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1.
东非海岸主要含油气盆地属典型大陆裂谷层序和被动陆缘层序叠合的断坳型盆地,是在冈瓦纳大陆裂解及印度洋扩张的区域构造演化背景下形成的,均经历了卡鲁裂谷期、马达加斯加漂移期和被动大陆边缘期三期构造演化。但是,南、北盆地在构造及沉积演化特征及石油地质条件、油气分布上存在较大差异,北部盆地早期受特提斯洋海侵影响,沉积发育了侏罗系潟湖相盐岩、浅海相泥页岩,而南部盆地处于强烈火山作用区,二者油气富集规律存在差异,烃源岩、储盖组合由北向南年代逐渐变新,目前北部油气发现明显更为丰富。初步分析认为,构造环境不同使得烃源岩发育北富南贫,断裂及塑性岩体作用形成的通源断层和有利圈闭存在差异,导致了东非大陆边缘南、北部盆地油气成藏上的不同。 相似文献
2.
南海南部海域新生代万安运动的构造意义及其油气资源效应 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
南海南部海域在中中新世末发生了一次区域构造运动,被命名为万安构造运动。这次构造运动在新生代沉积中的表现是断裂、块断、挤压背斜和向斜。部分地区发育逆冲构造等。根据南海区域构造分析产生这次构造运动的起因可能与菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块于13MaBP在民都洛岛处发生碰撞．以及澳大利亚板块和欧亚板块在苏拉威西岛处发生碰撞(10MaBP)有关。这两次碰撞事件均对南海南部海域产生挤压,尤其是第一次碰撞挤压(向西方向)很强烈,是这次构造事件的主导因素。万安构造运动在南海南部海域沉积盆地中产生了许多挤压构造;而该海域沉积盆地中生烃的关键时刻是6MaBP,构造形成时间在生烃关键时间之前。因此,该海域形成了极其丰富的油气资源。 相似文献
3.
马来盆地为新生代断陷盆地,经历始新世断陷期、渐新世凹陷期、中新世构造反转期3个演化阶段。中—晚中新世发生正反转构造,构造反转导致区域左行旋转逐渐变换为右行,中部和东南部反转作用强烈。马来盆地南部圈闭形成时间早,北部圈闭形成时间晚;早期生成的油在南部聚集,北部逸散;后期生成的气在北部有效聚集。北部烃源岩沉积、沉降快,埋深大,有利于成熟生烃,目前多数烃源岩已经进入生气阶段;由于后期东南部的抬升生烃受到抑制,生气量较少。马来盆地油气分布具有东部和南部以油藏为主,北部以气藏为主的特点。马来盆地划分了六大勘探区域,其中东南挤压背斜油区是油气最为富集的区域,也是主力油气产区。该区未来勘探重点主要位于深部H和J组超压带下的气藏和凝析油藏。通过对马来盆地构造特征、构造成因机制等方面的研究,厘清了构造对油气成藏的控制作用,并指出了下一步勘探的方向。 相似文献
4.
南海晚新生代构造运动与天然气水合物资源 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
南海在新生代经历过两次海底扩张产生了南海洋盆.南海北部和南部原来都是被动大陆边缘,但北部在晚新生代由于菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块在台湾地区发生了碰撞,使陆缘遭受到北西向挤压,在陆缘上产生了北西向左旋走滑活动,我们命名此次构造活动为东沙运动;南部陆缘在早中新世末由于南移的南沙地块与婆罗洲地块发生了碰撞,加上此时北移的菲律宾海板块在明都洛岛地区与欧亚板块发生碰撞,以及南部的东南苏拉威西地块与西北苏拉威西地块发生碰撞,在南海南部产生了挤压构造,我们命名此次构造运动为南沙运动.这两次新生代的构造运动改变了南北陆缘的性质,北部陆缘有人因此称之为准被动陆缘,而南部陆缘的南部则变成了挤压边缘.南海南北陆缘在晚新生代受到的挤压活动,对油气成藏和天然气水合物的形成有重要的推动作用,因为挤压活动有利于流体的流动,进而在适当的地方形成油气藏和天然气水合物. 相似文献
5.
墨西哥湾盆地是世界著名的油气富集区,也是当今世界油气勘探的重点和热点区域。墨西哥位于墨西哥湾西南侧,油气资源丰富,油气勘探活动始于19世纪,盆地陆上以气为主,海域以油为主。通过对墨西哥北部博格斯(Burgos)盆地的区域构造背景、石油地质条件以及油气成藏模式等进行综合分析认为,盆地构造类型多样,西部发育伸展构造,东部发育挤压构造;烃源岩基础好,发育多套烃源岩;储盖组合发育,储层物性较好;东侧挤压褶皱区构造发育,油气成藏条件优越,具有较好的勘探潜力。 相似文献
6.
国内外深水区油气勘探新进展 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
深水区油气资源丰富，近年来深水油气勘探不断升温。在全球6大洲18个深水盆地中已发现约580亿桶油当量的油气资源。目前，巴西、美国墨西哥湾的深水油气田已经投入生产，而且产量不断增加，西非地区也已进入开发阶段，西北欧、地中海以及亚太地区的许多国家也都在积极开展深水油气勘探或开发。海上油气钻探不断向深水区和超深水区发展，探井数目也在继续增加，投资力度不断加强，储量每年也有很大的增长。深水油气勘探成功率平均达到30％，其中，西非的勘探成功率最高。深水区烃源岩生烃潜力较好，最好的烃源岩主要分布于侏罗系、白垩系和第三系的地层中，储层以浊积岩储层为主，盖层通常比较发育，大多数圈闭都与地层因素有关。我国南海北部陆坡深水区盆地属准被动边缘盆地，从烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭到运聚条件等都具备了形成大型油气田的基本地质条件，具有丰富的资源前景。 相似文献
7.
宽扎盆地为南大西洋被动大陆边缘盆地,构造演化可划分为裂谷期、过渡期和后裂谷期3个阶段,过渡期发育阿普特阶盐岩.宽扎盆地主要发育3套烃源岩:盐下下白垩统阿普特阶湖相烃源岩、盐间早白垩世阿普特期海相烃源岩和盐上古近纪始新世海相烃源岩.宽扎盆地油气田均围绕烃源灶分布,烃源岩是该盆地油气藏形成与分布的主控因素.宽扎盆地发育4套含油气系统(盐下下白垩统、盐间下白垩统、盐上上白垩统和盐上古近系)以及2种成藏模式(古生新储和自生自储).宽扎盆地深水21区块Cameia-1井、Cameia-2井以及21区块Azul-1井盐下地层获得重大油气勘探突破,表明该盆地深水区存在盐下下白垩统含油气系统并发育优质湖相烃源岩,提高了宽扎盆地深水区油气勘探潜力. 相似文献
8.
《海洋地质前沿》2021,37(10)
南海西部大陆边缘南段发育万安盆地和湄公盆地,二者仅以昆仑隆起相隔,万安盆地以生气为主,湄公盆地以生油为主,造成二者油气差异性的原因有待探究。在已有的油气勘探资料和现有认识的基础上,通过对湄公盆地和万安盆地的热流背景、构造格局、沉积环境和生烃母质等特征进行剖析和类比,探讨2个盆地油气形成差异性的原因。研究认为,造成二者油气差异性的主要原因在于热流背景、构造格局、沉积环境以及生烃母质的不同。受断裂活动影响,万安盆地地温梯度和大地热流值均高于湄公盆地。万安盆地主力烃源岩时期是渐新世-早中新世,主要发育断拗型盆地湖沼-海湾相沉积,渐新世生烃母质主要为湖沼环境的藻类、水生植物以及高等植物的混源,早中新世生烃母质主要来自红树林等陆源高等植物,以Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ型干酪根为主,生气为主。湄公盆地主力烃源岩时期为渐新世,主要发育断陷型盆地湖相沉积,生烃母质主要来源于中深湖相的藻类和水生植物,以Ⅰ-Ⅱ型干酪根为主,生油为主。因此,断裂活动的差异控制了热流背景,构造格局的差异控制了沉积环境,沉积环境的差异控制了生烃母质,生烃母质的差异控制了油气类型。 相似文献
9.
10.
琼东南盆地华光凹陷构造特征及沉积充填 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
南海北部大陆边缘发育多个新生代含油气盆地。近年来,在南海北部珠江口盆地南部深水区陆续发现大中型气藏,证实了该区油气地质条件优越。琼东南盆地南部深水区与珠江口盆地深水区具有相似的构造沉积演化史,油气地质条件相似,具有形成大中型油气藏的地质条件,因此十分有必要开展该区的构造特征及沉积充填研究。基于近年来新采集的高精度地震资料,对华光凹陷构造特征进行详细分析,认为区内发育4种伸展构造样式,分别是地堑、半地堑、多米诺式半地堑和地垒;经历两个构造演化阶段,形成"下断上拗"的双层结构特征,相应发育两个期次的正断层。下构造层古近系受裂陷作用控制,断层发育,地层分布受断裂控制明显,上构造层新近系-第四系构造活动微弱,断层不发育,地层变形小且沉积厚度趋于稳定。华光凹陷古近系为河湖相-海陆过渡相沉积,其中下渐新统崖城组煤系地层是琼东南盆地勘探证实的主要烃源岩层系,上渐新统陵水组是主要储层发育时期,新近系-第四系为浅海-半深海-深海相沉积,其中中新统储层发育,上中新统及以上海相泥岩是良好的盖层。因此,华光凹陷具有良好的生储盖组合。 相似文献
11.
南海北缘新生代盆地沉积与构造演化及地球动力学背景 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
南海北缘新生代沉积盆地是全面揭示南海北缘形成演化及与邻区大地构造单元相互作用的重要窗口。通过对盆地沉积-构造特征分析,南海北缘新生代裂陷过程显示出明显的多幕性和旋转性的特点。在从北向南逐渐迁移的趋势下,东、西段裂陷过程也具有一定的差异,西部裂陷活动及海侵时间明显早于东部,裂陷中心由西向东呈雁列式扩展。晚白垩世-早始新世裂陷活动应是东亚陆缘中生代构造-岩浆演化的延续,始新世中、晚期太平洋板块俯冲方向改变导致裂陷中心南移,印度欧亚板块碰撞效应是南海中央海盆扩张方向顺时针旋转的主要原因。 相似文献
12.
The China seas and adjacent areas contain numerous petroleum basins. One of the main challenges for future oil and gas exploration is to identify the inherent patterns of petroleum basin distribution. The formation and evolution of petroleum basins along with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas are often closely related to the tectonic environment. The gravity and magnetic fields with high lateral resolution and wide coverage provide important data for regional tectonic research. Based on the gravity data in the Global Satellite Gravity Anomaly Database (V31.1) and magnetic data from the Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution) (V2), this study uses integrated gravity and magnetic field technique to obtain integrated gravity and magnetic field result for the China seas and adjacent areas, and then adopts the normalized vertical derivative of the total horizontal derivative technique to conduct partition. Finally, it identifies the relationship between the partition characteristics and tectonics as well as the patterns of petroleum basin occurrence. The research shows that the partition of gravity and magnetic field integrated result has a good correlation with the Neo-Cathaysian tectonic system and tectonic units. The petroleum basins are characterized according to three blocks arranged from north to south and four zones arranged from east to west. The north?south block structure causes the uneven distribution of oil and gas resources in the mainland area and the differences in the hydrocarbon-bearing strata. Petroleum basins are more abundant in the north than in the south. The ages of the main oil- and gas-bearing strata are “Paleozoic–Mesozoic, Paleozoic–Mesozoic–Cenozoic, and Paleozoic–Mesozoic”, in order from north to south. The difference in the overall type of oil and gas resources in all basins is controlled by the east–west zonation. From east to west, the oil and gas resource type exhibits a wave-like pattern of “oil and gas, gas, oil and gas, gas”. The vertical distribution is characterized by an upper oil (Mesozoic–Cenozoic) and lower gas (Mesozoic–Paleozoic) structure. Within the study area, the Paleozoic marine strata should be the main strata of future natural gas exploration. 相似文献
13.
南海北缘东部盆地油气资源研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
南海北缘东部的珠江口盆地及台西南盆地蕴藏着十分丰富的油气资源，根据区域构造背景、盆地发育分布的特点及中、新生代的油气地质条件，结合含油气构造、油气田、油气井的分布规律，利用油气资源评价的理论、方法，对区内的油气资源进行了综合研究，并按照油气资源状况划分出油气富集区、油气潜力区、油气远景区，在此基础上，再进一步划分出4条油气富集带、11条油气潜力带、8条油气远景带，充分显示了该区石油、天然气的分布规律和油气地质特点，为商业性的勘探开发和理论研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
14.
A. Zabanbark 《Oceanology》2013,53(4):491-497
The Norwegian passive continental margin is represented by an extensive gentle shelf and continental slope. On the continental slope, there are the isolated Vøring, Møre and Ras basins, the Halten Terrace is situated to the east of them at the shelf, then the Nordland submarine ridge and the Trondelag Platform at the seaboard. There are Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments in its sections. Two complex structures are clearly distinguished in the sedimentary section: the lower stage (up to the Upper Cretaceous), reflecting the rifting structure of the basins, broken by a system of dislocations to a series of horsts, grabens, and separated blocks; and the upper stage, poorly dislocated, like a mantle covering the lower stage, with erosion and sharp unconformity. The Halten Terrace is the principal oil and gas production basin. At present, there are more than 50 oil, gas, and condensate fields in it. The following particularities have been discovered: than the field lays in the deepwater, than the age of the hydrocarbon pay is younger. It is also interesting that all gas fields are situated in the Vøring and Møre basins and western part of the Halten Terrace; the oil and gas fields, mainly at the center of the Halten Terrace; but pure oil fields, in the north of the terrace. In conformity with discovering the particularities, it is possible to say that the prospects of oil and gas bearing in the Norwegian Sea are primarilyt related to the Halten Terrace and the Vøring and Møre basins, especially the territories situated at the boundary of the two basins, where it is possible to discover large hydrocarbon accumulations like the Ormen-Lange field, because the Paleocene-Upper Cretaceous productive turbidite thick at the boundary of these basins is on the continental slope, which is considered promising a priori. 相似文献
15.
A. Zabanbark 《Oceanology》2010,50(2):268-280
The oil and gas basins of Australia are confined to its western and northwestern margins. They are typical pericontinental
depressions in the continent-ocean transition zone with a passive tectonic regime. The following oil and gas basins are definable
from the south to northward: the Perth, Carnarvon, Canning, Browse, and Bonaparte. All these basins are well studied. Among
them, the Carnarvon basin is the most productive. Despite the discovery of approximately a hundred oil and gas fields in this
basin, its continental slopes are still insufficiently known. In this connection, the morphostructural features of the productive
areas were analyzed using a specialized GIS technique. The performed analysis of the Carnarvon hydrocarbon-bearing basin demonstrated
the efficiency of this technique and allowed several promising zones located west, north, and south of the discovered oil
and gas fields and forming a single trend with them to be outlined. The total reserves of the country are as high as 2.1 ×
109 t of oil and 840 × 109 m3 of gas. The annual oil production in Australia by January 1, 2008 was 22.25 × 106 t of oil and 14 × 109 m3 of gas. Approximately 95% of the oil and 80% of the gas produced in Australia by the beginning of 2008 were obtained from
offshore parts of its basins. 相似文献
16.
The northern continental margin of the South China Sea(SCS) is located within the tectonic system of Southeast Asia, an area with a great deal of tectonic migration due to the regional tectonic movements. The available geological and geophysical data of the area are comprehensively analyzed in order to demonstrate the typical migration patterns of the Cenozoic tectonics in the northern SCS caused by the episodes of the Cenozoic tectonic movement. Furthermore, the lateral variation characteristics of the strata and the different evolution patterns of the main basins’ features are assessed. It primarily focus on:(1) the Cenozoic episodic rifting from north to south in the continental margin of the northern SCS;(2) the rifting and depression time of the main basins progressively become younger as one goes from north to south, signifying that the migration of both the tectonics and the sediments within the northern SCS travelled from north to south during the Cenozoic; and(3) the lateral tectonic migration on the direction of EW is not regular in total, but in some local areas the trending of the tectonic migration is from west to east. The analysis of the tectonic migration features of the northern SCS, in combination with the regional tectonic evolution background, indicates that the observed remote lagging effect, resulted from the India-Eurasia plate collision, is the main dynamic mechanism involved in the tectonic migration within the northern SCS. The tectonic migration has significant influence on both the organization of petroleum deposits and on the hydrocarbon accumulation within the basins in the northern SCS; comprehensive understanding of this dynamic system is of great reference value in predicting the hydrocarbon accumulation and has the potential to have an enormous impact in discovering new deep reservoirs for the future oil-gas exploration. 相似文献
17.
渤海海域构造应力场演化及其在油气聚集中的作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
渤海海域位于渤海湾盆地东部,在盆地区域动力学背景下,形成了渤海海域特征的沉积和构造环境。渤海海域新生代具有早期断陷、后期拗陷的特点,断裂以NE—NNE走向为主,其次是EW走向,再次是NW走向。通过区域构造演化和沉积体系的深入研究,将海域新生代地质构造活动按构造应力的方向、大小和其他构造形变参数划分为4个期次:①古新世;②始新世—渐新世;③中新世—早更新世;④晚更新世至今。在一系列构造演化过程中,构造应力场的变化对海域内的3组主要断裂具有重要的影响。不同方向的断裂在不同阶段应力场的作用下,所表现的特征和对油气的控制作用是不同的,尤其是NNE—NE向断裂在构造演化过程中多次具有走滑活动,油气主要聚集在走滑作用所派生的局部圈闭或附近存在的构造弱化带中。 相似文献
18.
南海西沙海槽盆地地质构造特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西沙海槽盆地是一个发育在南海北部陆坡深水区的新生代沉积盆地,接受了厚1 500～8 000m的沉积,沉积层中部厚,南北薄,呈南北分带特征。地震剖面上表现出下断上拗的特点,盆地裂陷期的构造样式以"多米诺式半地堑"或"地堑"为特征,控制半地堑发育的主要断层有F1、F2、F3、F4、F5。盆地发育经历了古新世—渐新世断陷和中新世—第四纪拗陷两个主要演化阶段,断陷阶段发育陆相河湖相沉积,拗陷阶段发育浅海-半深海沉积。 相似文献
19.
Sea area is an important area of oil and gas exploration in China. It has been found that China’s sea area mainly consists of coal type oil and gas, and the exploration of coal-bearing series source rocks has become an important part of oil and gas exploration there. Through years of comprehensive geological research in China’s sea area, it has been revealed that it has undergone multiple occurrences of tectonic opening and closing movements in varying degrees in the Paleogene, forming 26 Cenozoic sedimentary basins of various types, such as active continental margin, passive continental margin, transitional continental margin and drift rift basins. In the present study, it is observed for the first time that coal type source rocks are mainly developed in 14 continental margin basins in China’s sea area, revealing that a very large C-shaped coal-bearing basin group developed there in the Cenozoic. Next, based on the coupling analysis of paleoclimate, paleobotany, paleogeography and paleostructure, it is observed that there are five coal-forming periods in China’s sea area, namely the Paleocene, Eocene, early Oligocene, late Oligocene and Miocene-Pliocene, and the coal-forming age is gradually new from north to south. It is also found that the coal seams in the sea area are mainly developed in three coal-forming environments in Cenozoic, namely delta, fan delta and tidal flat-lagoon. The coal seams developed in different environments are characterized by thin thickness, many layers and poor stability. However, the coal-bearing series source rocks in China’s sea area have a wide distribution range, very high thickness and large amount, thus forming a material basis for the formation of rich coal type oil and gas. 相似文献