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随着青岛市城市化进程的加快 ,人口拥挤、交通堵塞、环境污染、供水不足等城市病日渐显露出来 ,其中城市交通的可持续发展是其中一个重要问题。针对青岛市近年汽车、摩托车数量增多 ,造成交通拥挤堵塞和噪声、大气污染。特别是小轿车进入家庭 ,虽然刺激了消费 ,拉动了经济增长 ,但增大了能源消耗 ,加剧了环境污染 ;恶化了城市交通状况 ,降低了交通效益 ;吞蚀了耕地扩展城市 ,挤占了市民的生活空间。针对上述情况 ,为了城市的可持续发展 ,应当制定出可持续发展的交通政策。笔者认为结合青岛市的实际情况 ,城市交通应当坚定不移地发展公共交通(如 :公共汽车、电车、水上巴士、轨道交通 ) ,建立大众交通体系 ;对非公共交通 ,尤其是个人小轿车、摩托车加以合理限制 ,并充分发挥自行车在城市交通中的作用 相似文献
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龙口湾表层沉积物的地球化学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对龙口湾表层沉积物中的pH、Eh、S2-、N、P、有机物、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和石油等11种化学要素进行了地球化学特征的研究,并探讨了其相关性及主要影响因素;同时,将其与相同站位海水的相应化学要素进行了对比研究。另外,还初步评价了该湾的污染状况,并提出了底质环境污染直接影响底栖生物的结论。 相似文献
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载人潜水器在深海科学考察中的应用研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
载人深潜技术是深海技术的前沿与制高点,也是深海科考最先进的技术手段之一。20世纪60年代以来,随着高新技术的发展,美国、法国、俄罗斯、日本等国在载人潜水器的研制和应用上取得了快速的发展,先后掌握了大深度载人深潜技术,具备了在复杂海况下进行水下作业的能力,实现了对深海和大洋洋底的现场观察、探测和取样等。目前,深海载人潜水器的考察范围已经遍及全球大陆坡深水区、洋中脊、海山、海沟和洋盆等海底区域,获得了大量的深海地质、地球物理、生物、化学和环境方面的信息或样品,取得了一批重大的发现和创新性的研究成果,推动了深海科学的发展。我国自主集成研制的"蛟龙"号载人潜水器顺利完成了7 000m级海试,并于2013年开始开展了试验性应用,取得了丰硕的科考成果。本文简要介绍了世界载人潜水器的发展现状及其在深海科学考察中的技术优势,综述了国内外载人潜水器在深海地质学、生物学和物理海洋学等领域中的应用情况。 相似文献
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国土空间治理是国家治理体系的重要组成部分,对海洋空间资源管理进行数字化改革势在必行。浙江省按照数字化改革要求,针对用海管理中存在的海洋数据分散、用海审批周期长、海洋监管闭环难等问题,统筹建设了省、市、县三级贯通的海洋空间资源智管场景。系统设计并建设了综合驾驶舱、项目用海审批、疑点疑区监管等业务应用,并赋予了项目卡、前置审查、全景三维可视化等特色功能,夯实了海洋资源数据底座,提升了项目审批效率,完善了海洋监管体系,打通了海洋空间资源管理的堵点、痛点。可为各地提高海洋空间资源管理效能、打造海洋管理新模式提供借鉴。 相似文献
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“大洋一号”勘查技术体系的设计与建设 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了"大洋一号"远洋科学考察船在近1年的改装施工后所建立的现代化船舶勘查技术体系.由于引进了世界先进的调查设备,自主研发和改造了深海浅地层岩芯钻等大型调查设备,自主设计并完成了网络信息集成系统,同时对实验室、住舱等工作、生活环境进行了改造,"大洋一号"远洋科学考察船已集成了具有高精度水下定位、全覆盖地形地貌、可视化海底取样、地球物理(重、磁、震、浅地层)、深拖(声学、光学)、成矿环境(水文、化学)和生物等专业设备的联合探测分析系统,实现了各系统的科学同步作业和信息融合,大大提高了我国海洋科学考察工作的效率和管理水平,使我国的深海探测技术和方法基本实现了与国际接轨. 相似文献
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调研了近几年光纤传感器在海洋探测方面的研究进展,主要包括测量海水温度、压力、盐度、叶绿素、pH值和溶解氧的相关光纤传感器以及光纤水听器。简要介绍了光纤传感器的基本原理、结构及性能,同时跟踪了国内外相关的最新研究进展,并与传统的测量方法进行了比较,分析得出光纤传感器是对现有传统海洋探测器的重要补充,并在一些探测领域具有独特的优势。文章最后,探讨了光纤传感技术的未来发展趋势,认为在海洋温度、压力、叶绿素、水听器等领域可能会率先突破技术瓶颈并实现商用,同时提出了未来海洋光纤探测技术新的研究方向。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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