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1.
曾康 《沉积与特提斯地质》1998,18(6):61-68
北阿尔卑斯中部前陆盆地中,布尔迪加尔期上部海相磨拉石群地震和钻孔资料的沉积学解释可以对浅海体系结构进行细致的重建。根据地震相可以分为滨前／前滨、近滨和远滨沉积体系。地震测线上的地震相填图显示有两套进积层序（卢塞恩组和圣加伦组）,其间为不整合界线。沉降分析表明,上部海相磨拉石群的演化主要由构造沉降和沉积物供给来控制。卢塞恩组和圣加伦组远端超覆以及浅海环境的建立是由远端沉降速率加大并伴有沉积物供给速率加大引起的。可见,卢塞恩组和圣加伦组层序界线的形成和圣加伦组末期海退是由盆地远端的抬升而控制的。上部海相磨拉石群的沉降和沉积物通量分析对认识阿尔卑斯北部构造和侵蚀历史有重要作用,由阿勒地块的底侵作用和瑞士推覆体的逆冲作用引起的阿尔卑斯北部末端外序列层序加厚可解释为受盆地远端抬升和层序边界形成所控制。下部陆相磨拉石群逆冲席状体俯冲到磨拉石沉积之下,并伴随着阿尔卑斯北部侵蚀的加强,引起了造山带楔状体前端内序列地壳加厚,从而导致主要造山带负载位置向北迁移,引起磨拉石盆地沉积物供给增加。这些作用受盆地沉积中心向远端迁移以及卢塞恩组和圣加伦组远端超覆所控制。 相似文献
2.
大别山陆内造山带形成于早侏罗世晚期至早白恶世（J^31-K1），并具有分期演化特征。在构造演化序列上，可分出造山前期（J^21-J2）和造山主期（J3-K1）2个阶段。构造变形方面，基本构造格局为一大型逆冲推覆系统组成的构造楔形体，呈后展式扩展，造成的地壳短缩量可达46.8%，动力变质作用以高压动力变质为特征，发育高压动力变质岩（榴辉岩、蓝片岩和高压麻粒岩），形成于构造应力集中的主干逆掩断层上盘。岩浆岩属钙碱性岩石系列，中酸性岩石组合，其中岩石类型，稀土元素配分型式等所反映的构造运动强度均具有一定的特点。在陆内造山带形成过程中伴生了3期同造山磨拉石，朱集期磨拉石（J2z），段集期磨拉石（J3d）和下符桥期磨拉石（K2x），它们反映了不同造山时期构造运动强度的差异。 相似文献
3.
造山带研究中有关复理石和磨拉石的几个问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在造山带研究中,碰撞方式和时限的争议是全球造山带研究中的一个共同现状或面临的难题。利用复理石和磨拉石时代来限定碰撞时限是造山带研究的一项重要内容。本文首先综述了复理石和磨拉石从提出到广泛应用以及不同历史时期被赋予的构造含义;其次,根据其可能发育的构造环境,指出复理石和磨拉石纪录造山带的相关信息及其演变过程。被动陆缘复理石可能纪录了参与碰撞拼贴块体的亲缘性,而且被动陆缘、活动陆缘或者岛弧环境的复理石均形成于碰撞作用之前,因此最年轻的复理石时代可提供碰撞时间的下限;(周缘)前陆盆地的磨拉石形成于碰撞造山作用过程中,因此其最早的磨拉石沉积时代可用于限定碰撞时间的上限。从复理石到磨拉石地层的渐变过程(连续沉积)指示了碰撞构造事件的发生、以及之后的碰撞造山作用是均变过程,会发育不同尺度规模的不整合。因此,造山带中的不整合未必代表有重大构造事件的发生,而连续沉积并不表明没有大的构造事件。 相似文献
4.
奥地利东阿尔卑斯山地区Austroalpine杂砂岩带中的石炭纪Veitsch逆冲推覆体是"Veitsch型"晶质菱镁矿化的典型地区。几十年来,对其成因的解释一直是人们争论的焦点。为了解决这一长久以来的问题,本文对Veitsch推覆体的地质学、矿物学和地球化学制约条件进行了论述。菱镁矿仅仅存在于Veitsch推覆体之中,而其它推覆体中的碳酸盐岩岩层中则无菱镁矿。赋存于Veitsch推覆体中的碳酸盐岩石中的菱镁矿以不规则的岩株状、透镜状和层状产出。块状和厚层状的菱镁矿总是被白云岩包裹。在Veitsch推覆体中,沉积作用开始于晚维宪期的后造山的类磨拉石海相建造,并晚于内部基底带的变形和变质作用("Bretonic期")形成,该基底带位于现代的东阿尔卑斯山地区。沉积序列研究表明,演化从浅海大陆架开始,有时还穿插有高盐度的泻湖和透镜状生物礁,发展到海退的海岸线伴随有发育强烈的三角洲沉积的分支海湾和河流。由于成矿作用有好几个期次,所以对地球化学数据的解释相当复杂。 在Hohentauern／Sunk矿床中,石膏和硬石膏层在菱镁矿质沉积主岩中互层,其δ34S值分别为 17.6±0.2‰和 17.2±0.2‰,表现出石炭纪海水的特征。白云岩和菱镁矿的REE浓度要高于石灰质主岩。在Hohentauern／Sunk矿床中,球形白云岩中的白云岩球体和白云质基质 相似文献
5.
内蒙古中部石拐侏罗纪陆相含煤盆地构造变形 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对华北陆块北缘大青山推覆构造前缘石拐侏罗纪陆相含煤盆地的构造进行了分析。结果表明:早侏罗世早期,石拐盆地受NNE-SSW方向的拉张作用力,形成近东西走向的断陷盆地,而后沉积了早-中侏罗世五当沟组含煤沉积;中侏罗世末受近东西向挤压,在早先沉积地层中形成一套共轭节理;晚侏罗世受大青山推覆构造影响,盆地内侏罗系形成一系列代表推覆构造体系前缘带的紧闭同斜-直立宽缓褶皱及断层相关断层,具明显构造分带性。早侏罗世早期的拉张可能是印支造山后地壳的伸展垮塌,而晚侏罗世的挤压可能是板缘碰撞的板内响应。 相似文献
6.
7.
大别山北部的变质复理石推覆体 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
大别山北部的变质复理石推覆体属华北大陆板块南部的盖层推覆体,主要包括佛子岭群和卢镇关联。其时代主要为震旦纪－早古生代至泥盆纪。变质作用主要为觚闪岩相－绿片岩相,在靠近变质蛇绿混杂岩带附近的部分（佛子岭群）可能普经因卷入变质蛇绿混杂岩带而有过麻粒岩相或榴辉岩相（？）变质作用。变质复理石推覆体中岩石变形强烈,但不同地质变形程度秒等。 相似文献
8.
秦岭南缘大巴山褶皱－冲断推覆构造的特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
秦岭造山带南缘的大巴山巨型逆冲推覆构造主要是在秦岭造山带板块俯冲碰撞造山与中、新生代以来陆内造山过程中长期复合作用形成的。详细的室内外构造研究表明,巴山逆冲推覆构造可以巴山弧形断裂带为界划分为北大巴山逆冲推覆构造和南大巴山逆冲推覆构造。北大巴山自北而南依次由安康－武当推覆体、紫阳－平利推覆体、高桥－镇坪推覆体和高滩推覆体逆冲叠置而成。南大巴山则以镇巴－阳日断裂为界,分为北部的前陆冲断褶皱带和南部的前陆褶皱带。北大巴山主要是印支期碰撞造山作用和燕山期陆内逆冲推覆作用叠加改造的结果,南大巴山则主要是燕山期递进变形过程中的产物。构造变形北强南弱,北以冲断褶皱变形为特征,南以皱褶作用为主;北部褶皱紧闭复杂,向南渐变为宽缓的薄皮构造。逆冲作用在时序上具有由北向南扩展传递的特点。 相似文献
9.
南祁连南缘弧形逆冲推覆构造是一个具有双重叠置结构的推覆系统。原地系统主要为侏罗—白垩纪的含煤岩系和磨拉石建造,外来系统由元古界、古生界和三叠系组成。推覆体滑动的总体方向为ＳＳＷ,最大推移距离在１０ｋｍ以上。该推覆构造形成于燕山晚期,是在地幔底辟影响下盆地内产生伸展作用和特提斯地体碰撞过程中与板内应力复合作用的结果。 相似文献
10.
南昆仑造山带西段发育逆冲推覆构造、平行走滑构造、地垒一地堑构造和阿尔卑斯式褶皱、侏罗山式褶皱,前两类构造尚有韧性剪切带伴生;其构造组合在平面上具有内带一外带一前陆带明显的分带性,且形成了逆冲推覆构造一平行走滑构造一地垒一地堑构造的构造序列。 相似文献
11.
Basement lithostratigraphy of the Adula nappe: implications for Palaeozoic evolution and Alpine kinematics 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mattia Cavargna-Sani Jean-Luc Epard François Bussy Alex Ulianov 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(1):61-82
The Adula nappe belongs to the Lower Penninic domain of the Central Swiss Alps. It consists mostly of pre-Triassic basement lithologies occurring as strongly folded and sheared gneisses of various types with mafic boudins. We propose a new lithostratigraphy for the northern Adula nappe basement that is supported by detailed field investigations, U–Pb zircon geochronology, and whole-rock geochemistry. The following units have been identified: Cambrian clastic metasediments with abundant carbonate lenses and minor bimodal magmatism (Salahorn Formation); Ordovician metapelites associated with amphibolite boudins with abundant eclogite relicts representing oceanic metabasalts (Trescolmen Formation); Ordovician peraluminous metagranites of calc-alkaline affinity ascribed to subduction-related magmatism (Garenstock Augengneiss); Ordovician metamorphic volcanic–sedimentary deposits (Heinisch Stafel Formation); Early Permian post-collisional granites recording only Alpine orogenic events (Zervreila orthogneiss). All basement lithologies except the Permian granites record a Variscan + Alpine polyorogenic metamorphic history. They document a complex Paleozoic geotectonic evolution consistent with the broader picture given by the pre-Mesozoic basement framework in the Alps. The internal consistency of the Adula basement lithologies and the stratigraphic coherence of the overlying Triassic sediments suggest that most tectonic contacts within the Adula nappe are pre-Alpine in age. Consequently, mélange models for the Tertiary emplacement of the Adula nappe are not consistent and must be rejected. The present-day structural complexity of the Adula nappe is the result of the intense Alpine ductile deformation of a pre-structured entity. 相似文献
12.
13.
A palynology and organic matter study has been carried out on samples of the Upper Triassic Raibl beds from an Upper Austroalpine
thrust sheet, preserved in the area of the Iberg Klippen (Laucherenst?ckli). The palynological assemblages indicate an early
Carnian (Julian) age. Comparison with well calibrated successions from the Southern Alps suggests a correlation with the Late
Julian ammonoid zone Austrotrachyceras austriacum.
The lithofacies of the studied sections suggests a substantial similarity to Raibl beds of the Upper Austroalpine of the Northern
Calcareous Alps and those of the Silvretta- and the S-charl nappe of the Grisons. The minute Upper Austroalpine thrust sheet
represents the westward extension of series with similar facies, which are still preserved in the Northern Calcareous Alps
of Liechtenstein and western Austria (Vorarlberg).
According to the Thermal Alteration Scale (TAS) of Batten (1996) the observed medium brown colors of the pollen grains correspond
to a value of 4/5, which is equivalent to vitrinite reflectance (VR) values of 0.7–0.9 %Ro. In comparison with other sites in Liechtenstein, Vorarlberg and the Upper Austroalpine of Central Grisons (Silvretta and
S-charl nappe) with measured VR values of > 2%Ro the organic matter of the studied samples shows only minor thermal alteration, indicating that the Upper Austroalpine thrust
sheets of Iberg represent the highest part of the nappe stack in Central Switzerland, formerly covered by a comparatively
thin overburden.
相似文献
14.
The Paleozoic of Graz is an isolated nappe complex of about 1,500 km2 size and belongs to the Austroalpine units of the eastern European Alps. Despite more than 500 publications on stratigraphy,
paleontology and local structure, many aspects of the internal geometry of this complex as a whole remained unclear. In this
contribution, we present integrated geological profiles through the entire nappe complex. Based on these profiles, we present
(1) a simplified lithological subdivision into 13 rock associations, (2) a modified tectonostratigraphy where we consider
only two major tectonic units: an upper and a lower nappe system and in which we abandon the traditionally used facies nappe
concept, and (3) a modified paleogeography for the whole complex. Finally, we discuss whether the internal deformation of
the Paleozoic of Graz is of Variscan or Eo-Alpine age and which of the published models best explain the tectonic evolution
of the Paleozoic of Graz. 相似文献
15.
The Teggiolo zone is the sedimentary cover of the Antigorio nappe, one of the lowest tectonic units of the Penninic Central
Alps. Detailed mapping, stratigraphic and structural analyses, and comparisons with less metamorphic series in several well-studied
domains of the Alps, provide a new stratigraphic interpretation. The Teggiolo zone is comprised of several sedimentary cycles,
separated by erosive surfaces and large stratigraphic gaps, which cover the time span from Triassic to Eocene. At Mid-Jurassic
times it appears as an uplifted, partially emergent block, marking the southern limit of the main Helvetic basin (the Limiting
South-Helvetic Rise LSHR). The main mass of the Teggiolo calcschists, whose base truncates the Triassic–Jurassic cycles and
can erode the Antigorio basement, consists of fine-grained clastic sediments analogous to the deep-water flyschoid deposits
of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age in the North-Penninic (or Valais s.l.) basins. Thus the Antigorio-Teggiolo domain occupies a crucial paleogeographic position, on the boundary between the Helvetic
and Penninic realms: from Triassic to Early Cretaceous its affinity is with the Helvetic; at the end of Cretaceous it is incorporated
into the North-Penninic basins. An unexpected result is the discovery of the important role played by complex formations of
wildflysch type at the top of the Teggiolo zone. They contain blocks of various sizes. According to their nature, three different
associations are distinguished that have specific vertical and lateral distributions. These blocks give clues to the existence
of territories that have disappeared from the present-day level of observation and impose constraints on the kinematics of
early folding and embryonic nappe emplacement. Tectonics produced several phases of superimposed folds and schistosities,
more in the metasediments than in the gneissic basement. Older deformations that predate the amplification of the frontal
hinge of the nappe generated the dominant schistosity and the km-wide Vanzèla isoclinal fold. 相似文献
16.
西藏甲玛-卡军果推-滑覆构造系特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过矿区填图和路线调查,结合室内研究,指出:①甲玛-卡军果推-滑覆构造系由印度-欧亚板块碰撞引发,具有递进变形、自盆地中心向边部推覆、新盖老等特点,强变形于50Ma±。②推覆体下盘为叶巴组构造岩系;推覆体由上侏罗统和下白垩统碳酸盐-碎屑沉积岩系构成,主体为轴面北倾的复式褶皱,自南而北分为前部带、中部带和后部带。滑覆构造系推覆形成的复背斜轴部高位岩块失稳向北滑覆形成,自南而北分为后部带、中部带和前部带。③导致矿区蚀变的主要岩浆活动发生于推覆强变形后的松弛期,上侵受近南北向基底断裂和推覆断裂联合控制,就位受控于前部带推-滑覆褶断系,其后发生多次构造-岩浆-成矿液叠加,造就甲玛铜多金属矿床。 相似文献
17.
福建推覆构造研究与找矿突破 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
阐述了福建推覆构造的研究成果,依据福建推覆构造的不同表现形式,划分为东部逆冲推覆构造带、中部逆冲褶皱推覆构造带、西部挤压推覆构造带。讨论了其构造特征形式,将推覆（滑脱）构造形式划分为二类五型及其控岩控矿的地质特征。总结了运用推覆构造研究成果在寻找隐伏煤矿及铁多金属矿的成功实例,提出了推覆构造理论对深部找矿指导作用和找矿方向。 相似文献
18.
The Paleozoic sequences of the Gurktal nappe (Eastern Alps) can be divided into two tectonic units by means their facies development: (1) The lower Murau nappe is characterized by low grade metamorphic black schists, calcareous phyllites of predominantly Silurian age (?) and some hundred meters of carbonates of predominantly Lower Devonian age. (2) The higher Stolzalpe nappe, metamorphosed very low to low grade, contains Ordovician to Lower Silurian volcanic formations. There can be recognized three facies during Upper Silurian to Lower Devonian times. The higher Devonian to Lower Carboniferous is dominated by more or less pelagic carbonates. After the facies distribution of Paleozoic rocks other parts of southern Austroalpine show a similar tectonic feature. The Stolzalpe nappe is related to the upper nappes of Austroalpine (i. e. Noric nappe system, northern parts of Paleozoic of Graz) and also western Carnics. The clastic and carbonate complexes of Murau nappe, Schöckel nappe s. 1. (Paleozoic of Graz) and Murides crystalline (middle Austroalpine) are developed very similar. Some features of Paleozoic fades distribution show a NE to SW trend crossing the alpidic structure. Because of conglomerates with crystalline components near the base is postulated a preUpper Ordovician basement complex for this realm. 相似文献
19.
High pressure-low temperature metamorphism in the Gran Paradiso basement, Western Alps 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. R. VEARNCOMBE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1983,1(2):103-115
The Gran Paradiso basement complex of the French and Italian Alps is composed of metasediments, termed the gneiss minuti, and metabasic rocks, both of which are intruded by a late Hercynian granite. The Bonneval gneiss, which crops out at the western edge of the complex, is composed of highly deformed metasediments, volcanics and volcaniclastic rocks. Eclogites, now highly altered, occur in the metabasic rocks. Kyanite and blue-green amphibole are locally present in the gneiss minuti and aegirine plus riebeckite occur in the Bonneval gneiss. A moderately high pressure - low temperature metamorphic event of probable Alpine age occurred in the basement complex. This metamorphic event differs from that in the overlying Sesia unit and ophiolites of the Schistes lustrés nappe in being at lower pressures (below the ab = jd100 + qz transition) and post-dating the major (D2A ) deformation. The origin of the metamorphism is discussed and interpreted as a probable consequence of the overlying nappe pile which was emplaced during the D2A event. Subsequent greenschist facies metamorphism in the basement complex is a consequence of thermal relaxation during uplift. 相似文献
20.
由于受地表沙漠和巨厚新生界覆盖,塔里木盆地西南部开展的基础地质调查较少,特别是对深部地质结构认识还比较模糊。笔者根据近年来在塔西南实测的高精度无人机航空磁测数据资料,对塔西南的地质构造、磁性基底隆坳格局、构造格架等较模糊的地质问题进行了深入研究。本文应用三维欧拉反褶积反演方法计算磁性基底深度显示,在伽师北部存在一近东西向的凹陷带,在磁性基底- 10 km等深线上前陆中部坳陷带自西向东展现出由喀什凹陷、英吉沙凸起等9个凹陷和凸起相间构成,凸起或凹陷受基底断裂控制,凹陷内存在多个局部洼陷中心具逆冲推覆断裂前缘局部洼陷构造规律。根据基底深度差异,提出前陆中部凹陷与麦盖提斜坡西段之间基底断裂构造边界认识,中新生界下伏的基性火山岩主要分布在岳普湖-色力布亚和叶城南部,其形成受近东西、北东向深断裂控制等地质认识。研究成果对塔西南深坳盆地的深部地质构造研究及深层油气调查具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献