共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 734 毫秒
1.
地震引起的土体液化和地基失效对岩土工程师而言仍是一个热点问题。地震液化及地基变形可以采用多种地基加固方法防治,碎石桩技术是常用方法之一。碎石桩复合地基抗液化效用主要是增加桩周土体的密度、桩体的排水以及桩体分担地震水平剪应力作用(桩体减震作用)。目前,以抗液化为主的碎石桩复合地基的设计以及效果评价方法仍只考虑加密作用。首先通过3个模型(1个饱和砂土地基模型、2个碎石桩复合地基模型)的振动台试验研究抗液化碎石桩的减震作用。然后以试验记录的模型动力反应以及建立的理论模型为基础,分析碎石桩复合地基的桩体减震作用。试验及理论分析结果表明,复合地基中的碎石桩可以明显地降低作用在桩间可液化土上的地震剪应力。 相似文献
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砂土液化是导致重大地震灾害的主要原因之一。本研究探讨了天然纤维加筋砂土在循环荷载作用下的抗液化性能。在不排水条件下,对具有不同纤维含量的加筋砂土试样进行了一系列循环三轴试验,研究了饱和砂土的液化特性以及循环剪应变幅值、纤维含量对饱和砂土抗液化性能的影响。此外,通过模拟已完成的循环三轴试验,建立了二维有限元数值模型,并对具有不同纤维含量的加筋砂土进行了参数标定。研究结果表明:(1)增加循环剪应变幅值将促进超孔压累积,使得滞回曲线斜率和平均有效应力减小速度加快;(2)纤维的存在能够减缓超孔压的累积,随着纤维含量增加,加筋砂土抗液化能力得到明显提高;(3)标定后的本构模型参数能可靠地用于模拟纤维加筋砂土的液化响应。研究结果为饱和砂土抗液化问题与纤维加筋砂土的数值模拟提供了有价值的参考。 相似文献
3.
循环加载方式与应力路径对砂土的抗液化强度有很大的影响。利用GDS空心圆柱扭剪仪对南海珊瑚砂进行了一系列复杂加载条件下均等固结不排水循环试验,探讨了90°突变应力路径下主应力方向角对珊瑚砂抗液化强度的影响。试验结果发现：以循环应力比（CSR）作为应力水平指标,当不控制中主应力系数b的变化时,主应力方向角 对珊瑚砂的抗液化强度并无显著影响;当控制b始终保持0.5时,珊瑚砂的抗液化强度随着 的增加呈现出先减小后增大的趋势,且在 45°时的抗液化强度最低。基于分析循环荷载引起的土单元大、小循环主应力 、 变化,定义了单元体循环应力比（USR）作为一个新的物理指标,发现不同循环加载方式与应力路径条件下施加于珊瑚砂试样的USR与引起液化所需的循环次数NL存在事实上的唯一性关系。通过引自文献的4种无黏性土原始试验数据的再处理,独立地验证了以USR表征砂类土液化强度的适用性。 相似文献
4.
为研究地震作用下饱和砂土液化判别及地震放大效应的影响因素,采用边界面塑性模型框架内开发的砂土本构模型,基于开源有限元平台OpenSees建立了一维剪切梁土柱模型。以循环应力比CSR和循环抗力比CRR为控制指标,对比了不同液化判别方法的差异,分析了地震荷载类型和砂土相对密度对液化判别和放大效应的影响。研究表明:与数值模拟结果相比,Seed简化法计算的CSR更大,判断饱和砂土场地发生液化的可能性更高;冲击型地震波较振动型地震波更容易使饱和砂土场地发生液化,砂土相对密度越小场地越容易发生液化;放大系数随埋深的减小而增大,振动型地震波引起的放大效应整体大于冲击型,埋深较大时放大系数随砂土相对密度的增大而减小。 相似文献
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6.
饱和砂土地震液化判别的可拓聚类预测方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于可拓学的物元模型和聚类分析原理,提出了饱和砂土地震液化判别的可拓聚类方法。选取地震烈度、震中距、砂层埋置深度、地下水位、标贯击数、平均粒径、不均匀系数和动剪应力比等8个影响因素,作为饱和砂土地震液化的评价因子,构建了经典域物元和节域物元。应用物元理论和可拓集合中的关联函数,建立预测模型,通过聚类分析得到饱和砂土地震液化的判别结果。实例研究表明,该模型能客观地反映砂土的液化规律,可拓聚类预测方法应用于饱和砂土地震液化判别是有效可行的。 相似文献
7.
A new constitutive law for the behaviour of undrained sand subjected to dynamic loading is presented. The proposed model works for small and large strain ranges and incorporates contractive and dilative properties of the sand into the unified numerical scheme. These features allow to correctly predict liquefaction and cyclic mobility phenomena for different initial relative densities of the soil. The model has been calibrated as an element test, by using cyclic simple shear data reported in the literature. For the contractive sand behaviour a well‐known endochronic densification model has been used, whereas a plastic model with a new non‐associative flow rule is applied when the sand tends to dilate. Both dilatancy and flow rule are based on a new state parameter, associated to the stiffness degradation of the material as the shaking goes on. Also, the function that represents the rearrangement memory of the soil takes a zero value when the material dilates, in order to easily model the change in the internal structure. Proceeding along this kind of approach, liquefaction and cyclic mobility are modelled with the same constitutive law, within the framework of a bi‐dimensional FEM coupled algorithm developed in the paper. For calibration purposes, the behaviour of the soil in a cyclic simple shear test has been simulated, in order to estimate the influence of permeability, frequency of loading, and homogeneity of the shear stress field on the laboratory data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Liquefaction damage from earthquakes frequently indicates effects of sand aging on liquefaction resistance: Liquefaction damage in natural or aged reclaimed ground has been much less than that in young reclaimed ground. However, the mechanisms underlying aging effects remain unclear. Cementation and stress history of sand strongly influence aging effects: Cementation raises liquefaction resistance, whereas liquefaction history sometimes reduces liquefaction resistance. Small cyclic shear strain, from which the induced density change is almost negligible, was adopted as representing the stress history. To evaluate liquefaction resistance, initial shear modulus, and deformation characteristics of sand, we prepared specimens by adding cement and by applying a small cyclic shear strain. In cementitious sand, liquefaction resistance increased when cement contents exceeded 0.3% by mass. The initial shear modulus apparently increased at the same degree of cement addition as that which increased the liquefaction resistance. For sand with a small cyclic shear strain, the liquefaction resistance increased when the applied cyclic axial strain exceeded 0.01%. Application of small cyclic shear strain only slightly increased the initial shear modulus, but the linear elastic region tended to expand to greater shear strain. Shear properties of sand with small cyclic shear strain resembled those found for sand that had been consolidated for a long time.
相似文献9.
Liquefaction is associated with the loss of mean effective stress and increase of the pore water pressure in saturated granular materials due to their contractive tendency under cyclic shear loading. The loss of mean effective stress is linked to loss of grain contacts, bringing the granular material to a “semifluidized state” and leading to development and accumulation of large cyclic shear strains. Constitutive modeling of the cyclic stress-strain response in earthquake-induced liquefaction and post-liquefaction is complex and yet very important for stress-deformation and performance-based analysis of sand deposits. A new state internal variable named strain liquefaction factor is introduced that evolves at low mean effective stresses, and its constitutive role is to reduce the plastic shear stiffness and dilatancy while maintaining the same plastic volumetric strain rate in the semifluidized state. This new constitutive ingredient is added to an existing critical state compatible, bounding surface plasticity reference model, that is well established for constitutive modeling of cyclic response of sands in the pre-liquefaction state. The roles of the key components of the proposed formulation are examined in a series of sensitivity analyses. Their combined effects in improving the performance of the reference model are examined by simulating undrained cyclic simple shear tests on Ottawa sand, with focus on reproducing the increasing shear strain amplitude as well as its saturation in the post-liquefaction response. 相似文献
10.
In practical engineering, cyclic shear stresses induced by earthquakes, traffic, and waves are superimposed on the initial static shear stress in sand fills or deposits, leading to complex responses of soils such as their deformation characteristics, pore pressure generation, and susceptibility (or cyclic resistance) to liquefaction. To experimentally investigate the undrained cyclic response of saturated sand, a series of triaxial tests were performed, covering a broad range of initial static and cyclic deviatoric stress levels. The results indicate that different stress conditions lead to two types of cyclic behavior: cyclic mobility and residual deformation accumulation. The compressional static stress is beneficial to the cyclic resistance of the dense sand, whereas the extensional static stress is regarded as detrimental as it tended to reduce the cyclic strength. Moreover, by comparing the available test data obtained from the same sand with varying initial densities and confining pressures, the static shear effect on cyclic resistance was found to be dependent on the state of the sand. Compared to the interpretation made using the limiting pore pressure-based criterion, the conventional failure criterion using a cyclic axial strain of 5% may lead to a substantial overestimation of the cyclic resistance, thus resulting in unsafe assessment and design. Hence, by employing the pore pressure criterion, the pore pressure generated in the cyclic tests was investigated and was found to be significantly influenced by the static shear stress. A pore pressure generation model is proposed to obtain the pore pressure characteristics of sand under various static shear stress conditions. 相似文献
11.
胶新铁路砂土液化区路基沉降规律研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震液化常给人们带来巨大损失,而剪切振动和循环荷载作用下的动力学效应常被认为是地震液化的主要原因,人们对剪切荷载作用下饱和砂土的液化问题进行了较多的研究,而对循环荷载作用下砂土液化的动力学效应研究较少。胶新铁路在DK39+000开始为高地震烈度区,DK283+550~DK283+770分布有地震可液化层,工程修建后列车动荷载的影响将会有诱发砂土液化的可能性。为了研究通车前自然沉降特征和通车后循环荷载作用下的路基沉降变形规律,本文在具体分析了砂土液化的概念和准则判别的基础上,重点分析了砂土液化区路基沉降特征,包括测试断面竖向分层沉降变形特征分析和路基水平位移特征分析。最后在试验的基础上,从理论上给出了循环荷载下砂土的本构关系。 相似文献
12.
利用空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟斜入射地震波作用形成的斜椭圆应力路径,对比研究了等向固结条件下饱和福建标准松砂在循环斜椭圆、圆形、扭剪、三轴路径下的动力特性。试验研究表明：土体循环孔压发展存在陡升型和陡降型两种模式;圆形路径下累积孔压增长速率最快,循环扭剪最小;归一化孔压与斜椭圆的倾角无关,但受斜椭圆长短轴比及动应力比影响。砂土的不排水动强度与动应力路径密切相关,循环扭剪和循环三轴最大,循环斜椭圆次之,圆形路径最小。地震波从特定角度入射时,形成近似圆形路径,若只将地震波视为垂直入射的S波,将高估地基土体抗液化强度。 相似文献
13.
Hanifi Missoum Mostefa Belkhatir Karim Bendani Mustapha Maliki 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):279-296
In a number of recent case studies, the liquefaction of silty sands has been reported. To investigate the undrained shear and deformation behaviour of Chlef sand–silt mixtures, a series of monotonic and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand encountered at the site. The aim of this laboratory investigation is to study the influence of silt contents, expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio on undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense and dense sand–silt mixtures under monotonic loading and liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. After an earthquake event, the prediction of the post-liquefaction strength is becoming a challenging task in order to ensure the stability of different types of earth structures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate undrained residual shear strength of silty sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction to be used in engineering practice design should be established. To achieve this, a series of undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines contents ranging from 0 to 40 %. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant at 100 kPa. From the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not characterize the actual behaviour of the soil as well. The equivalent void ratio expressing the fine particles participation in soil strength is then introduced. A linear relationship between the undrained shear residual shear strength and the equivalent void ratio has been obtained for the studied range of the fines contents. Cyclic test results confirm that the increase in the equivalent void ratio and the fines content accelerates the liquefaction phenomenon for the studied stress ratio and the liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase in either the equivalent void ratio or the loading amplitude level. These cyclic tests results confirm the obtained monotonic tests results. 相似文献
14.
确保地震荷载作用下海床场地的动力稳定性是海洋工程全寿命周期安全运行的重要保证,然而对复杂海域环境下饱和粉细砂的液化特性研究尚属少见。基于海域场地动应力计算方法,确定各试验工况的场地循环应力比CSR,并对试样施加与之对应的不排水循环荷载。试验结果表明：可液化的海洋粉细砂在考虑其场地动应力条件的循环荷载作用下出现不同的液化可能性;粉细砂呈循环破坏模式,将双幅轴向应变>5%作为循环破坏标准;海洋粉细砂的液化可能性与土体的埋深及动应力均不呈单一相关性,而是随着干密度的增大,液化振次逐渐增大,当干密度＞1.72 g/cm3时土体不再液化。该结果可为杭州湾区抗震区划及海洋工程结构抗震设计提供参考。 相似文献
15.
砂土多机构边界面塑性模型及其试验验证 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据Iai多重剪切机构塑性模型及边界面塑性模型的特点,建立了一个砂土多机构边界面塑性模型。该模型将土复杂的变形机理分解为体积机理和一系列简单的剪切机理。用边界面弹塑性模型模拟多重剪切机构塑性模型中虚拟单剪机构,避免了Iai多重剪切机构塑性模型在利用修正Masing准则模拟虚拟单剪应力-应变关系时确定比例参数的复杂性。根据大量试验资料,建立了液化面参数与归一累积剪切功的关系,能够用较少的参数很好地建立有效应力路径。由于多重机理的特性,该模型能够模拟复杂荷载作用下主应力轴偏转的影响。试验结果表明,应用该模型的计算结果与试验结果有较好的一致性。 相似文献
16.
饱和击实黄土的动力特性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过进行不同固结条件下饱和击实黄土的动三轴试验,研究了饱和击实黄土的动模量、阻尼比、动强度、动孔压及抗液化特性。研究结果表明：饱和击实黄土的动应力-应变关系符合双曲线模型,模型中参数起始动剪切模量和最大动应力与轴向固结应力间均有良好的幂函数关系,且可以对不同固结应力状态归一,固结围压和固结比对阻尼比的影响较小。动剪应力比随固结围压的增大而减小,随固结比的增大而增大。固结围压、固结比以及动应力皆对动孔压比（ ）与振次比关系有显著的影响,而动孔压与破坏时动孔压之比与振次比关系只受固结围压变化的影响,基本上不受固结比和动应力变化的影响,可以用幂函数关系来模拟;在均压固结条件下,当破坏振次小于等于30时,饱和击实黄土不会产生液化,而当破坏振次较大（动应力较小）时可以产生液化;在偏压固结条件下不会产生液化。 相似文献
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Yu Haizhen Zhao Wenguang Wang Ren Li Jianguo He Yang 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2005,16(4):340-344
INTRODUCTION Theexploitationofoffshorenaturalresourcesin thetropichaspresentedgeotechnicalengineerswith theproblemofdealingwithinsitucarbonatesedi mentsinharshconditionsforwhichfewengineering dataareavailable.Thecarbonatesedimentsaresub jectedtolargestaticstressesduetotheweightof foundationstructuresaswellascyclicstressesdueto waveaction,andinsomecases,earthquakeloading.Ithasbeenprovedthatthenatureofcyclicstresschangesoccurringintheseabeddepositduetowave loadinginvolvesacontinuousrotationo… 相似文献
18.
Raj Banerjee Sanku Konai Aniruddha Sengupta Kousik Deb 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2017,35(4):1327-1340
As a part of the seismic safety evaluation of several bridges and other hydraulic structures located on Kasai River bed in India, the liquefaction potential of Kasai River sand is studied in 1-g shake table in laboratory and numerically using a commercial software FLAC 2D. The surface settlement, lateral spreading, predominant frequency, amplification of the ground motion and pore water pressure development in Kasai River sand in dry and liquefied states have been studied when subjected to sinusoidal motions of amplitude 0.35 g at a frequency of 2 Hz. The nonlinear curves used to represent shear strain dependency of stiffness and damping ratio of Kasai River sand are obtained from cyclic triaxial tests. Reasonably good agreement between the experimental and the numerical results is observed. It is found that the settlement and lateral spreading for the liquefied sand is 2.60 and 2.50 times than those of the sand in the dry state. The volumetric strain of the liquefied sand is found to be around 4%, which is significantly higher than 1.53% observed in the dry sand. It is observed that the amplification of the peak ground acceleration for the saturated sand is 1.08 and 1.32 times higher than that for the dry sand from theoretical and experimental results, respectively. The shear strain developed in the liquefied sand is 1.17 times more than that for dry sand. The fundamental and higher modal frequencies of dry sand are found to be 1.13, 1.117 and 1.119 times more than those for the saturated sand, respectively. 相似文献
19.
采用颗粒流软件模拟了饱和砂土在不排水条件下的循环剪切试验,研究了不同因素对液化的影响,并进一步分析了饱和砂土液化后宏观变形的基本规律。在此基础上,从孔隙分布角度解释了砂土液化后的大变形的细观物理机制。通过自编程序对颗粒排列和孔隙分布的演化过程进行定量描述,给出孔隙率标准差作为液化后体积收缩势的度量,并研究了孔隙率标准差与液化后大变形的关系。离散元细观数值模拟再现了室内试验中的宏观现象,证实了室内试验中饱和砂土液化后的有限剪切大变形是客观真实的材料响应。土体体积收缩势的累积所导致的孔隙均匀化以及土颗粒间自由空隙增大正是饱和砂土液化后循环剪应变逐渐增大的细观机制。孔隙率标准差作为孔隙均匀化的量化指标,与循环剪应变各周次幅值有良好的相关性。 相似文献
20.
轨道交通振动下南京片状细砂的有效应力路径及破坏模式 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以南京片状结构细砂为研究对象,采用英国WFI动静多功能三轴仪,研究了饱和南京片状结构细砂在列车振动荷载作用下静偏应力水平、循环应力比对其动力特性的影响;把振动孔压的发展与应力路径相联系,分析了循环荷载作用下不同阶段南京片状结构细砂所处的初始压密状态、压缩状态和膨胀状态的发生和发展过程;同时,根据静偏应力与循环偏应力的大小,视有无偏应力反向,南京片状结构细砂的破坏模式可分为循环活动性和塑性应变累积破坏,并对其循环活动性的机制进行了初步探讨。 相似文献