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1.
针对存在强剩磁作用磁化方向不明的磁异常,本项研究探索直接处理斜磁化磁异常的识别,提出了基于磁力梯度张量模的各向异性边界探测方法.首先利用各向异性尺度改进了各向异性标准差的核函数,突出各向异性高斯函数的作用;结合磁力梯度张量模来消弱斜磁化的影响.数值实验模拟了一组复杂磁异常模型,在斜磁化条件下分析该研究方法的边界探测效果.实验表明：改进方法,即磁力梯度张量模的各向异性标准化方差,它可以探测非垂直磁化磁异常的磁源边界;同时指出,改进方法比基于三维解析信号振幅的各向异性标准化方差对磁化方向的依赖性更小.将该方法应用于中国西部某磁铁矿集区的精细探测,在非垂直磁化条件下对实测磁异常直接进行边界探测,获得了较为理想的处理结果. 相似文献
2.
A Fourier transformation of the magnetic field from a magnetized sphere allows a particularly simple interpretation of the parameters of the sphere. The depth to the centre and total magnetic moments of the sphere are related to the intercept and slope of the power spectrum. The horizontal centre and direction of magnetization are related to slope and intercept of the phase spectra in two perpendicular, horizontal directions. Examples with artificial data contaminated by various noise components are presented. 相似文献
3.
Magnetic anomalies are often disturbed by the magnetization direction, so we can’t directly use the original magnetic anomaly to estimate the exact location and geometry of the source. The 2D analytic signal is insensitive to magnetization direction. In this paper, we present an automatic method based on the analytic signal horizontal and vertical derivatives to interpret the magnetic anomaly. We derive a linear equation using the analytic signal properties and we obtain the 2D magnetic body location parameters without giving a priori information. Then we compute the source structural index (expressing the geometry) by the estimated location parameters. The proposed method is demonstrated on synthetic magnetic anomalies with noise. For different models, the proposed technique can both successfully estimate the location parameters and the structural index of the sources and is insensitive to noise. Lastly, we apply it to real magnetic anomalies from China and obtain the distribution of unexploited iron ore. The inversion results are consistent with the parameters of known ore bodies. 相似文献
4.
N. Yu. Romanova 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2017,57(4):426-433
Radio sounding of midlatitude ionosphere shows that natural small-scale electron density irregularities in the F region are cross-field anisotropic. The orientation of the cross-field anisotropy is different under different geophysical conditions. The cross-field anisotropy orientation is matched with the horizontal wind direction calculated within the HWM07 model for each event. It is ascertained that natural irregularities in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field are stretched along the horizontal wind direction under different geophysical conditions. 相似文献
5.
Jamaledin Baniamerian Shuang Liu Xiangyun Hu Maurizio Fedi Mahak Singh Chauhan Mahmoud Ahmed Abbas 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2320-2342
Inversion of magnetic data is complicated by the presence of remanent magnetization, and it provides limited information about the magnetic source because of the insufficiency of data and constraint information. We propose a Fourier domain transformation allowing the separation of magnetic anomalies into the components caused by induced and remanent magnetizations. The approach is based on the hypothesis that each isolated source is homogeneous with a uniform and specific Koenigsberger ratio. The distributions of susceptibility and remanent magnetization are subsequently recovered from the separated anomalies. Anomaly components, susceptibility distribution and distribution of the remanent and total magnetization vectors (direction and intensity) can be achieved through the processing of the anomaly components. The proposed method therefore provides a procedure to test the hypotheses about target source and magnetic field, by verifying these models based on available information or a priori information from geology. We test our methods using synthetic and real data acquired over the Zhangfushan iron-ore deposit and the Yeshan polymetallic deposit in eastern China. All the tests yield favourable results and the obtained models are helpful for the geological interpretation. 相似文献
6.
7.
Ronald T. Merrill 《Surveys in Geophysics》1975,2(3):277-311
Experimental evidence and theory indicate that chemical changes occur in many igneous rocks at sufficiently low temperatures to significantly affect the remanent magnetization. Some chemical changes lead to self-reversals of magnetization that are not reproducible in laboratory experiments. Such self-reversals appear to be very rare in subaerially-erupted basalts, but they probably are much more common in some other rock types, such as granites and diorites. The stability of the natural remanent magnetization in igneous rocks can be decreased, left unaltered, or increased by chemical changes. In addition, chemical changes will usually affect the intensity of magnetization in a rock; the intensity can increase, decrease, or (rarely) be left unaltered by a chemical change. Such changes are important to consider in the development of improved techniques for obtaining reliable estimates of the intensity of the Earth's magnetic field in the past and in correctly interpreting marine magnetic anomalies. Finally, experiments and theory are presented which suggest that many of the chemical changes in igneous rocks will only occasionally produce significant changes in the direction of the magnetization. 相似文献
8.
A magnetotelluric finite-element modelling algorithm is developed, which is capable of handling three-dimensional conductive and magnetic anisotropic anomalies. Different from earlier three-dimensional magnetotelluric anisotropic modelling methods, the algorithm we presented has taken the magnetic anisotropy into consideration. The variational equations are produced by the Galerkin method and the governing equations are solved using a hexahedral vector edge finite-element method. The accuracy of this algorithm is firstly validated by comparing its solutions with the results of finite-difference method for a three-dimensional conductive arbitrary anisotropic model, and then validated by comparing with analytical solutions for a one-dimensional magnetic model. The responses of four kinds of models under different conditions are studied, and some conclusions are obtained. It shows that for materials with a high magnetic permeability, its influence on magnetotelluric responses cannot be ignored in some circumstances. Especially, if the magnetic susceptibility is exceptionally high, it may really distort the apparent resistivities of lower resistive anomalies. These conclusions are also beneficial for magnetotelluric survey. 相似文献
9.
The diffusion of the dynamo-generated magnetic field into the electrically conducting inner core of the Earth may provide an explanation for several problematic aspects of long-term geomagnetic field behavior. We present a simple model which illustrates how an induced magnetization in the inner core which changes on diffusive timescales can provide a biasing field which could produce the observed anomalies in the time-averaged field and polarity reversals. The Earth's inner core exhibits an anisotropy in seismic velocities which can be explained by a preferred orientation of a polycrystalline aggregate of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) iron, an elastically anisotropic phase. Room temperature analogs of hcp iron also exhibit a strong anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, ranging from 15 to 40% anisotropy. At inner core conditions the magnetic susceptibility of hcp iron is estimated to be between 10−4 and 10−3 SI. We speculate here that the anisotropy in magnetic susceptibility in the inner core could produce the observed anomalies in the time-averaged paleomagnetic field, polarity asymmetry, and recurring transitional virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) positions. 相似文献
10.
针对提高磁异常化磁极的质量问题,提出基于离散余弦变换(DCT)的化磁极方法.以位场余弦变换谱分析为基础,从理论上推导了基于DCT的二度和三度体总场磁异常化磁极转换公式.在倾斜板状体模型实验中,化磁极误差小于0.001 nT,具有较高的精度;在单球体及多球体模型实验中,采用基于DCT的化磁极方法在5.倾斜磁化时就可以取得较好的化磁极结果,15°时化磁极的效果更加明显,其等值线的形态、幅值以及所反映的磁性体的水平位置都得到较好的恢复,这说明,采用本文方法进行化磁极时,可以取得较好的效果. 相似文献
11.
Mike Jackson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1991,136(1):1-28
The magnetic fabric of rocks and sediments is most commonly characterized in terms of the anisotropy of low-field magnetic susceptibility (AMS). However, alternative methods based on remanent magnetization (measured in the absence of a magnetic field) rather than induced magnetization (measured in the applied field) have distinct advantages for certain geological applications. This is particularly true for; (1) adjunct studies in paleomagnetism, in order to assess the fidelity with which a natural remanence records the paleofield orientation; (2) studies of weakly magnetic or weakly deformed rocks, for which susceptibility anisotropy is very difficult to measure precisely; and (3) quantitative applications such as strain estimation. The fundamental differences between susceptibility and remanence (and their respective anisotropies) are due to several factors: (1) susceptibility arises from all of the minerals present in a sample, whereas remanence is carried exclusively by a relatively small number of ferromagnetic minerals; (2) ferromagnetic minerals are generally more anisotropic than para- and diamagnetic minerals; (3) for ferromagnetic minerals, remanence is inevitably more anisotropic than susceptibility; and (4) a number of common minerals, including single-domain magnetites, possess an inverse anisotropy of susceptibility, i.e., they tend to have minimum susceptibility parallel to the long axis of an individual particle; remanence is immune to this phenomenon. As a consequence of all these factors, remanence anisotropy may generally provide a better quantitative estimate of the actual distribution of particle orientations in a rock sample.Contribution number 9102 of the Institute for Rock Magnetism, University of Minnesota. 相似文献
12.
应用伪谱法研究了地壳各向异性对上地幔各向异性分析的影响. 用几种不同情况下的两层各向异性模型,模拟了全波场,着重分析了不同深度观测点上的剪切波分裂特征. 结果表明,当地壳为各向同性或其各向异性主轴与上地幔重合或相互垂直时,在地壳观测到的快、慢剪切波的偏振方向保持了上地幔中的偏振方向;重合时,快、慢波走时延迟增大;垂直时,走时延迟减小. 当地壳的各向异性主轴与上地幔成一般夹角时,其粒子运动轨迹变得十分复杂,不能直观地识别上地幔各向异性中的快波方向,对走时延迟也有一定的影响. 将常用的两种分析方法应用于对模拟结果的反演,发现当地壳各向异性与上地幔各向异性方向为一般夹角时,反演结果会出现较大的误差或误判. 进而提出解决这一问题的方法,一是综合多种方法的结果;二是由拟合残差或相关系数等值线作进一步的确定. 相似文献
13.
地震各向异性是反映地球内部介质特性的重要指针之一。常用的横波分裂法和二维面波方位各向异性层析成像方法很难准确反映各向异性随深度的变化。将与周期相关的区域化面波方位各向异性转换成与深度相关的一维横波速度方位各向异性可以弥补深度信息不足的缺陷。现有三维横波速度各向异性研究多是通过两步方法来实现的,即逐个周期二维面波方位各向异性层析成像以及逐个格点一维横波速度方位各向异性反演。这种分步反演的方式既不利于三维先验约束的引入,也不利于利用原始观测拟合误差对三维模型进行直接评估。因此本文开发了基于面波频散曲线的三维横波速度方位各向异性层析成像方法,并编制了相关正演和反演程序。为了检测方法和程序的有效性,我们对规律分布的三维检测板模型进行了模拟测试。测试结果显示:该方法可以很好地恢复各向同性波速异常、各向异性相对强度和快波方向等三维结构信息;而且反演模型相对于参考模型明显改善了对观测数据的拟合,降低了对观测数据的均方根误差。但对各向同性理论模型进行各向异性反演时,在波速均匀区可产生小于0.5%的假各向异性幅值,在波速非均匀区该假的各向异性幅值会更大,浅部可达3.5%。因此在实际应用中需要谨慎解释（浅部）非均匀区的各向异性结果。 相似文献
14.
K. KUNARATNAM 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(2):439-447
A method is presented for determining the lower surface of a two-dimensional body producing a magnetic anomaly when its upper surface and the intensity of magnetization are given. The magnetization vector is assumed to lie along a specified direction but the sense of magnetization may be different in different vertical sections of the body and may be regarded as unknown. The method is illustrated using the computed anomalies of some theoretical models. 相似文献
15.
The magnetic map of Slovakia used in the paper was compiled as part of a project titled Atlas of Geophysical maps and profiles in 2001. The residual magnetic data were analyzed to produce Curie point estimates. To remove distortion of magnetic anomalies
caused by the Earth’s magnetic field, reduction to pole transformation was applied to the magnetic anomalies using the magnetization
angle of the induced magnetization. Anomalies reduced to the pole tend to be better correlated with tectonic structures. We
applied a 3-km upward continuation to the residually compiled magnetic anomalies in order to remove effects of topography.
The depth of magnetic dipoles was calculated by an azimuthally averaged power spectrum method for the entire area. Such estimates
can be indicative of temperatures in the crust, since magnetic minerals lose their spontaneous magnetization according to
Curie temperature of the dominant magnetic minerals in the rocks. The computed Curie point depths in the Slovakia region vary
between 15.2 km and 20.9 km. Heat flow higher than 100 mWm−2 occurs at the central volcanics and eastern part of Slovakia, where the Curie point depths values are shallow. The correlation
between Curie point depths, heat flow and crust depth was investigated for two E-W cross sections. Heat flow and Curie point
depth values are correlated with each other however, these values could not be correlated with crust depth. The Curie point
isotherm, which separates magnetic and non-magnetic parts of the crust, is represented in two cross sections. 相似文献
16.
Tiago Mane Nunes Valéria Cristina F. Barbosa João Batista C. Silva 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(9-10):1891-1911
We present a total-field anomaly inversion method to determine both the basement relief and the magnetization direction (inclination and declination) of a 2D sedimentary basin presuming negligible sediment magnetization. Our method assumes that the magnetic intensity contrast is constant and known. We use a nonspectral approach based on approximating the vertical cross section of the sedimentary basin by a polygon, whose uppermost vertices are forced to coincide with the basin outcrop, which are presumably known. For fixed values of the x coordinates our method estimates the z coordinates of the unknown polygon vertices. To obtain the magnetization direction we assume that besides the total-field anomaly, information about the basement’s outcrops at the basin borders and the basement depths at a few points is available. To obtain stable depth-to-basement estimates we impose overall smoothness and positivity constraints on the parameter estimates. Tests on synthetic data showed that the simultaneous estimation of the irregular basement relief and the magnetization direction yields good estimates for the relief despite the mild instability in the magnetization direction. The inversion of aeromagnetic data from the onshore Almada Basin, Brazil, revealed a shallow, eastward-dipping basement basin. 相似文献
17.
从盲源分离方法的问题及假设条件出发,阐述了探讨重磁信号非高斯性的必要性;通过对不同理论模型重磁异常信号的非高斯性进行研究,得出球体与直立长方体的重磁异常信号不是高斯信号;同时得出台阶重磁异常信号的非高斯性与其埋深有关,与磁化方向无关。 相似文献
18.
在磁异常数据处理中,利用等效源技术重构磁异常场具有较好的稳定性和较高的计算精度,因而被广泛应用.传统方法是采用设置在近地表的单层等效源拟合实测磁异常数据,尽管拟合精度很高,但向上延拓之后往往会出现较大的拟合误差,即可能存在磁异常信号的"泄漏",尤其在原始数据中存在背景场时更容易出现此种误差.本文提出一种多层等效源技术方案,应用分布于不同深度范围内的等效源模拟实测数据,减少了等效源参数设置的盲目性.理论模型试验表明,采用多层等效源方法重构的磁异常及其梯度与分量,较单层等效源方法具有更高精度,可以吸收更完整的实测磁异常信息.论文详细地讨论了如何优化多层等效源设置、等效源参数选择以及计算方法,通过二维和三维理论模型试验,验证了在复杂条件下多层等效源方法的可行性和适应性,并且将该方法应用于广西某地的实测磁异常数据转换之中,取得了较好的应用效果. 相似文献
19.
F. JANK 《Geophysical Prospecting》1972,20(2):375-384
In the interpretation of magnetic anomalies and in paleomagnetism, the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is commonly neglected. Nevertheless, this property has basic significance, because, owing to susceptibility anisotropy, the directions of the vectors of induced and remanent magnetization are deflected from the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. Almost all rock types investigated possess higher or lower degree of the susceptibility anisotropy. Effusive and sedimentary rocks have the lowest degree of anisotropy. For the latter, the “masking effect” of the paramagnetic mineral components has some influence on the anisotropy degree due to the low mean susceptibility of sedimentary rocks. Metamorphic and plutonic rocks usually exhibit a considerable degree of anisotropy. The highest degree of anisotropy has been found in the rocks containing ferromagnetic minerals with mimetic fabric. The dependence of the degree of the susceptibility anisotropy on the degree of metamorphism proved to be very complicated; of the rock sequence from slates to gneisses, the transient rocks (roofing slates and mica-schist-gneisses) showed the highest degree of anisotropy. This result can be used in geology for reliable determination of these rock types. 相似文献
20.
The composition, granulometry data, and concentration of grains that carry the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) are studied
in the bottom 6.5 meters of the loess-soil deposits of the Pekla section (Azov coast, Krasnodar region). It was shown that
these strata, which correspond to the 9th–11th marine oxygen isotope stages (MIS) and cover the time interval ∼425–300 ka,
are suitable for further paleomagnetic investigation. The deposits in the upper portion of the Inzhavino paleosoils (Likhvin
Interstadial) contain the records of anomalous deviations of the direction of magnetization from the dipole field at the sampling
site. The studied interval was sampled by taking two hand blocks from four sampling levels, which minimizes the errors due
to the specimen cutting. This anomaly dated ∼300 ka possibly corresponds to the Biva-II geomagnetic excursion. However, the
studies of implications of anisotropy in magnetic susceptibility (AMS) for the direction of natural remanent magnetization
(NMR) have shown that parts of the samples from the Inzhavino paleosoils and the underlying loess horizon are magnetically
anisotropic, which is characteristic for biogenic magnetite grains, while other parts of the samples exhibit plane anisotropy
typical for natural sedimentary structures. A weak correlation between the time series of averaged curves of relative paleointensity,
NRM20/ARM20 (and NRM20/K) for the loess horizons of the Pekla section and the global composite reference curve of relative paleointensity, Sint-800,
in the time intervals 200–130 ka and 370–320 ka indicates that the paleomagnetic records have been imprinted not only on the
detritic magnetic grains but also on the grains produced by chemical reactions and the life processes of bacteria. 相似文献