have been recorded in sediments of upstream lakes, suggesting that metals in water were
more sensitive to anthropogenic activities and that metals in sediment were mainly controlled by minerals. Correlation analyses
demonstrated that there were stronger associations among metals in lake sediments than those in lake waters, and their good
relationships suggested the common sources. Further research on the subject will help develop water quality management with
the aim of restoring shallow lakes in the Yangtze River. 相似文献
15.
In the mining district of Plombières-La Calamine (East Belgium), extensive Pb–Zn mining activities resulted in an important contamination of overbank sediments along the Geul river. Moreover, a huge amount of heavy metals is stored in a dredged mine pond tailing, which is located along the river. In the dredged mine pond tailing sediments, Pb–Zn minerals control the solubility of Zn, Pb and Cd. Although Pb, Zn and Cd display a lower solubility in overbank sediments compared to the mine tailing pond sediments, elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd are still found in the porewater of the overbank sediments. The considerable ‘actual’ and ‘potential’ mobility of Zn, Pb and Cd indicates that the mine pond tailing sediments and the overbank sediments downstream from the mine pond tailing represent a considerable threat for the environment. Besides the chemical remobilisation of metals from the sediments, the erosion of overbank sediments and the reworking of riverbed sediments act as a secondary source of pollution. 相似文献
16.
Geochemical processes in the Onyx River, Wright Valley, Antarctica: Major ions, nutrients, trace metals 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
William J. Green Brian R. Stage Shannon Wagers Silvia Newell 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(4):839-850
We present data on major ions, nutrients and trace metals in an Antarctic stream. The Onyx River is located in Wright Valley (77-32 S; 161-34 E), one of a group of ancient river and glacier-carved landforms that comprise the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The river is more than 30 km long and is the largest of the glacial meltwater streams that characterize this relatively ice-free region near the Ross Sea. The complete absence of rainfall in the region and the usually small contributions of glacially derived tributaries to the main channel make this a comparatively simple system for geochemical investigation. Moreover, the lack of human impacts, past or present, provides an increasingly rare window onto a pristine aquatic system.For all major ions and silica, we observe increasing concentrations with distance from Lake Brownworth down to the recording weir near Lake Vanda. Chemical weathering rates are unexpectedly high and may be related to the rapid dissolution of ancient carbonate deposits and to the severe physical weathering associated with the harsh Antarctic winter. Of the nutrients, nitrate and dissolved reactive phosphate appear to have quite different sources. Nitrate is enriched in waters near the Lower Wright Glacier and may ultimately be derived from stratospheric sources; while phosphate is likely to be the product of chemical weathering of valley rocks and soils. We confirm the work of earlier investigations regarding the importance of the Boulder Pavement as a nutrient sink.Dissolved Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Cd are present at nanomolar levels and, in all cases, the concentrations of these metals are lower than in average world river water. We hypothesize that metal uptake and exchange with particulate phases along the course of the river may serve as a buffer for the dissolved load. Concurrent study of these three solute classes points out significant differences in the mechanisms and sites of their removal from the Onyx River. 相似文献
17.
Incorporation of metalliferous sediments from historic mining into river floodplains 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stephen B. Bradley B.Sc.Ph.s. 《GeoJournal》1989,19(1):5-14
Rivers and their floodplains are dynamic systems, sediments are continually added to floodplain surfaces, while erosion and scour may remove sediments to be added to floodplains further downstream. When mining sediments were introduced into some catchments in Britain as ore deposits were exploited, river channels and floodplains were grossly polluted with metals. The legacy of this uncontrolled release of contaminants is apparent still, and contemporary channel deposits are enriched in metals. While the floodplains acted as a buffer to the dispersal of metals straight through the catchment, metals are still being released hundreds of years later as the floodplains are eroded and this secondary pollution of the river is a long-term problem.By studying a range of mining catchments, the effects of key variables on heavy metal dispersal in the fluvial environment can be assessed. As no single catchment displays the whole array of possible situations, a mosaic of case studies from several areas provides a good representation of potential conditions. 相似文献
18.
Geochemical distribution of trace metal pollutants in water and sediments of downstream of an urban river 总被引：11，自引：8，他引：3
K. M. Mohiuddin H. M. Zakir Ph.D. K. Otomo S. Sharmin N. Shikazono Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(1):17-28
A study was conducted to investigate the trace metal pollution of water and sediments of downstream of Tsurumi River, Yokohama, Japan. Twenty samples of water and sediments were collected from the river starting from Tokyo bay side up to the junction point of the Yagami River. Results show that the mean concentrations of chromium, cupper and nickel in water greatly exceed (>100 times) the surface water standard. The concentration of molybdenum and lead was also higher than standard values while iron and manganese was lower than that of surface water standard. The mean concentration of zinc, cupper, cadmium, lead, chromium, vanadium, bromine and iodine was 381.1, 133.0, 1.0, 40.8, 102.9, 162.0, 71.5 and 10.6 μg/g sediments, respectively and was greatly exceed the average worldwide shale concentrations and average Japanese river sediment values. However, mean concentration of arsenic, nickel and strontium was 11.0, 36.6 and 164.6 μg/g sediments, respectively which was lower than the average shale value. Other analyzed trace metals, including barium, zirconium, rubidium, yttrium, tin, antimony, cesium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium were detected in river sediments; the concentration of which was close to the Japan’s river sediment average values. Pollution load index values of the sites of the studied area ranged from 1.24 to 7.65 which testify that the river sediments are polluted. The PLI value of the area was, however, high (6.53) as the concentration of trace metals like zinc, cupper, cadmium, lead and chromium were very high and were the major pollutants. 相似文献
19.
Environmental impacts of acid mine drainage (AMD) from Dexing Copper Mine, the largest open pit copper mine in Asia, on Le
An River were well documented 10 years ago. However, ore production of the mine has increased fourfold and the contamination
situation of the river now is unknown. Our studies indicated that heavy metal concentrations in riverwaters (dissolved), suspended
solids (SS) and sediments all showed highly localized distribution patterns closely associated with two AMD-contaminated tributaries
(Dawu River and Ji River) and are significantly different from the previous findings. Compared with the previous reports,
most of the sampling sites in Le An River displayed lower contents of sediments of 2005 because several historical upstream
and downstream heavy metal sources disappeared or became unimportant. The surprised decrease of copper contents in sediments
at the mixing location with Dawu River was mainly due to dilution from the sufficient input of poor copper ore (<0.3%). 相似文献
20.
The Me?a River Valley has been a center of mining, ore processing and iron- and steel-based metallurgical industry for more than 300 a. This paper deals with stream sediments draining this area. Loads of potentially toxic metals and metal-bearing phases were investigated 10 a after the cessation of Pb and Zn mining. Sediments in the upper Me?a River Valley show significant pollution with Pb and Zn as a consequence of mining and ore processing. The highest contents of Pb and Zn were found in the Me?a tributaries, which directly drain mine waste deposits (maximum values: 19,300 mg/kg Pb and 37,900 mg/kg Zn). These results reflect transport of contaminated material from mine waste sites and indicate that the inactive mine and its mine wastes are sources of metal contamination in the surrounding environment. Contents of Cr, Ni, Cu and Co are increased in the lower Me?a River Valley, in the area of Ravne, as a result of the iron and steel industry. The contribution of the Me?a River to the metal-load in the Drava River is evident.Metal-bearing phases, identified in stream sediments by SEM/EDS, are assigned to three areas, according to their source and genesis. The Me?ica mining district source area is characterized by ore minerals of geogenic/technogenic origin (cerussite, sphalerite, smithsonite and galena), the Ravne source area is characterized by technogenic trace metal-bearing Fe-alloys, Fe-oxides and spherical trace metal-oxides and the Me?a and Drava River catchment areas are represented by geogenic metal-bearing accessory and common rock-forming minerals, such as zircon, ilmenite, rutile, sphene, barite and monazite. SEM/EDS analyses of stream sediments agree well with the results of chemical analyses and they prove to be a very useful tool for identification of metal-bearing phases and their characterization according to source and genesis. 相似文献