共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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王文正 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2001,21(4):117-119
利用X射线衍射物相分析方法，对不同生长阶段的中国皱纹盘鲍壳体矿物组成进行了分析，结果表明，中国皱纹盘鲍壳体矿物成分包括文石、方解石、白云石3种，文石属于主要成分，另两者属于次要组分；从皱纹盘鲍生长的幼体到成体，壳体的矿物组成中文石所占的比例逐渐降低，方解石的比例逐渐增加，而白云石含量基本保持恒定。 相似文献
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利用皱纹盘跑（Haliotis discus hannai）贝壳颜色与摄食饵料相关且贝壳生成后色调不再改变等特点,以幼鲍贝壳顶部摄食底栖硅藻期间形成的褐红色部位的壳长指示它剥离时的壳长,将贝壳颜色用作形态标记,首次在皱纹盘鲍苗种繁育中观察到无意识选择。在投喂人工配合饵料后的第3天与第30天,分别从遗传背景不同的8组样本... 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍主要器官的亚显微结构 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对皱纹盘鲍的胃、直肠、消化腺、肾、鳃、心脏、外套膜、足等器官的亚显微结构进行了研究。结果表明 :(1 )各消化器官的组织结构中富含酶原颗粒和分泌颗粒 ,这些颗粒具有消化和抗病的功能 ;(2 )鳃和心肌的组织结构中富含线粒体 ,这与其活动量大密切相关 ;(3 )外套膜的组织结构中富含分泌颗粒 ,这些颗粒物质参与贝壳的形成和体液免疫 ;(4)肾实质中静脉呈网状分布 ,这与体液的有效过滤有关 ;(5 )腹足的肌纤维成束 ,并形成三维的网状结构 ,以适应匍匐与吸附的生活方式 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discushannai Ino)胚胎RNA分离和cDNA文库构建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从皱纹盘鲍胚胎样本中分离RNA并构建了cDNA文库。分别收集孵化8、10和12h的皱纹盘鲍胚胎,用抽滤除菌的海水反复悬浮胚胎,将这3个发育阶段的胚胎样本等量混合后用TRIZOL试剂提取总RNA,将提取物用酚氯仿异戊醇再抽提2次,分离获得高质量的总RNA。从总RNA中分离mRNA,构建了皱纹盘鲍混合胚胎的cDNA文库,未扩增胚胎文库的滴度为5.0×106pfu/ml,重组率为94.12%,插入片段均大于400bp,70.6%克隆的插入片段分布在1000—1500bp之间,扩增后的文库滴度为3.06×109pfu/ml。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(7)
以初始体重(3.17±0.01)g的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)为研究对象,在其饲料中分别添加0、0.7和2.1g/kg的α-硫辛酸配制成3种半精制饲料,在水体Cu含量为0.02mg/L的静水养殖系统中饲养60d,探讨饲料硫辛酸在水体Cu胁迫条件下对皱纹盘鲍的保护作用。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍的特定生长率(SGR)随着饲料中硫辛酸的增加而升高,但与对照组无显著差异。0.7和2.1g/kg硫辛酸处理组皱纹盘鲍的血清、外套膜、鳃和肝胰脏中Cu含量显著低于对照组,2.1g/kg硫辛酸处理组的肌肉中Cu含量显著低于对照组,但是0.7g/kg硫辛酸处理组肌肉Cu含量与对照组无显著差异。硫辛酸的各添加水平显著升高Cu胁迫下皱纹盘鲍的肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的活力及还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。0.7和2.1g/kg硫辛酸处理组的肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著低于对照组。2.1g/kg硫辛酸处理组肝胰脏蛋白羰基的含量和DNA断裂损伤显著低于对照组和0.7g/kg处理组。由此可见,饲料中的硫辛酸可以显著升高Cu胁迫下的皱纹盘鲍肝胰脏抗氧化水平,显著降低皱纹盘鲍组织Cu的沉积量,并在一定程度上减轻了肝胰脏蛋白质、DNA损伤和脂质过氧化。 相似文献
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以组织学、组织化学和透射电镜观察等方法研究了皱纹盘鲍自孵化后的担轮幼虫至1a龄幼鲍10个时期消化系统的胚后发育.食道于面盘幼虫早期出现;自围口壳幼虫食道中段的上皮细胞开始分泌蛋白酶;在上足分化幼体食道侧囊形成;在稚鲍,食道侧囊上皮分化成微绒毛细胞、分泌细胞和纤毛细胞.嗉囊直至稚鲍期才形成;在1a龄幼鲍,嗉囊腔大于胃腔.胃出现于面盘幼虫早期;到匍匐幼虫,胃腔出现单细胞藻.肠出现于面盘幼虫早期;在上足分化幼虫,肠上皮分化为纤毛细胞和微绒毛细胞两种细胞;在稚鲍肠上皮分化成纤毛细胞、微绒毛细胞、Ⅰ型腺细胞、Ⅱ型腺细胞和黏液细胞共5种细胞,肠沟出现.唾液腺形成于上足分化幼虫期.消化腺于面盘幼虫早期出现,自面盘幼虫中期开始分化成嗜碱性细胞和消化细胞.嗜碱性细胞的细胞质由嗜酸性逐渐转变为嗜碱性;至上足分化幼虫,细胞内出现含铁的折光小体.消化细胞自匍匐幼虫摄食起就出现内吞作用,细胞内含大量囊泡.研究表明,发育到稚鲍时,消化系统诸器官的结构和功能已基本接近成鲍. 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍是我国重要的增养殖贝类,近年来养殖产量增长迅速,但现有养殖群体仍存在抗逆性不足、底播增养殖低效等问题。个体身份的标记技术对于皱纹盘鲍人工选育中谱系记录,以及对于底播增殖效果的精准评估等均具有重要作用。采用金属挂片和塑料黏贴标签两种标记方法,比较了标记后皱纹盘鲍生理、生长存活、标记脱落率及被敌害捕食死亡等方面的差异。研究结果表明,与塑料黏贴标签标记和无标记对照相比,金属挂片标记对皱纹盘鲍标记早期生理包括出现黏液时间、心率变化等产生显著影响,对小规格皱纹盘鲍(壳长<3 cm)造成生长下降、死亡率高等影响,而对大规格皱纹盘鲍(壳长>3 cm)标记生成60 d后长时期的生长、存活以及逃避敌害均无显著影响;塑料黏贴标签标记方法与无标记对照组相比,均未对皱纹盘鲍造成显著影响。验证了皱纹盘鲍个体水平下两种标记方法的有效性及适用性,特别是对大规格苗种标记后生长、存活等性状无显著影响。研究结果将为皱纹盘鲍人工选育以及底播增养殖等工作提供有益指导。 相似文献
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皱纹盘鲍是我国重要的渔业资源,其地理群体也是我国重要的鲍种质资源来源。不同地理群体间形态及相对生长的差异对皱纹盘鲍资源管理和种质资源鉴定等提供重要参考。以我国自然海区采集的7个皱纹盘鲍群体作为研究材料,通过测定9个形态测量指标并定义了这些测量指标间的17个比率变量,分析了群体内和群体间贝壳形态和体重相对生长的变异。除个别变量外,协方差分析揭示形态比率变量在群体间存在显著变异;异速生长研究揭示了壳形态特征与皱纹盘鲍群体中异速生长差异之间的高度线性相关性,异速生长程度呈现一定的群体区别。非度量多维尺度分析(NMDS)和马氏距离聚类分析(CLUSTER)将皱纹盘鲍群体分为2个组,线性判别分析(LDA)与NMDS和CLUSTER结果相符,然而LDA未能较好的将各种群样本分类。研究结果初步表明皱纹盘鲍表现出与我国沿海环境和/或生态条件差异相关的表型可塑性,然而这种表型差异也可能受到人工底播苗种的遗传影响。研究结果将对于皱纹盘鲍渔业资源管理如管理单位的界定,以及为今后全面评价皱纹盘鲍不同地理群体的遗传变异等提供参考。 相似文献
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YAN Zhenguang MENG Wei LIU Zhengtao YANG Suwen LIU Xiaojun SUN Juan XIE Liping ZHANG Rongqing 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(1):87-93
The inner shell surface is the biomineralization site in shell formation and an inner-shell film covers it.This surface is composed of two regions:an outer calcitic region and an inner aragonitic region.In this study,some amalgamated calcite crystals were found in the calcitic region and some aragonitic "imprints" were found in the central part of the aragonitic region.The "imprints" are probably the trace of mantle cells that adhered to the inner shell surface when the shell was produced.Furthermore,to build a novel in vitro biomineralization system,the inner-shell film was detached from the shell and introduced to the calcitic crystallization solution.Crystallization experiments showed that nacre proteins could induce aragonite crystals in the novel system but inhibited calcite growth in the absence of the inner-shell film.These data suggested that the inner-shell film may induce aragonite growth in vivo by combining nacre proteins. 相似文献
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The transformation of depositional lime mud to microporous micrite has been the subject of several important papers recently in response to the recognition that micropores are important to the production of carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. The origin of micrite has generally been described as a micro dissolution and reprecipitation process (often referred to as Ostwald ripening), with nanometer-sized depositional particles being dissolved and larger crystals (micrite) averaging 2 μm in diameter being precipitated. These conclusions were tested by detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of micrite and minimicrite crystals found in the mid-Pliocene to upper Miocene section of the Clino core taken on the western edge of the Bahama Bank. Minimicrite in this data set is shown to be composed of both aragonite and calcite with calcite being the dominate mineral. In addition, micrite crystals are composed of cemented nanometer-sized calcite crystals and are not individually precipitated calcite crystals. As a result, the faces of the micrite are anhedral and knobby in appearance rather than being smooth, euhedral crystal faces. Extensive size measurements could find no size selectivity in the dissolution of the calcite minimicrite, indicating that the Ostwald ripening process is not active. Aragonite and calcite crystals are dissolved and some calcite crystals act as nuclei for the precipitation of the dissolved carbonate. The origin of the micropores is also debated. Some authors call upon a dissolution event to increase porosity of a partially cemented micrite, based largely on the anhedral nature of the micrite. Others conclude that porosity is originally inherited from the deposition lime mud and that porosity is lost by overgrowth cementation, which results in euhedral micrite crystals. The observations presented here show that anhedral crystals are due to the inclusion of nanometer calcite crystals rather than to dissolution of euhedral crystals. Lastly, these micrite crystals are formed by calcite and aragonite sediment precipitated from an aragonitic sea, disproving the assertion of some authors that porous micrite only forms from sediments deposited in calcitic seas. 相似文献
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国内外贝类学界都认为贝壳角质层仅由贝壳素构成.棱柱层由方解石构成.珍珠层通常为霰石构成.日本的小林新二郎提出棱柱珍珠是方解石结构,国内外许多论文对此都没有提出异议.本研究采用X-射线对贝壳和棱柱珍珠衍射结果证明:(1)贝壳珍珠层全是是霰石结构,只有牡蛎(Ostrea rivularis)壳例外,符合以上理论;(2)棱柱层几乎全是霰石结构,只有牡蛎壳和紫色裂江珧(Pinna atropurpurea)壳的棱柱层是方解石结构,基本否定了以上理论;(3)角质层由有机物—贝壳素和方解石或霰石组成的,有些还含二氧化硅等杂质,这不完全相符上面理论;(4)棱柱珍珠完全是霰石结构,证明小林新二郎的结论是错误的. 相似文献
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The shells of the chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) are studied by X-ray structure analysis (XRD) and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The shell structure is examined in a nanometer scale using XRD and synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The mineral composition of shells includes 98–99 wt % aragonite, ~1 wt % organic substance (conchiolin), 1 wt % strontianite, and 0.5 wt % calcite. Trace elements comprise Na, Mg, Al, K, Si, Fe, P, S, Zn, Sr, Ba, and Cl. The laminated layers are composed of aragonite crystals with a width of 5–10 μm and a thickness of 0.5–1 μm; the prismatic layers, with a length of 7–12 μm long and a width of 1–3 μm. According to XRD and SAXS assays, the aragonite layers are formed of flawless monocrystals lacking any internal structuring. The shell conchiolin is a polymer formed of a system of parallel fibers folded with a step of approximately 100 nm without longitudinal structuring. Presumably, the unique structure of the nautilus shells has determined the existence of Nautiloidea over 500 Ma and their preservation as fossils for over 100 Ma. 相似文献
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国际大洋发现计划(International Ocean Discovery Program, IODP)349航次在南海东部次海盆和西南次海盆残留扩张脊附近的U1431和U1433站位首次钻取基底玄武岩, 通过对16块基底玄武岩内的碳酸盐岩脉薄片镜下观察以及激光拉曼光谱分析, 揭示碳酸盐矿物为方解石和文石, 为典型的洋壳低温热液蚀变次生矿物。U1431站位碳酸盐岩脉为独立的方解石脉、文石脉交替出现; 而U1433站位则存在方解石脉、文石脉和方解石-文石共生脉三种情况。此外, U1431站位在基底~42.1m处出现了平行的方解石脉和文石脉, 揭示U1431存在不同来源热液的多期活动, 即可能存在多次或多阶段不同的热液注入。U1431和U1433站位的碳酸岩脉中, 文石的矿物集合体形状基本一致, 呈块状、纤维状和放射纤维状; 而方解石存在差异, U1431的方解石以斑块状、块状、粒状和纤维状出现, 而U1433的方解石仅出现块状。U1431站位的碳酸盐岩脉的丰度明显高于U1433站位。这些均揭示U1431站位的低温热液活动强, 而U1433站位则相对弱。两个站位的热液活动不同很可能是由于区域地质环境的差异造成——U1431附近的巨大海山为其提供了热液补给, 而U1433远离热液的补给/渗漏点。 相似文献
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《Marine Chemistry》1986,18(1):35-48
Some coral aragonites transform easily to calcite in aquatic environments. The behaviour of magnesium and strontium in the coral aragonite-to-calcite transformation process was examined through laboratory experiments and field observations; the coral aragonite samples came from Okinawa and Kagoshima prefectures. When powdered coral aragonite is suspended in aqueous solution, hydrophobic and hydrophilic suspensions are observed. The transformation rate of hydrophilic aragonite is higher than that of hydrophobic. The release of strontium from hydrophilic aragonite into solution is very active; it increases with increasing transformation of aragonite to calcite. Magnesium is dissolved very rapidly into solution. The strontium content of calcite transformed from coral aragonite is 1500 ppm or more. These experimental results are supported by the analytical results of natural coral samples collected from Okinawa islands and Kagoshima prefecture, which suggests that the transformation from aragonite to calcite does not occur through the complete dissolution of aragonite and the complete recrystallization of calcite in aqueous solutions. 相似文献
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对日本海西部大陆坡沉积物柱状样中的自生碳酸盐样品进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜、地球化学和碳氧同位素组成的系统研究。X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果表明,碳酸盐主要组成矿物为颗粒状自生高镁方解石微晶,放射状自生文石微晶仅在一个层位出现。结合碳酸盐的地球化学组成,认为研究区碳酸盐来自于富Ca2+、Mg2+和HCO3-流体的沉淀。中度亏损的13C(-33.85‰～-39.53‰)表明碳来自于甲烷的厌氧氧化,同时,这也是研究区海底存在甲烷冷泉的重要证据。重氧同位素比值(5.28‰～5.31‰)则指示着富18O流体来源,而该流体应源于天然气水合物的分解。综上可知,研究区碳酸盐来自于研究区甲烷冷泉上升流的沉淀,指示着海底更深处天然气水合物的存在与分解。 相似文献
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The shells ofMytilus edulis in the Tay estuary, Scotland, show mean aragonite contents of 55%, but in one zone the average aragonite proportion is only
45%. Comparison with data forMytilus edulis from other regions indicates the temperature and salinity are not the only significant determinants of the aragonite/calcite
ratio. Elimination of other variables suggests that sewage discharges may influence the mineralogy of the shell secreted byMytilus edulis in the relatively nutrient-enriched areas. 相似文献