共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 703 毫秒
1.
在现场水文地质调查的基础上,分别采集大沽河下游地下淡水、海水和含水介质样品,并测定它们的性质和组成,然后用渗流装置模拟海水驱替淡水的过程,测定驱替过程中含水介质渗透性(渗透系数、孔隙度、弥散系数等)和主要离子(Na 、K 、Ca2 、Mg2 )的变化规律,最后,采用数值模拟方法定量研究驱替过程中的水文地球化学作用。研究结果表明,驱替过程中发生了多组分的离子交换作用,Ca2 和Mg2 最大值高于海水和淡水中的离子浓度值,Na —Ca2 、Na —Mg2 发生离子交换;Mg2 达到最大值后有一个降低的"台阶"阶段,此时Mg2 —Ca2 发生离子交换;K 在驱替过程中主要表现为化学吸附。离子交换过程中伴随着矿物溶解-沉淀,海水比例40%后,方解石处于过饱和状态;在驱替过程开始阶段,石膏饱和指数逐渐升高,达到峰值后又开始下降,最后饱和指数又有所升高,但始终处于非饱和状态。 相似文献
2.
人工回灌过程中含水介质物理堵塞的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用土柱渗流试验,模拟人工回灌过程中含水层的物理堵塞过程。通过测定回灌过程中含水介质渗透系数的时-空变化,系统分析和评价回灌液悬浮物浓度和水动力条件对堵塞的影响,并探讨含水介质的物理堵塞机理。研究表明,随着回灌液中悬浮物浓度的增大,悬浮物首先在含水介质的表层沉积,当悬浮物浓度为50、100、200mg/L时,回灌结束后砂柱表层介质的渗透系数分别降至初始的21%、13%和4%,表明表层发生了不同程度的堵塞现象;悬浮物浓度的大小对深部介质的渗透性影响较弱。另外,当进-出水面的水头差△H较小(即水力坡度较小)时,物理堵塞主要发生在砂柱表层,当△H为19.25cm时,回灌结束后表层渗透系数降为初始的7%;随着△H的增大,物理堵塞深度和程度越大,当△H为48.64cm时,19~34cm深度砂层渗透系数变成初始的60%。 相似文献
3.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(1)
大沽河下游截渗墙的修建有效地阻止了滨海咸水向地下水源地的入侵,但是截渗墙内侧局部滞留的地下咸水仍然影响着地下水的开采。为了进一步修复滞留的地下咸水,本文选取大沽河下游截渗墙以北1.2km2咸水含水层为示范区,通过"抽咸注淡"原位试验,人工修复地下咸水。试验结果表明:抽水井群抽出地下咸水引起地下水的运移;注水井群形成淡水帷幕,阻止东侧高电导率咸水的对流,同时注入的淡水对地下咸水进行驱替与淡化,加速咸水体的排出。"抽咸注淡"技术能够有效修复地下咸水体。 相似文献
4.
莱州湾沿岸是中国海(咸)水入侵典型区域之一,受多次海侵海退事件影响,形成了复杂的地下含水系统。为探究其地下水系统水化学特征及演化规律,对比分析白浪河地区内地下水的水化学特征及主要离子的变化规律,研究了不同分区的水化学演化过程。结果表明,内陆的咸水主要由淡水/卤水混合形成,滨海的咸水主要由淡水/海水混合形成。现存卤水在形成过程中发生了淡水的混入,水岩相互作用和阳离子交换在一定程度上改变了卤水的水化学组成。矿物饱和指数结果表明,不同分区的地下水体中,方解石和白云石基本处于饱和状态,岩盐均未达到饱和状态,石膏仅在卤水中达到饱和状态。从陆到海,地下水系统中发生的阳离子交换过程不同,淡水区和微咸水区浅层的地下水主要是水中的Ca2+与含水介质吸附的Na+交换,而其他分区的阳离子交换过程与之相反。 相似文献
5.
大沽河是青岛市最大的地下水源地,过量开采导致严重的地下咸水入侵,研究地下咸-淡水的地球化学作用对于地下咸水的治理具有重要的指导作用。本文选取大沽河地下咸淡水过渡带作为研究区,在地下水动态监测的基础上,通过地下水水质和含水介质矿物分析,借助当前成熟的水文地球化学模拟软件—PHREEQC 2.0,计算地下水中主要离子和络合离子的含量,定量确定矿物的饱和指数和地下水流向上矿物相与水之间的物质交换量。研究结果表明:(1)地下水中钠、钾、镁、钙主要以单一离子形态存在,硫、碳主要以络阴离子形态存在,而硅和铝主要以络合物形态存在;(2)在地下水流动路径上,方解石、白云石、伊利石、高岭土处于过饱和状态;而石膏、CO2、氯化钠、萤石、玉髓处于不饱和状态;(3)咸淡水过渡带地下水化学类型由HCO3-Ca·Na型水向Cl-Na型水转变的趋势。 相似文献
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气水交替驱（WAG）是增加油田水驱后的波及体积和减弱气驱过程因油气黏度差异而产生的气体指进现象的有效方法。QK17-2油田为注水开发油田,目前油田综合含水率已超过80%,已经进入开发中后期的高含水时期。针对QK17-2油田水驱后面临高含水、产油量下降的问题,通过地层流体相态实验、注N2膨胀实验、细管实验、长岩心驱替实验,研究注水后再注N2-WAG可进一步提高采收率的可行性。结果表明,单纯注N2效果不佳,注N2-WAG采收率较单纯水驱采收率提高4.46%~6.24%,而长岩心驱替在带倾角条件下注N2-WAG采收率较单纯水驱提高11%~12.58%,可见由油藏高点注N2-WAG采收率将有明显提高。 相似文献
8.
1 滨海地下咸水分布、类型及成因 矿化度(即总含盐量)大于1g/l(CI~-含量大于250mg/I)的地下水,称为地下咸水。由于地下咸水来源于海水,其水化学类型属CI—Na型(氯化物型),基本化学组成与海水相同。 地下咸水形成:①深层(如埋藏几米深),是由现代海水与陆源淡水混融而成。②高浓度地下卤水(埋藏几米至几十米)是由古海水 相似文献
9.
修建地下截渗墙是防治海水入侵的有效方法之一。本文利用OpenGeoSys软件建立二维饱和多孔介质变密度地下水流的溶质运移模型,对地下截渗墙影响下的咸水入侵问题进行了数值模拟。数值模拟结果和实验室物理模型实验的结果吻合较好,表明所建数值模型能够准确地描述自然条件下和有截渗墙存在情况下的浓度场,并跟踪咸淡水分界面随着时间的运移情况。接着,利用验证后的数值模型,分析了咸、淡水侧水位差、截渗墙高度及截渗墙位置对咸水入侵规律的影响,得出结论:(1)淡水侧水位越小,咸水楔向前入侵的距离越大,导致横向距离同一位置咸水楔越厚,上覆淡水层越薄;安装截渗墙后,淡水侧水位越小,截渗墙右侧残留咸水体完全消散所用的时间越长。这表明要从根本上解决咸水入侵问题,必须提高滨海地区向陆一侧的地下淡水水位。(2)对于不同的截渗墙高度,残留咸水的消散特性也不同。要排净残留咸水,截渗墙有最小高度要求,且相对较低的截渗墙更有利于残留咸水被冲散。(3)在截渗墙高度大于最小高度要求的情况下,截渗墙离咸水侧距离越远,残留咸水排净所需的时间越少。本文的研究不仅揭示了地下截渗墙影响下的咸水入侵规律,而且对地下截渗墙的结构设计和规划布置、以及有效防治咸水入侵提供了理论依据。 相似文献
10.
适于高温高盐油藏的聚合物性能指标评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
我国多数油田经过多年注水开发,综合含水已超过90%,而采出程度低于35%,如何提高油田采收率是高含水油田急需解决的难题。目前,聚合物驱油是工业化应用程度最高的一项提高采收率技术,但由于聚合物产品性能差异和油田现场对污水处理的需要,多数聚合物不适宜高温高盐油田的现场驱油试验。本文以胜坨高温高盐油藏的地质条件为依托,在对聚合物驱油效果影响因素分析的基础上,研究了适合于高温高盐油藏强化采油的聚合物性能指标,优选了具有梳形结构的KYPAM聚合物为胜坨油田的驱替剂。该性能指标的提出对国内外高温高盐油藏进行聚合物驱油具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
11.
Diatom succession and silicon removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones: From experiment to modelling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Estuaries act as filters for land derived material reducing the river input to the coastal zone. Silicon (Si) removal from freshwater which is tightly linked to the growth of diatoms was studied in the estuarine mixing zone where the mixing of freshwater and seawater results in a salinity gradient. Three planktonic diatom species with different origin and salinity tolerance were grown in an artificial salinity gradient. Salinity stress and nutrient depletion led to a specific succession of the three diatoms along the salinity gradient. When available light was increased, diatoms reached higher biomass and the Si removal from water column was more efficient along the mixing. From this experiment, a conceptual model of Si transformations and removal from freshwater was build and applied to an idealized stratified estuary. Sensitivity analysis with varying initial conditions and parameter values pointed transit time of freshwater in the estuary, freshwater and seawater mixing rate and river turbidity as important interactive factors influencing Si removal from freshwater. Other factors like the total amount and the salinity tolerance of diatoms in the upstream river were shown to significantly affect riverine Si removal from the surface layer of an estuary. Finally it appears that Si removal from freshwater in estuarine mixing zones proceeds in two ways: a first rapid death and sedimentation of planktonic stenohaline diatoms imported from the river and second, the growth and subsequent settling of planktonic euryhaline diatoms of either freshwater or marine origin. 相似文献
12.
将海水鱼类黑鲷Sparusmacrocephalus从盐度为26.6的海水直接转入淡水,考察渗透压的急剧降低对黑鲷的生长激素(growthhormone,GH)及其受体(growthhormonereceptor,GHR)等生理指标的影响。研究发现:(1)黑鲷从海水直接转入淡水后48h有33%的鱼死亡,对照组无死亡现象;(2)黑鲷在转入淡水48h内其血清生长激素(GH)含量、肝脏及鳃中GHR及GHRmRNA含量与对照组均无显著差异;(3)黑鲷在转入淡水48h后其肾脏中GHR含量较对照组显著升高(p<0.05),肾脏中GHRmRNA含量在24h及48h显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。结果表明,从GH含量看,黑鲷从海水环境到淡水低渗环境与鲑鳟鱼类从淡水到海水环境的适应性调节机制有差异,而黑鲷肾脏中GHR的含量变化可能参与黑鲷对外界环境渗透压的这种急剧降低的适应性调节。 相似文献
13.
微波辐射计遥感海水盐度的水池实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过水池实验研究了L波段微波辐射和盐度的关系,并进行了盐度的反演计算。实验中,先向水池内加入天然海水,然后通过向水池中添加自来水的方式调节降低池内水体的盐度,使盐度从31.67逐步降低到27.48。在此期间,利用微波辐射计观测池内水体的L波段H极化和V极化辐射值以及S波段V极化辐射值,利用CTD观测池内水体的温度和盐度。L波段微波辐射值和根据辐射理论计算出的亮温值具有很好的线性关系。利用最大和最小的2个盐度下的微波辐射值和由辐射理论计算的亮温得到定标公式,将观测的辐射值换算为亮温。最后利用半解析的反演算法反演盐度。本次实验的反演最大误差为2.1,均方差为0.3。 相似文献
14.
Chen Changsheng Chen Zhengqiang Hu Jiacai Ye Zhaohong Ji Dehu Lan Liangchun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2001,20(3):409-415
INTRODUcrIONAs a quality seaha, lobster has a greater market demand or higher demand than supply. Inrecent years the natural resource of lobster is decreasing day by day due to overfishing oPera-tions. Conequently, an attention has been increasingly drawn to the development of artificialbreeding in lObster and seedstock preduction. From the l970s to the l980s the culture of lobsterlarva started but with very slow pngress. Inoue et al. (l978), Yamakawa et al. (1989), Kitta-ka and Kimura(l… 相似文献
15.
Hydrological alterations in watersheds have changed the flows of freshwater to many nearshore marine environments. The ensuing alterations to the salinity environment of coastal waters may have implications for species distribution. This study describes the response of two common bivalves to a modified salinity environment imposed by freshwater inputs from a hydroelectric power station in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand. Populations of Austrovenus stutchburyi and Paphies australis inhabiting river deltas near the outflow of the power station in inner Doubtful Sound were more than an order of magnitude smaller in abundance than populations in neighbouring Bradshaw Sound where the salinity regime is unaltered. In addition, there was a lack of small size classes of both species in inner Doubtful Sound, suggesting that these populations are unsustainable over the long term (10–20 years). Laboratory experiments demonstrated that sustained exposure (>30 days) to low salinity (<10) significantly decreased bivalve survivorship; however, both species survived periods of exposure to freshwater up to at least 20 days in duration if followed by a period of return to normal seawater salinity. Examination of the extant salinity regime in light of these results indicates the current salinity environment in Doubtful Sound restricts bivalves to deeper waters (5–6 m depth). The observed discrepancy in the total biomass of these active suspension feeders between altered and control sites has potential implications for the flux of organic matter in the food webs of Fiordland's shallow soft sediment communities. 相似文献
16.
李刚 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):78-85
Mixing of freshwater and seawater creates the well-known salinity gradients along the estuaries. In order to investigate how phytoplankton respond to the acute salinity changes, we exposed natural phytoplankton assemblies from the Jiulong River Estuary to differential saline field water while continuously monitoring their photosynthetic performances under both indoor-and outdoor-growth conditions. When the natural cell assemblies from salinity 30 field water were exposed to series low saline field water(salinity 25, 17, 13 and 7.5), the effective Photosystem II quantum yield(ΔF/F_m′) decreased sharply, e.g., to one-fifth of its initials after 5 min exposure to salinity 7.5 field water, and then increased fast during the following 40 min and almost completely recovered after 320 min. During such an exposure process, non-photochemical quenching(NPQ) sharply increased from 0 to 0.85 within 5 min, and then decreased to nearly 0 within the following 70 min. When these cells re-acclimated to salinity 7.5 field water were exposed to series high saline field water(salinity 13, 17, 25 and 30), a similar response pattern was observed, with the decreased ΔF/F_m′ accompanied with increased NPQ, and followed by the recovery-induced increase in ΔF/F_m′ and decrease in NPQ. A similar response pattern as ΔF/F_m′to the acute osmotic stress was also observed in the photosynthetic carbon fixation capacity according to radiocarbon(~(14)C) incorporation. Our results indicate that estuarine phytoplankton assemblies could rapidly recover from the acute osmotic stress, implying a potential cause for their frequent blooms in coastal-estuarine waters where despite drastically varying salinity, available nutrients are abundant due to the land-derived runoffs or mixing-caused relaxations from sediments. 相似文献
17.
Vast declines in Zostera marina seagrass beds demand effective methods of rehabilitation. In this study, we developed a practical method by reducing salinity to induce seed germination followed with recovering salinity to facilitate seedling production of Z. marina. The results showed that Z. marina seeds collected from natural seawater(salinity 30) were induced to germinate at reduced salinities. Percent germination(GR) was higher and mean-time-to-germinate(MTG) was shorter at lower salinities. The highest GR and shortest MTG occurred at salinity 0(deionized freshwater). After germination in freshwater, seeds could develop into seedlings at salinities5–30 and continue the growth. Viability or development of germinated seeds was not significantly different during the 40 d of post-germination incubation at salinities 5–15 after 1–20 d of germination in freshwater. However,during the process of translating germinated seeds from salinity 0 and 5 to salinity 30, reducing the gradients of post-germination acclimation facilitated more seeds forming seedlings in less time. On average, after 60 d of static incubation, including 20 d in freshwater for germination followed with immediate shift to salinity 5 and increasing to salinity 30 at increment of 5 every two days until cultivation at constant salinity 30, 33% of Z. marina seeds produced healthy seedlings. The results indicate that the salinity-manipulation based method of artificial germination and seedling production is practical and effective in supporting rehabilitation of Z. marina bed. 相似文献
18.
The diffusion coefficient of dissolved silica revisited 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The diffusion coefficient of dissolved silica was determined for two different salinities, 36 and 0, at temperatures ranging from 2 °C to 30 °C and at an average pH value of 8.1. Our results show limited influence of salinity and a variation by a factor of 2 to 3 of the silica diffusion coefficient within the temperature range considered in this study. The values obtained at 25 °C are in agreement with previous work carried out at room temperature for seawater and freshwater. The dependency on temperature and viscosity of the diffusion coefficient agrees well with the Einstein–Stokes equation. The composition of the solvent appears to be an important factor because it modifies the viscosity and allows for the complexation of the dissolved silica with less mobile ions, while its pH controls the dissolved silica speciation. In seawater, the higher viscosity and the presence of dissociated and polymeric species result in a decrease of the diffusion coefficient compared to freshwater systems. 相似文献
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Influence of Salinity on pH and Aluminum Concentration on the Interaction of Acidic Red Soil with Seawater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Contamination of acidic red soil in the coastal areas of Okinawa Islands is a serious environmental problem. This study was conducted to examine the effects of the salinity on pH and aluminum concentration when the acidic red soil interacts with seawater. Acidic red soil from Gushikawa recreation center was fractionated into bulk soil, coarse sand and silt + clay. Different weights of each fraction were equilibrated with seawater solutions. The pH and concentrations of Al3+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were then analyzed in the extracts. The results showed a decreasing trend of pH with increasing soil to solution ratio while the extracted Al3+ revealed an increasing trend. The lowest pH values were 3.85, 4.06, 4.41, 4.66 and their corresponding highest Al3+ concentrations were 2.50, 1.01, 0.062 and 0.036 mmolL−1 in the seawater extracts, one-tenth seawater extracts, one-hundredth seawater extracts and one-thousandth seawater solution extracts, respectively. Mostly, the concentrations of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and especially K+ decreased with increasing soil weight in the high salinities but showed the opposite trend in the low salinity samples. Potassium concentration decreased by 39%, 53% and 40% in the seawater extracts, one-tenth and one-hundredth seawater extracts but increased by 200% in one-thousandth seawater extracts. The coincidence of the increase in Al3+ and H+ concentrations, and the decrease of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the solutions suggests ion exchange/adsorption, while the increased patterns, particularly at low salinity could be attributed to the dissolution of the species from the soils. 相似文献