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在相控约束条件下,利用熵权方法,考虑了砂层厚度、有效厚度、砂岩系数、有效厚度系数、分层系数、夹层频数、夹层分布密度、孔隙度、渗透率、渗透率变异系数、突进系数、级差、含油饱和度共13种反映储层非均质性的参数,定量计算储层非均质综合指数。该方法包括确定对象集合、指标因素集合、指标矩阵、归一化指标值、指标权重和计算综合指数等。熵权非均质综合指数算法可将数值有差异的属性参数对非均质指数的贡献进行弱化和强化,即去同存异;熵权非均质综合指数的大小能定量表征储层的非均质性。利用该方法在下寺湾油田柳洛峪区长8储层进行了应用,定量地刻画了储层的平面非均质性,取得了满意的效果。 相似文献
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Theis模型、Dupuit模型等经典井流模型分析非均质含水层井流试验数据有一定的局限性,获取的参数不适合表征非均质含水层特性。而GRF模型可以获取含水层流动特性的数据。相比于Theis模型、Dupuit模型,GRF模型更能表征非均质含水层特性。以黄石东湖新村棋盘洲长江大桥的抽水试验数据为例,采用Theis模型和GRF模型计算含水层渗透系数,结合实际水文地质条件,对比分析不同方法计算的水文地质参数,并计算含水层水流维数和表观压力传导系数（Kf /Ssf）。结果表明:研究区含水层为细砂夹条带状黏土透镜体的非均质含水层,采用GRF模型计算结果更符合实际情况,渗透系数为 4.09×10?3cm/s;含水层水流维数为1.61,地下水为双线性流动状态,含水层对抽水试验的响应主要受黏土条带控制;观测井和抽水主井的Kf /Ssf呈非线性相关,进一步验证了含水层的非均质性。在非均质孔隙含水层中,应用多孔联合非稳定GRF井流试验方法不仅能确定水文地质参数,并且能丰富对含水层特性的认知。 相似文献
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非均质综合指数法在砂砾岩储层非均质性研究中的应用——以双河油田V下油组为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
影响储层非均质性形成与分布的因素较多,若只从某一个或某几个因素去考虑,可能会影响对储层非均质程度的认识(宏观和微观),目前多局限于从静态或动态角度研究储层的非均质性,而将动态和静态资料相结合的研究较少.为了充分考虑影响储层非均质性分布的因素,在研究双河油田V下油组储层的非均质性时,采用了主因子分析法选出了沉积微相、砂体厚度、孔隙度、渗透率、油层的顶底面微构造、目前的综合含水率和流动带指标7个参数作为反映储层非均质性的参数.利用波的叠加原理在平面上对每个参数进行叠加从而得出了非均质综合指数值.现场实践证明,其结果比较真实地反映了储层非均质性的地下分布状况,符合率在90%以上. 相似文献
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礁滩相储集层平面非均质性定量表征技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
受沉积、成岩、构造破裂等作用影响,礁滩相储集层平面非均质性较强,但由于储集层孔隙类型多样,孔—渗关系复杂,储集层渗透率定量预测难度大,加上目前多借用碎屑岩表征参数和表征方法,致使储集层平面非均质性难以定量表征。以普光气田为例,通过分析礁滩相碳酸盐岩储集层非均质性影响因素,运用统计学中的主因子分析方法,优选出颗粒岩厚度百分比、隔夹层个数、孔隙度、基质渗透率、裂缝渗透率五项评价参数;而针对具有复杂孔隙结构特征的礁滩相储集层基质渗透率参数的取值,则引入反映孔隙形态和连通性的"孔构参数",开展储集层渗透率的测井精细解释与地震预测;以四级层序为研究单元级次,优选综合指数法,对井点上储集层非均质参数进行计算;再在传统数理统计方法评价储集层平面非均质性基础上,进一步采用地震预测渗透率反演数据体震控、沉积微相相控的多级约束,运用地质建模技术,定量评价了气田平面非均质性。研究成果较好的指导了气田开发动态分析、措施方案制定等,对气田开发具有重要意义。 相似文献
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东辛油田东营组LH断块沉积微相、断层及流体性质等地质因素的复杂性造成储层具有强烈的非均质性,为了客观表征储层非均质性,不仅需要求取常规储层非均质参数,而且还需要对层内、层间及平面非均质参数进行求取,尤其对于夹层必须从识别标准、分类及分布等方面明确其对流体的控制作用,进而进行综合分析,为查明剩余油分布提供依据. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地W油田21井区低渗透储集层非均质性较强,注水开发效果不理想。为了精确描述其储集层物性及展布特征,在地质、测井和开发动态等资料的基础上,综合应用相控建模技术,针对鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油藏采用多种建模方法相结合的手段进行了建模研究,依次建立了研究区的构造、岩相、沉积微相以及微相控制下的储层属性等相关模型。同时对油气储集层相控与非相控建模结果进行了对比,对比结果显示相控属性模型对油藏特征的描述和表征更加合理、准确,应用Petrel地质建模与Eclipse数值模拟的一体化无缝连接,使后续的CO2驱油数值模拟研究也取得了良好的应用效果。这一研究结果直接体现出相控建模技术在鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油藏的成功应用,也预示着相控建模技术是解决多种沉积微相和非均质性较强的低渗透储集层物性参数相关模拟的有效途径,能清晰地认识和识别砂体连通性及其展布规律,可为低渗透油藏后期开发提供可靠的地质基础。 相似文献
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传统方法在计算含水层渗透系数的过程中通常面临着不均匀系数C难以确定、对研究区水文地质条件较为依赖等困难。通过分析和概括内分泌系统独特的信息处理功能,构建了人工内分泌网络模型。在详细介绍模型算法和计算步骤的基础上,将其应用到华北平原滹沱河冲洪积扇前缘,根据孔隙度及粒度分布特征对含水层渗透系数进行预测,并与传统的经验公式Beyer法和Slichter法进行对比。计算结果表明：Beyer法的预测精度最低,其相对误差主要集中于0.078~1.342;Slichter法的预测精度有所提高,但对于渗透系数极端值的预测仍存在较大误差,相对误差主要集中于0.046~0.643;人工内分泌网络模型具有较高的预测精度,其相对误差主要集中于0.006~0.420。与传统经验公式相比,人工内分泌网络模型具有较高的计算精度和良好的通用性,且能够直接计算出含水层的垂向渗透系数,无需后期的数据验证。 相似文献
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储层宏观非均质性研究——以吉林油田大208区黑帝庙油层为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
储层非均质性是影响油气藏中油、气、水渗流及油气采收率的主要内因。进行储层非均质研究,对查明油藏剩余油分布、采取合理注采措施、提高采收率显得十分必要。以吉林油田大208区黑帝庙油层三角洲前缘亚相储层为例,采用隔夹层识别对比、沉积微相分析、地质统计学系数和劳伦兹系数方法分析了层间、层内和平面非均质性。研究表明:黑帝庙油层发育3套稳定隔层,据此可划分为3套开发层系;夹层在各单砂体中比较发育,应将夹层分割的注采井归为不同注采井网;非均质性受沉积微相影响明显,水下分流河道和河口坝微相的非均质性最强;地质统计学参数和劳伦兹系数研究表明,黑帝庙油层10个单砂体均为极强的非均质性,统计学参数往往偏离强非均质标准甚远,而劳伦兹参数值分布于0～1间,更能直观定量的表现出储层宏观非均质性强弱。 相似文献
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The complexity of alluvial-pluvial fan depositional systems makes the detailed characterization of their heterogeneity difficult, yet such a detailed characterization is commonly needed for construction of reliable groundwater models. Traditional models mainly focus on using a single aquifer property to qualitatively or semi-quantitatively characterize the heterogeneity of aquifer, so that they are unable to quantitatively reflect the synthetic heterogeneity of all aquifer properties. In this paper, we propose the heterogeneity synthetic index (HSI) for quantitative characterization of synthetic heterogeneity of an aquifer. The proposed calculation process involves four steps: (1) estimation of the hydraulic conductivity of a sediment sample using the cloud-Markov model, (2) establishment of the sedimentary microfacies distribution model through the Markov chain, (3) characterization of the distribution model of hydrogeological parameters using the improved sequential simulation method according to the “facies-controlled modeling” technique, and (4) application of the entropy weight method to calculate the weight coefficient of the above aquifer properties. The HSI of an aquifer is calculated by superposition of these models according to the corresponding weight coefficient. This approach was applied to the Luancheng aquifer deposit in the southeast Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan in the North China Plain (NCP). The results have demonstrated that aquifer 3 which was formed in the middle Pleistocene has the strongest heterogeneity, with an HSI of 0.25–0.75. Aquifer 4 formed in the early Pleistocene shows an intermediate heterogeneity, with the HSI ranging 0.35–0.75. The weakest heterogeneity was found in aquifers 1 and 2 formed in the Holocene and late Pleistocene, with HSI values of 0.40–0.75 and 0.40–0.80, respectively. The heterogeneity of all the four aquifers is relatively strong in the radial direction of the Huai River alluvial-pluvial fan due to the abrupt change of microfacies. In contrast, in the radial direction of the Hutuo River alluvial-pluvial fan, the microfacies change mildly, and the continuity of hydrogeological parameters is better, which has resulted in weaker heterogeneity of the four aquifers in this direction. Findings suggest that the sedimentary environment has significant effects on the aquifer heterogeneity. Considering that there are many aquifer properties, HSI can quantitatively characterize the synthetic heterogeneity of the aquifer and describe the influence of each aquifer property on the synthetic heterogeneity of the aquifer according to its weight coefficient. Thus the HSI approach can be successfully used to deal with the spatial heterogeneity of aquifer and provide a foundation for studies on contaminant transport. 相似文献
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含水层非均质性空间分布特征的识别,是准确模拟地下水流和污染物运移的前提.基于室内非均质含水层砂箱实验,分别利用水力层析法和克立金插值法刻画了非均质含水层渗透系数场.研究结果表明:(1) 水力层析法与克立金法相比,不仅可以更好地刻画非均质含水层渗透系数场,还可以更高精度地预测地下水流过程;(2) 水力层析抽水实验中,通过增加抽水实验组数可以有效地提高水力层析参数反演的精度,但是抽水实验组数增加到一定程度以后,再增加抽水组数不会显著提升参数反演的效果.后续需要进一步研究水力层析抽水实验合适的组数,进一步对抽水井进行优化布设. 相似文献
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为探讨含水层非均质性不同刻画方法对地下水流和溶质运移预测的影响,基于非均质含水层砂箱实验,分别用传统等效均质模型、克立金插值和水力层析刻画含水层渗透系数场,并探讨了先验信息对水力层析结果的影响.将不同方法估算的渗透系数场用以预测地下水流和溶质运移过程,以此判断不同方法估算结果的优劣,分析含水层非均质性对地下水流和溶质运移的影响.结果表明:与克立金插值法相比,水力层析法可以更好地刻画含水层非均质性,较准确地预测地下水流和溶质运移过程;钻孔岩心渗透系数样本值作为先验信息可以提高水力层析法估算结果的精度;传统等效均质模型无法准确预测地下水流和溶质运移过程.含水层非均质性的增强将导致溶质污染羽分布形态和运移路径的空间变异性增强,并且优势通道直接决定溶质的分布及运移路径. 相似文献
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区域尺度上含水层非均质具有复杂的结构性和随机性,难以准确刻画,造成非均质对区域地下水流系统的影响机制研究不够深入。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系地下水流系统为研究实例,选择典型剖面,采用剖面二维随机数值模拟方法,通过对比不同非均质刻画方法下地下水流场的变化,探讨含水层层状非均质对地下水流系统的影响机制。结果显示,均质条件下模型各向异性（含水层水平和垂向渗透系数比值Kh/Kv）取值为1000时,地下水流场与实际条件较为接近;非均质条件下,渗透系数方差取值0.91,水平相关长度取值5000 m,Kh/Kv取值150时,接近实际条件。研究表明,在大尺度地下水流模拟研究中,采用水平相关长度、渗透系数方差和各向异性值三个变量生成的随机场能很好地刻画含水层的层状非均质特征及其对水流系统的影响控制作用。由于含水层不同尺度层状非均质的叠加效应,采用均质各向异性介质等效概化含水层层状非均质性会造成等效各向异性值偏大失真的效应。 相似文献
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In previous studies, the groundwater flow models formulated for the Hat Yai Basin were conventional and deterministic because the geologic heterogeneity of the alluvial aquifer system in the basin had not yet been assessed. This paper describes an effort to develop hydrofacies models, such that the spatial variability of the aquifer system can be represented in a systematic way. Variogram parameters that characterize the alluvial aquifer heterogeneity were determined. Based on these variogram parameters, an indicator-based geostatistical approach was used to develop hydrofacies models using sequential indicator simulation. The hydrofacies models indicate three distinct aquifer units, namely Hat Yai, Khu Tao, and Kho Hong aquifers, which is in good agreement with a conceptual model, and incorporates spatial variability as observed in field data from borehole logs. The hydrofacies models can be used in groundwater modeling and simulations. 相似文献
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含水介质的空间分布及其非均质性对地下水流和溶质运移有着重要的影响。以淮南顾桥矿区作为研究对象,为了刻画矿区松散层含水介质的空间分布,使用转移概率地质统计方法建立含水介质的随机模型,对矿区水文地质结构的空间连续性和空间变异性进行表征;并将随机模拟得到的顾桥矿区含水介质剖面图与矿区原始水文地质剖面进行对比。结果表明,基于转移概率地质统计模拟方法可以比较准确地刻画矿区的水文地质结构;模拟剖面与原始水文地质剖面的比较显示模拟结果与实际含水介质空间分布情况有较好的一致性,转移概率地质统计方法在对含水介质非均质性刻画中具有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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An iterative inverse method, the sequential self-calibration method, is developed for mapping spatial distribution of a hydraulic
conductivity field by conditioning on nonreactive tracer breakthrough curves. A streamline-based, semi-analytical simulator
is adopted to simulate solute transport in a heterogeneous aquifer. The simulation is used as the forward modeling step. In
this study, the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be a deterministic or random variable. Within the framework of the streamline-based
simulator, the efficient semi-analytical method is used to calculate sensitivity coefficients of the solute concentration
with respect to the hydraulic conductivity variation. The calculated sensitivities account for spatial correlations between
the solute concentration and parameters. The performance of the inverse method is assessed by two synthetic tracer tests conducted
in an aquifer with a distinct spatial pattern of heterogeneity. The study results indicate that the developed iterative inverse
method is able to identify and reproduce the large-scale heterogeneity pattern of the aquifer given appropriate observation
wells in these synthetic cases. 相似文献
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南方岩溶含水系统结构识别方法初探 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
岩溶含水系统因其含水介质的高度不均匀性和各向异性而难以刻画。文章选取鄂西岩溶槽谷区典型的岩溶含水系统为研究对象,基于野外地面调查、裂隙测量、洞穴探测、多源高精度地下水示踪试验、地下水动态监测等传统手段,结合新技术、新方法来综合查明岩溶含水系统的结构,探讨岩溶含水系统的边界结构、岩溶发育主控方向、介质空间结构的识别方法,最终刻画出岩溶含水系统结构的概念模型。文章的研究成果旨在为岩溶山区1∶5万水文地质调查工作思路与方法应用提供参考,为提高全国新一轮1∶5万水文地质调查成果的精度与质量做贡献。 相似文献
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Laura Torres-Rondon Simon Damien Carrière Konstantinos Chalikakis Vincent Valles 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(5-6):241-250
Deltaic aquifers are complex due to the important heterogeneity of their structure and their hydrogeological functioning. Auger drilling provides localized, but very robust geological and hydrogeological information, while geophysical surveys can provide integrated subsurface information. An effective, easy-to-use and low-cost methodology combining geological/hydrogeological information from Auger drillings and the results from three geophysical techniques (Electromagnetic mapping, Electrical Sounding and Electrical Resistivity Tomography) is being developed to characterize the structure of a typical Mediterranean deltaic aquifer. A first hypothesis about hydrodynamic properties of the aquifer is also obtained. The study area is located in the Rhone delta (Middle Camargue/southern France). Integration of geophysical and geological techniques allowed identifying the presence and lateral extension of the Saint-Ferréol paleochannel, the vertical contact between lagoonal–fluvial deposits and the marine clayed silt that separate the superficial aquifer from the deeper aquifer. Likewise, high north–south heterogeneity and east–west homogeneity were highlighted in the study area. Presence of clay in sandy deposits in the low areas implies changes in lateral hydraulic permeability. This fact, jointed to the low hydraulic gradient, suggests a slow groundwater flow in the local system. The Rhone delta presents a typical configuration of a Mediterranean deltaic aquifer, thus this methodological approach can be used for similar deltaic Mediterranean systems. 相似文献
20.
Groundwater protection in fractured media: a vulnerability-based approach for delineating protection zones in Switzerland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alain Pochon Jean-Pierre Tripet Ronald Kozel Benjamin Meylan Michael Sinreich François Zwahlen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(7):1267-1281
A vulnerability-based approach for delineating groundwater protection zones around springs in fractured media has been developed to implement Swiss water-protection regulations. It takes into consideration the diversity of hydrogeological conditions observed in fractured aquifers and provides individual solutions for each type of setting. A decision process allows for selecting one of three methods, depending on the spring vulnerability and the heterogeneity of the aquifer. At the first stage, an evaluation of spring vulnerability is required, which is essentially based on spring hydrographs and groundwater quality monitoring. In case of a low vulnerability of the spring, a simplified method using a fixed radius approach (“distance method”) is applied. For vulnerable springs, additional investigations must be completed during a second stage to better characterize the aquifer properties, especially in terms of heterogeneity. This second stage includes a detailed hydrogeological survey and tracer testing. If the aquifer is assessed as slightly heterogeneous, the delineation of protection zones is performed using a calculated radius approach based on tracer test results (“isochrone method”). If the heterogeneity is high, a groundwater vulnerability mapping method is applied (“DISCO method”), based on evaluating discontinuities, protective cover and runoff parameters. Each method is illustrated by a case study. 相似文献