共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 531 毫秒
1.
西藏山地淋溶土系列与大骨节病分布的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过西藏大骨节病县与非病县棕壤与暗棕壤各土属、土种的分布面积的对比分析对西藏耕型棕壤和暗棕壤分布与西藏大骨节病区分布的关系进行研究.结果表明,西藏大骨节病的分布与棕壤、暗棕壤为主的耕型淋溶土壤的分布有一定的联系,但土壤母质和发育程度不同,对大骨节病的分布影响不同.对于残坡积土壤,病区趋于分布在泥质土壤环境,而麻砂质土壤基本是大骨节病的非病区.同样的母质环境,大骨节病区趋于分布在土壤厚度较小,发育程度较低的地区;就洪积土壤来说,其与大骨节病分布的关系似乎与土壤质地有一定的联系,底部砾石含量高的土壤多集中在大骨节病地区.总体而言,山地棕壤、暗棕壤环境是西藏大骨节病区的主要土壤类型之一,西藏未开发的自然棕壤和暗棕壤环境将是大骨节病潜在危险区,因此系统研究西藏典型大骨节病区的土壤分异对探讨未来西藏大骨节病的分布与流行有重要意义. 相似文献
2.
三江平原典型湿地土壤温度变化及其影响因子分析 总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19
本文采取了类比和模型模拟的方法对三江平原三种典型的湿地土壤(腐殖质沼泽土,泥炭沼泽土和沼泽化草甸白浆土)温度变化规律及其影响因素进行研究。描述了三种湿地土壤剖面分层的基本特征,分析了不同类型的湿地土壤温度的垂直变化、不同月份的土壤温度变化、土壤温度的季节动态以及引起其间差异的主要环境因子,采用数学方法对不同类型的湿地土壤的平均温度和土壤剖面各层次的温度与气温进行了回归分析。对这三种典型的湿地土壤温度季节动态进行了模型模拟,获得了较为理想的模拟效果,R2均在0.85以上。模拟模型可有助于对这三种典型的湿地土壤其土壤温度在植物生长季内的变化进行动态预测。 相似文献
3.
Earth structures, such as roadways, embankments and slopes, and earth retaining walls, have been commonly used in cold regions for transportation and other applications. In addition to typical design c... 相似文献
4.
5.
我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的空间变化特征 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：18
主要根据全国第二次土壤普查的成果，对我国水平地带性土壤中有机质的含量和胡敏酸与富里酸比值的空间变化特征进行了概括，进而探讨了在不同自然和人因素影响下，土壤有机质的累积状况与稳定性特征。 相似文献
6.
G. A. Vorobyeva 《Geography and Natural Resources》2016,37(3):228-236
Presented are the results from pedolithological investigations and reconstructions of the naturalclimatic events in the Early Holocene (radiocarbon age 10.3?8 ka; calendar age 11.7?8.8 ka) on the coast of Middle Baikal, based on data obtained by studying the structure, composition and properties of subaerial deposits and soils in terrestrial sections. A study was made of the numerous soil profiles and sections of geoarchaeological sites. The investigation revealed common features in the layered structure of the Early-Holocene portion of the terrestrial sections and evidence of climate warming represented by buried soils, signals of a cooling in the form of cryogenic fissures, and signals of drying in the form of aeolian drifts and evidence of deflation. It is shown that the Early Holocene was the time of cardinal changes in the nature of subaerial sedimentation (calcareous deposits were replaced by noncalcareous deposits) and the pedogenesis. Considerable cold storage from inherited permafrost and humidification of soils and earth materials with moisture from the thawing of permafrost were responsible for the specific character of soil formation, and for the spread of forest vegetation under a rather low atmospheric humidity. The phases of climate warming were accompanied by an intensification of soil formation with the production of soils of two types: early boreal, and boreal. Deluvial, colluvial and sometimes (in Priol’khonie) aeolian deposits accumulated during the cooling phases (Late Preboreal and Late Boreal). Small cryogenic fissures were generated. The issues of man’s adaptation to the cardinally changed natural conditions at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene and over the course of the Early Holocene are associated with the problem of Baikal’s water level and human settlement on its shores. The Lake Baikal stage at the end of the Late Neopleistocene was lower than at present; during the Early Holocene it was rising to reach at the late-boreal period the present-day level (or even exceeded it). The rises of Baikal’s stage at the Mid- and Late-Holocene period were causing scouring and destruction of the Early-Holocene sites that were located at lower elevations. 相似文献
7.
This article provides an overview of several previous studies that investigated the stiffness and strength performance of chemically stabilized roadway materials under winter conditions (freeze-thaw cycling). The objective of this research was to understand the behavior of different materials stabilized with different type of binders when they were subjected to freeze-thaw cycling. Nine different materials including natural soils (organic soil, clay, silt, sand, and road surface gravel), reclaimed pavement material, and recycled asphalt pavement stabilized with nine different binders (five different fly ashes, lime, cement, lime kiln dust, cement kiln dust) were discussed. This article investigated how the volume, resilient modulus and unconfined compressive strength of soils/materials stabilized with different binders change in response to freeze-thaw cycling. Overall, the review results indicate that the stiffness and strength of all stabilized materials decrease somewhat with freeze-thaw cycling. However, the reduced strength and stiffness of stabilized materials after freeze-thaw cycling was still higher than that of unstabilized-unfrozen original soils and materials. In addition, materials stabilized with cement kiln dust provided the best performance against freeze-thaw cycling. 相似文献
8.
Understanding the temperature and moisture sensitivity of soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization variations with changes in land cover is critical for assessing soil carbon (C) storage under global change scenarios. We determined the differences in the amount of SOM mineralization and the temperature and moisture sensitivity of soils collected from six land-cover types, including an orchard, a cropland, and four forests, in subtropical southeastern China. The responses of SOM mineralization to temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C) and moisture (30%, 60%, and 90% of water-holding capacity [WHC]) were investigated by placing soil samples in incubators. Soil C mineralization rate and cumulative C mineralization were higher in orchard and cropland soils than in other forest soils. With increasing temperature, soil C mineralization rates and cumulative C mineralization increased with the rise of WHC. The temperature sensitivity of soil C mineralization was not affected by land-cover type and incubation moisture. All soil temperature treatments showed a similar response to moisture. Cropland soil was more responsive to soil moisture than other soils. Our findings indicate that cropland and orchard soils have a higher ability to emit CO2 than forest soils in subtropical southeastern China. 相似文献
9.
我国东部土壤有机碳的密度及转化的控制因素 总被引：43，自引：4，他引：43
根据第二次土壤普查资料，计算了我国东部土壤的有机密度和储量，并通过田间和室内试验的结果，分析了影响农田土壤中有机碳转化的因素。结果表明，我国东北地区土壤有机碳密度变幅为2．5－73．3kg C/m^2，平均值为10．5kg C/m^2，而在东南热带亚热带地区，剖面土壤有机碳密度变幅为3．9－16．7kg C/m^2，平均值为9．52％kg C/m^2。随着木质素含量和土壤粘粒含量的增加，植物物质的分速率下降，而土壤温度，pH和游离碳酸钙含量的增加促进了 植物物质的分解；淹水的水田中植物物质的分解速率通常低于旱地；土壤性质和有机物组成对植物物质分解的影响可以掩盖气候条件的影响，而土壤游离碳酸钙可以掩盖土壤质地的影响。 相似文献
10.
京津冀接壤区土壤表土层中碳酸钙的分布规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对京津冀接壤区表层土壤进行网格化调查与采样,采用气量法测定样品碳酸钙含量,运用GIS软件进行Kriging插值,分析区域表土层中碳酸钙含量的空间分布特征,在与区域地貌类型、年均降水量、土壤类型进行空间叠加分析的基础上,揭示碳酸钙含量的分布规律及其成因.结果表明:研究区绝大部分表土层中碳酸钙含量在10～110 g/kg,其与气候相似的北美中东部区域土壤中碳酸钙含量相比明显偏高,将对土壤重金属产生一定的抑制作用;部分山地棕壤及淋溶褐土表土层中由于大气干沉降也存有极少量的碳酸钙.碳酸钙分布规律为:东南角子牙新河冲积平原上发育的滨海盐土、西北部怀来盆地及其山麓的石灰岩或风积黄土母质上发育的碳酸盐褐土和潮褐土中碳酸钙含量最多,北部燕山南麓区普通褐土和淋溶褐土、东南部永定河冲积平原上发育的潮土中碳酸钙含量次之,中部潮白河沉积平原上发育的潮土、西部太行山和东北部燕山中上部发育的山地棕壤和山地草甸土中碳酸钙含量最少.在3个相关因素中,地貌是控制表土层碳酸钙含量的主要因素. 相似文献
11.
We examine the types of icings (aufeis) in the river basins of Primorski Krai. An assessment is made of the conditions for their formation in autumn and winter and for their decay in the spring-summer time. Depending on the type of icings, we identified the character of their impact on the main components of landscape: relief, hydrological regime of streams, soil, vegetation, etc. The emphasis in this study is on the icing formations in the zone of seasonally frozen earth materials and, to a lesser extent, in areas of permafrost islands. 相似文献
12.
表生作用下稀土元素地球化学特征——以海南岛北部玄武岩分布区为例 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对海南岛北部玄武岩区岩石-土壤-植物-地下水系统中稀土元素迁移和分布模式的研究表明，随土壤的发育，REE出现分异，LREE逐渐富集；Ce由玄武岩中的负异常向土壤中正异常演化。地下水中REE的含量和分布模式主要受岩石风化和成土作用影响。植物虽对REE具有选择吸收作用，但REE的生物地球化学循环不活跃。 相似文献
13.
14.
Long-term data from meteorological stations have been used in assessing the thermal state of the soil layer in large depressions
of the Prebaikalia and Northern Transbaikalia. We examine the characteristics of temperature distribution in depth over an
annual cycle for seasonally frozen and permafrost soils. For the Baikalian type depressions we carried out a spatial differentiation
of the lowest and highest (having regard to the temperature lag) mean monthly soil temperatures. It is concluded that within
a single depression the thermal regime of the soil fluctuates over a very broad range. On the other hand, an identical situation
with the temperature regime can occur in different depressions. 相似文献
15.
河南省土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
我们在河南省117个县（市）内采集了913个土样，并对所有样品进行了可溶态稀土总量测定，对300个样品做了氧化稀土总量测定，对其中典型剖面做了单一稀土元素的测定。初步揭示了本省土元素分布规律与宏观环境的关系；初步摸清它们在地球化学过程中迁移、累积的变化动态。 相似文献
16.
Natural regeneration of abandoned farmland in several areas within the catchments of the Sydney Water Board has been very slow. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the fact that natural reforestation has not occurred, even after up to 50 years of abandonment. This study examines regeneration in relation to substrate, soil types and soil chemistry. The abandoned farmlands occur on four main soil types: (i) eutrophic krasnozem, now occupied mainly by bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) associated with young seedlings of Eucalyptus and Acacia; (ii) mesotro‐phic yellow earth, now occupied by blady grass (Imperata cylindrica), with few tree seedlings and scattered, dead Acacia trees; and (iii) mesotrophic alluvial soil, and (iv) oligotrophic lithosol, which both support stands of Acacia. The soil properties of the krasnozem and the yellow earth appear to be suitable for tree establishment and growth, and do not differ from similar soils in nearby areas currently under cultivation or supporting undisturbed forest. Poor forest establishment in these soils might be the result of frequent fires and biotic factors such as competition from the bracken and blady grass sward. The lack of eucalypt reforestation of the poorer soils might be explained by their poorer fertility, perhaps tolerated better by the Acacia species. 相似文献
17.
洞庭湖周边地区第四纪红土粒度特征及环境意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
第四纪风成红土广泛分布于中国南方,与北方的黄土同为反映第四纪古环境的重要载体。基于洞庭湖周边地区10 处剖面122 个红土样品的粒度分析,对该区红土沉积特征及其反映的环境意义进行探讨。结果显示：①样品均以粉砂（4~63 μm）为优势粒级,其次为粘粒（<4 μm）,砂含量很少,并富集“风尘基本粒级”（10~50 μm）,含量达33.23%~42.23%,粒度特征与典型的黄土、下蜀黄土、加积型红土样品相似,显著不同于湘潭洪冲积红土,也区别于本区砂岩风化壳红土,表明洞庭湖西、南、东缘丘陵岗地存在风成堆积成因的中亚热带风成加积型红土。② 黄棕色土、网纹黄棕色土、均质红土、网纹红土等4 类样品的粘粒含量由高到低的排序是网纹红土 >均质红土 >网纹黄棕色土>黄棕色土;粉砂含量由高到低的排序正好相反。结合粒度参数推测,黄棕色土发育时期,沉积作用增强,粒度变粗,分选性较好;网纹红土发育时期,沉积作用较弱,风化成壤作用强,细颗粒含量增多,分选性相对较差。这可能反映了洞庭湖地区中更新世至晚更新世冬季风加强,风化减弱的气候变化过程。③ 沿冬季风主导风向（偏北风）,洞庭湖周边地区红土的Mφ、Md值（φ值）自北向南增大（变细）,风成组分（10~63 μm）百分含量随之减少,<2 μm组分百分含量自北向南略有增加。这种趋势提供了组成该地区加积型红土的粉尘由偏北向南传输的风成证据和母质风化程度向南增强的环境信息。 相似文献
18.
Zheng Du 《地理学报(英文版)》1996,(3)
Locatedinthenuddle-eastempartofQingl1ai-XizangPlateau,thezoneofalpinescrubandmeadow,charaCterizedbyhigl1landsubpolarhu1hid/subhumiddimate,isatransitionalroponfromdeePgorgestoinIandofh1eplateauproper.ThezoneofalpinescrtlbandmeadowstretchesinadireCtionofWSWtoENE,forminganaturalzoneontheplateau.Tl1enaturalzoneisLutiqueinphyslcalenvirorunentsandnaturalecosystems,andcouldnotbefoUndatthelowlandselseWhereonEarth(Figurel).I.CharacteristicsofPbysicalEnvironmentsStartedfromZoigeandAbaofSichuan… 相似文献
19.
The POD Index, a numerical index of soil classification developed by Schaetzl and Mokma (1988) in the mesic to cryic temperature regimes of northern North America, was applied to 425 pedons in Florida to test its utility for soils in thermic and hyperthermic temperature regimes. One purpose of the POD Index is to permit approximate classification of Spodosols and similar soils in the field using soil color and morphology (horizonation) alone, without resorting to chemical analysis. In this study, a POD Index threshold value of 7 separated Florida Spodosols from non-Spodosols about 88% of the time. This study, therefore, extends the utility of the POD Index for differentiating Spodosols from non-Spodosols into the hyperthermic temperature regimes. [Key words: soils, spodic horizon, color, hyperthermic temperature regime, thermic temperature regime, POD Index.] 相似文献
20.
PHYSICO‐GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF NEEM TREE SOILS AND RELATION TO ORGANIC PROPERTIES 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 WILLIAM C. MAHANEY JOAN VOROS RAMANATHAN KRISHNAMANI RONALD G.V. HANCOCK SUSAN AUFREITER MICHAEL W. MILNER CHRISTOPHER C.R. ALLEN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2016,98(2):143-154
The Neem tree, the oil of which has a long history of pesticide, fertilizer and medicinal use in India, has been studied extensively for its organic compounds. Here we present a physical, mineralogical and geochemical database resulting from the analyses of two Neem soil profiles (epipedons) in India. Neem tree derivatives are used in the manufacture of a variety of products, from anti‐bacterial drugs and insecticides to fertilizers and animal feeds. A preliminary geochemical and mineralogical analysis of Neem soils is made to explore the potential for chemical links between Neem tree derivatives and soils. Physical soil characteristics, including colour, texture and clay mineralogy, suggest the two pedons formed under different hydrological regimes, and hence, are products of different leaching environments, one well‐drained site, the other poorly drained. Geochemically, the two Neem soils exhibit similarities, with elevated concentrations of Th and rare earth elements. These elements are of interest because of their association with phosphates, especially monazite and apatite, and the potential link to fertilizer derivatives. Higher concentrations of trace elements in the soils may be linked to nutritional derivatives and to cell growth in the Neem tree. 相似文献