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1.
Surface subsidence can cause many environmental problems and hazards (including loss of land area and damage to buildings), and such hazards are particularly serious in coal mining districts. Injecting grout into the bed separation in the overburden has been proposed as an effective control measure against surface subsidence during longwall mining. However, no field trials of this technique have been implemented in mines under villages in China, and thus, its ability to control subsidence in such areas has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, field trials using this technique were carried out during longwall mining under villages in the Liudian coal mine, China. The maximum surface subsidence observed after the extraction was only 0.298 m, which accounts for 10 % of the mining height and is 79 % less than the predicted subsidence. Moreover, no damage occurred to the village buildings either during or after extraction and these buildings remain stable. Thus, this study represents the first successful attempt to control surface subsidence under villages in China using grout injection during longwall mining.  相似文献   

2.
In China’s western coal mining area, the traditional room mining technology is facing coal pillar instability, mine earthquake, large-area roof subsidence in the goaf, surface subsidence, water and soil loss, vegetation deterioration, and other environmental problems. To solve the aforementioned problems and to improve coal recovery, the roadway backfill coal mining (RBCM) method was proposed as a solution and its technical principle and key equipment were presented in this paper. In addition, the microstructure and mechanical behavior (strain-stress relation in confined compressive test) of aeolian sand and loess backfill materials were studied for a rational backfill design for underground mines. Further, coal pillar stress, plastic zone change, and surface deformation of the RBCM schemes were studied using the FLAC3D numerical simulation software, and a reasonable mining scheme of “mining 7 m and leaving 3 m” was determined. The engineering application in Changxing Coal Mine shows that the RBCM method with loess and aeolian sand as backfill materials allows a stable recovery of coal pillars with a recovery ratio of more than 70 %. The maximum accumulated surface subsidence and the maximum horizontal deformation were measured to be 15 mm and 0.8 mm/m respectively, indicating that the targeted backfilling effect can help protect the environment and also control surface subsidence.  相似文献   

3.
With the increasing demand for coal resources, coal mining has gradually entered into the deep strata of coal seams. Although the increase in mining depth improves energy security, it is associated with severe hazards, especially coal and gas outburst. Protective seam mining is an efficient method for gas control and has been widely used in major coal-producing countries. However, studies on deep ultra-thin protective seam (thickness 0.1–1 m, average thickness 0.5 m) mining and its related problems have been rarely reported. Focusing on the challenges resulting from deep mining (mining depth >1100 m) and the research gap, a coal and gas co-exploitation technique, which combines the gas control technology and green mining (including coal preparation and backfilling), has been proposed in this work. Significant benefits have been achieved in the twelfth coal mine of the Pingdingshan coalfield (study area) following the implementation of this technique. The application of the gas control technology markedly improved the gas drainage efficiency, promoted increased gas utilization, and reduced the greenhouse gas emission, providing notable economic and environmental benefits. In addition, implementation of green mining improved the coal quality, relieved the burden of the transport system, and, in particular, effectively prevented surface subsidence, thus protecting the ecological environment of the mining area, which offered significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. The practice in the twelfth coal mine could be used as a valuable example for coal mines with similar geological conditions.  相似文献   

4.
The mining depth of main coal mines could reach around 600 m in eastern North China, and extends to the dept with speed of around 12 m/a. As the basement of eastern North China-type coal mine, the Ordovician karst aquifer is the main water source that influences the carboniferous coal seam mining. As the deep karst water has large buried depth and high water pressure (8–12 MPa), with10–30 m space between high pressure aquifer and coal seam, the geological area of deep coal occurrence is often forbidden for mining. Environmental damage, to a greater or lesser degree, is caused by coal mining. On the basis of analyzing the hydrogeological conditions of mining areas, this paper introduces the hydrogeological survey work of ultra-high confined karst water deep in the coal seam floor within researched region for preventing and controlling water disaster of the mine. After researching into the hydrogeological investigation data in the researched region, we explored the hydrodynamic and water chemical characteristics of deep karst water by using pumping test, dynamic observation, and dewatering test. Finally, this study suggests that the hydraulic pressure of deep mining could be mined, on the circumstances that reasonable and effective of water prevention measures are taken based on a detailed survey on water abundance of deep karst.  相似文献   

5.
Some villages and bridges are located on the ground surface of the working district no. 7 in the Wanglou Coal Mine. If longwall mining is adopted, the maximum deformation of the ground surface will exceed the safety value. Strip mining is employed for the working district no. 7 which is widely used to reduce surface subsidence and the consequent damage of buildings on the ground surface. To ensure the safety of coal pillars and improve the recovery coefficient, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation (FLAC 3D) were adopted to determine the coal pillar and mining widths and to discuss the coal pillar stress distribution and surface subsidence for different mining scenarios. The results revealed that the width of coal pillars should be larger than 162 m, and the optimized mining width varies from 150 to 260 m. As the coal seam is exploited, vertical stress is mainly applied on the coal pillar, inducing stress changes on its ribs. The coefficient of mining-induced stress varies from 2.02 to 2.62 for different mining scenarios. The maximum surface subsidence and horizontal movement increase as the mining width increases. However, when the mining width increases to a certain value, increasing the pillar width cannot significantly decrease the maximum subsidence. To ensure the surface subsidence less than 500 mm, the mining width should not be larger than 200 m. Considering the recovery coefficient and safety of the coal pillar, a pillar width of 165 m is suggested.  相似文献   

6.
Mining activities impact the nearby environment, causing the so-called mining hazards. The land subsidence phenomena caused by the dewatering of the mines are listed among the mining-induced catastrophic geohazards slowly affecting extensive areas around the opencasts. These large-scale geo-hazards are related to both hydrogeological and geotechnical factors, and they cause irreversible damages. The research presented aims to clarify all the components of the phenomenon and to establish the proper modelling procedure for the study of its mechanism. The site under investigation is the area extending at the west—northwest of the Amyntaio opencast coal mine at Florina Prefecture, Northern Greece. The overexploitation of the aquifers for the protection of the slopes turned the opencast to a large-diameter well, draining the surrounding area. The extensive land subsidence phenomena extend 3–4 km around the mine causing severe damages in two villages. The established results can be used for monitoring and predicting the impact of the particular mining hazard on the natural and human environment, without precluding further exploitation and mining of the energy resources.  相似文献   

7.
This study deals with the characteristics of subsidence and the relationships between the subsidence factors over abandoned coal mines in South Korea. The subsidence factors that were investigated were the dip angle and thickness of the coal bed, mining depth, depth of subsidence, and subsidence area in 548 cases of subsidence that occurred throughout the country. A close relationship between the type of subsidence and mining method was identified. There was an intimate relation between the depth of subsidence and the dip angle of the coal bed, while the subsidence area proved to be in proportion to the thickness of the coal bed and mining depth and was in inverse proportion to the dip angle of the coal bed.  相似文献   

8.
Mining in areas with a high phreatic water surface leads to groundwater exposure and the accumulation of the water in the subsidence basin. The calculation of the volume of water is of high importance. This paper analyzes the seasonal or perennial ponding caused by mining in areas with high phreatic water surfaces. With the help of digital elevation model, the estimated groundwater elevation, and the basis of a mining subsidence prediction model, a model of ponding in subsidence areas has been established. Using this model, the amount of mining subsidence ponding in northern Jining has been calculated. Furthermore, the evolution of ponding has been forecasted. Our experimental results indicate that the average depth of the ponding area is projected to be about 3 m after mine closure. The volume of the new perennial ponding is 0.2–2 million m3 per year and it is negligible to the river confluence in Jining. This model helps in the calculation of the amount of water in the subsidence area and the evaluation of the impact of mining subsidence area on the catchment, which would provide a certain basis for the reclamation and protection of water resources in the locality.  相似文献   

9.
《Engineering Geology》2001,59(1-2):103-114
Amaga, Angelopolis, Venecia and Bolombolo are small towns located in Antioquia, in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. Mining has been practised in this region for a period of at least 100 years. This mining has mainly been small-scale, poorly mechanised and restricted to shallow room and pillar workings. Recently, the semi-mechanisation of some mines has enabled coal to be extracted using longwall mining methods. However, this has resulted in subsidence that has caused severe damage to structures, residential property, and agricultural land, and also induced landslides. In the British Isles, there are several reliable methods that can be used to predict the likelihood and magnitude of mining subsidence. The British Coal Corporation and the University of Nottingham have developed one such method, the “Subsidence With Influence Function Technique (SWIFT).” Based on mining subsidence observations undertaken in the coalfields of Britain over a period of approximately 50 years. The SWIFT program was used to predict the magnitude of subsidence, above a longwall panel, at the Industrial Hullera mine in Colombia. The results were then compared with subsidence profiles obtained from precise levelling and field monitoring. In each case, the SWIFT program overestimated the magnitude of mining subsidence by 0.17–0.20 m. However, the morphology of the subsidence profile, area-of-influence and location of maximum subsidence were similar. This overestimation of the predicted subsidence was attributed to the occurrence of strong, igneous rocks, such as rhyolite sills, in the Colombian coal measures. These strong, competent horizons act as cantilever beams during subsidence, causing bed separation and therefore reducing the magnitude of subsidence. In spite of these differences, mining subsidence can be predicted with a reasonable degree of accuracy and precision using the SWIFT technique, provided the software is calibrated and used in conjunction with local expertise.  相似文献   

10.
The present research makes an effort towards awareness of the impact of underground coal mining on water environment around the Barapukuria coal mining area, Dinajpur by direct field investigation, questionnaire survey and laboratory analysis. For this research, the three foremost errands have been mulled over which are the water level data analysis for 10 years from 2001 to 2011, ground water major parametric analysis and the questionnaire survey on the availability of ground water before and after coal mining operation. The results of field and laboratory analysis show that the characteristics and concentrations of all the major physical and chemical parameters such as pH, EC, Temperature, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, SO4 2?, Cl?, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Fe(total) are still tolerable for all purposes and also within the standard limit. On the other hand, the questionnaire survey and water level data analysis confirm almost similar results regarding the depletion of water level. The water level has depleted more than 5 m from 2001 to 2011. Therefore, currently the availability of ground water is normal in the rainy and winter seasons but is slight problematic in the dry season where ground water was available at all times prior to coal mining in the area. From these scenarios, it is comprehensible that the ground water level moves downwards than earlier because of the excess pumping of water from the mine area. Besides the natural recharge condition is not enough and somewhere breaks off while some of the mines out areas are subsided, consequently the upper part of the water bearing formations (aquifer) loses its porous and permeable properties resulting water recharging problem which is directly responsible for depleting the ground water level over the area. Moreover, the water levels will also decline relative to the location, depth, recharge, and discharge conditions of the mine both aerially and vertically while there is a typical relationship between the depth of mining and static water level which is water levels will decline more as the mine goes deeper. Therefore, taking into account the current ground water condition and the depth of Barapukuria coal mine, this research implied that the water level will deplete more in day coming and the water crisis will be more for future. Thus, this research recommends a sustainable guideline for long-term planning and also suggests that regular monitoring with time to time more detail qualitative and quantitative assessments of water bodies in the area.  相似文献   

11.
以淮南矿区远程卸压煤层气地面井抽采工程实践为依托,通过工程试验和系统分析,探讨了远程卸压煤层气地面井的产能特点及其影响因素。研究结果表明,远程卸压煤层气地面井的产能曲线可分为两个阶段,在较短时间内顺利完成第Ⅰ阶段的井才能有较高产能。研究还显示,煤层气地面井产能受地层结构和采动影响较大。在研究区,当地层结构为松散层厚度<406 m,基岩与松散层厚度比值>0.74,下保护层与被保护层间距为6670 m,且平均采高≤2.2 m,平均产煤低于3 898 t/d时,利于远程卸压煤层气地面井抽采;当松散层厚度>430 m,11-2煤和13-1煤层间距>74 m,基岩与松散层厚度比值<0.7时,卸压煤层气地面直井成功率较低,此时,可通过改变井位和优化井身结构来适应地层结构的变化,提高地面井抽采成功率。   相似文献   

12.
This paper investigates various multiseam mining related parameters using mine site specific data and numerical simulations. Two important mining effects—subsidence and stress—are analysed for different possible mining layouts. A geological mine dataset has been used to generate a numerical model. The predicted surface subsidence magnitude and surface profile have been compared under different scenarios to assess potential options in multiseam mining strategies. The effects that seam separation distances, mining offset, panel layout and panel orientation each have on surface subsidence and chain pillar stress magnitude have been investigated. The numerical simulation shows that ascending or descending mining directions have little impact on controlling the surface subsidence in multiseam mining and predicted an almost identical maximum stress development at the chain pillars. Numerical simulations infer that the orientation of the top panels control the subsidence profile.  相似文献   

13.
小型无人机遥感技术具有成本低、操作灵活便利等优点,在地质调查中的作用愈来愈重要。采煤地表沉陷量变形监测是掌控采煤地表岩移变形规律和治理塌陷的关键性工作。重点探索四旋翼无人机遥感技术监测在羊场湾煤矿Y120212工作面采煤沉陷量的监测研究,通过野外踏勘与控制点布设、无人机航线规划与执行、4D产品制作的工作程序和监测方法,探索无人机遥感技术监测在矿山地质塌陷监测的应用。研究结果表明,通过对无人机遥感技术生成的DSM处理,经过多期地面高程的对比,得到Y120212工作面最大沉陷量达6.5m。结合分析、对比,无人机遥感技术可以实现采煤塌陷区地表沉陷变形监测,进而形成和发展了煤矿地面塌陷新的监测技术。  相似文献   

14.
抚顺市是中国重要的采煤城市之一,100多年的煤矿开采已经使抚顺地区的地貌特征发生了重大变化。由于长期的露天开采,抚顺西露天矿形成了一个海拔约为-300m的深坑;煤矿的地下开采造成了大面积的地表沉陷;与此同时,煤矸石的露天堆积形成了3个排土场。本研究利用多时相的美国Landsat MSS（Multispectral Scanner）,TM（Thematic Mapper）,ETM+（Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus）,以及日本ASTER（Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer）卫星遥感数据分析过去近30年来抚顺地区煤矿开采所引起的地貌变化。多时相卫星遥感图像的对比分析显示,由于地面沉陷引起的地表积水面积在近5年（2001～2006年）内出现明显增大的趋势,增加了1.73km。同期的ASTER DEM数据对比分析还发现,西露天矿的开采深度在不断增加,最大增加量为55m,与此同时出现的新增排土场造成地面高程增加量最大为25m。这一研究表明利用遥感技术可以定量监测人类矿产开发活动所引起的地貌特征变化及其过程。  相似文献   

15.
地下水的存在可以改变岩体的力学性质及覆岩应力状态,从而加剧由地下采煤诱发的地表变形、塌陷、地裂缝及水资源流失等采动损害现象;在采动损害过程中产生的覆岩中隔水层破断,又反过来改变地下水系统,引起井下突水事故和地面环境恶化。两者相互影响、相互制约,形成有利于采动损害发生、发展的互馈效应。在研究采动损害时,地下水是一个不可忽略的重要因素。   相似文献   

16.
Mining subsidence and its effect on the environment: some differing examples   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  
 The impact of mining subsidence on the environment can occasionally be very catastrophic, destroying property and even leading to the loss of life. Usually, however, such subsidence gives rise to varying degrees of structural damage that can range from slight to very severe. Different types of mineral deposits have been mined in different ways and this determines the nature of the associated subsidence. Some mining methods result in contemporaneous subsidence whereas, with others, subsidence may occur long after the mine workings have been abandoned. In the latter instance, it is more or less impossible to predict the effects or timing of subsidence. A number of different mineral deposits have been chosen to illustrate the different types of associated subsidence that result and the problems that arise. The examples provided are gold mining in the Johannesburg area; bord and pillar mining of coal in the Witbank Coalfield, South Africa; longwall mining of coal in the Ruhr district; mining of chalk and limestone in Suffolk and the West Midlands, respectively; and solution mining of salt in Cheshire. These mineral deposits have often been worked for more than 100 years and, therefore, a major problem results from abandoned mines, especially those at shallow depth, the presence of which is unrecorded. Abandoned mines at shallow depth can represent a serious problem in areas that are being developed or redeveloped. Abstraction of natural brine has given rise to subsidence with its own particular problems and cannot be predicted. Although such abstraction is now inconsequential in Cheshire, dereliction associated with past subsidence still remains. Received: 21 October 1999 · Accepted: 14 February 2000  相似文献   

17.
Water inrush from a karst aquifer threatens mine safety in North China because of the special hydrogeological conditions. This paper systematically analyzes the regional hydrogeological conditions of the Cambrian–Ordovician limestone karst aquifer in the Yuxian Basin. Conceptual and mathematical models of karst water flow system are established, and the karst water flow system is simulated by the finite-difference method. The numerical model is checked using hydraulic head from karst water observation holes, and the sensitivity of hydrogeological parameters is analyzed. Further, the risk of water inrush from the karst aquifer underlying the coal seam in the second mining area of the Beiyangzhuang Mine in the basin is evaluated by the water inrush coefficient method. Based on the critical hydraulic head for mining safety, the rate of mine dewatering is simulated for the three stages of the mining plan with the numerical model. The results show that the risk of water inrush in the second mining area is high. The rate of dewatering in the three stages without grouting is 1300, 1860, and 2050 m3/h, respectively, and with local grouting is 1020, 1550, and 1700 m3/h, respectively. Dewatering combined with grouting not only ensures coal mine safety, but also significantly reduces the rate of dewatering. The prediction method of mine dewatering has practical significance in engineering applications.  相似文献   

18.
Information on subsidence in a water area caused by mining has a great value on the research of the mining subsidence law of a mining area with a high groundwater level in Eastern China. Based on the measured data of the subsidence area without water, the data extraction of subsidence in a water area is studied in this paper, with a support vector machine, as subsidence in such an area is difficult to measure. Research shows that the training sample number and dimension should be strengthened by increasing the measuring times or using the interpolation method to obtain ideal prediction accuracy. The ε-Support Vector Regression model with three parameters optimized by the genetic algorithm or the particle swarm optimization algorithm is suitable to extract subsidence information in a water area caused by mining, and the algorithm is accomplished on Matlab. Data analysis showed that when the water is deeper than 1.8 m and the distance is over 60 m from the measured points, the prediction error of test samples will exceed 10 % out of all measured results, meaning that practicability is relatively poor; while water depth is <0.8 m or the distance is lower than 60 m from the measured points, the prediction error of test samples will be calculated to <5 % of the measured results, the prediction results can be used.  相似文献   

19.
In this paper, based on the field test of No.S3012 working face of Shan Mushu Coal Mine in Sichuan Coal Group, monitoring the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow during the mining process, studying the change law of the abutment pressure and gas drainage flow of the coal seam, and using the numerical simulation method research on the evolution of abutment pressure and displacement of coal seam during the mining process. The results shown that: with the advance of coal mining face, the abutment pressure of coal seam can be divided into stress decreasing area, stress increasing area and original stress area, and the stress state of coal seam and the pore, crack structure and permeability of coal body are obviously changed. With the advance of the mining face, the abutment pressure in front and back of the coal mining face is the moving abutment pressure, and the coal mining face to be in the pressure relief area, the front abutment pressure peak value deep into the coal body 5–10 m, the influence scope reaches the front coal mining face to 90–100 m, this area is the stress increasing area. And the evolution law of the roof displacement of goaf is similar to the elliptical with the axial ratio changes, when the ratio is close to 1, the roof subsidence affected area is similar to the shape of “O”.  相似文献   

20.
太原西峪煤矿9号煤层带压开采危安区的划分   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  
西峪煤矿位于太原西山岩水系统的晋祠岩溶水亚系统内的非主径流带上，由于本矿区9号煤层除最南端有小部分9号煤层底板高于水头外，其余全部处于水头之下，因此，奥陶系灰岩水已严重地威胁着9号煤层的安全开采，特别是在底板隔水岩柱薄弱地带或断裂陷落柱构造破碎带，已存在着岩溶水突破隔水岩柱溃入矿坑的危险性，本文着重研究并划分了矿区9号煤层带压开采的安全区与危险区，目的是为煤矿带压开采提矿坑的危险性，本文着重研究并划分了矿区的9号煤层带压开采的安全区与危险区，目的是为煤矿带压开采提供宝贵的资料。  相似文献   

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