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1.
Three vertical sections through the Zagrad deposit of Jurassic karst bauxite in central Montenegro have provided knowledge of the vertical distribution of major and some selected trace elements, including rare earth elements (REE). Variations in the mineralogy, particularly those hosting REE, have been studied. This has revealed the presence of authigenic mineral phases such as xenotime, mottramite and monazite (best proved using Raman microprobe analysis) as well as residual phases such as zircon, titanite and monazite. The mobility of the elements during bauxitization processes has been studied to show that the REE minerals ensure progressive concentration of these elements during removal of major elements through weathering. The similarity of normalized REE in the bauxite to the typical Post-Archean Australian Shales (PAAS) and Upper Continental Crust (UCC) profile, and the preserved Eu anomaly, are evidence that the bauxite was not derived from carbonates and represents alteration of shale, marly limestone and volcanogenic or proximal igneous sourced detritus that accumulated in the original karst landform. Mass change during bauxitization, using Ti as “index” element and compared to PAAS composition, revealed almost 100% depletion of Si and weak enrichment in Al. Deeper parts of the deposit with authigenic minerals exhibit very strong enrichment in all REE. The bauxite ores have high ΣREE contents (693.5–6953.4 ppm), especially ΣLREE contents (582.8–4882.9 ppm), while ΣHREE contents (106.6–2070.5 ppm) are much lower. 相似文献
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黔北务川瓦厂坪铝土矿床元素迁移规律研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
黔北务正道地区铝土矿矿床属古风化壳沉积型,成矿母岩具多源性,但主要来源于下覆的中下志留统韩家店组。本文依据Grant提出的质量平衡方程和图解法,对瓦厂坪矿床在成矿过程中元素迁移的富集、贫化（亏损）规律进行了定量研究。结果表明,主要成矿母岩韩家店组砂、页岩一中间产物铝土质页岩、粘土岩是主要元素A12O3、TiO2显著富集... 相似文献
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八论贵州之铝土矿——黔中-渝南铝土矿成矿背景及成因探讨 总被引：26，自引：6，他引：26
区域成矿地质背景研究表明，铝土矿的形成主要受构造和气候两大因素制约。在地质发展过程中，广西运动，紫云运动和道真运动对石炭纪沉积铝土矿的形成至关重要。通过对铝土矿为含矿岩系基底地层岩石，微量元素，矿的成分以及铝土矿中各种稳定组分富集率的研究认为，各矿带铝土矿都有各自的物源补给区。铝土矿的形成，经历了红土化，沉积和表生作用三个阶段，每个阶段都是排除杂质和富铝的过程，含三水铝石的红土风化壳是沉积铝土矿的成矿母质，表生作用使沉积铝土矿再次富集。 相似文献
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Lateritic bauxites in the coastal lowlands of Suriname form part of a belt along the northern margin of the Guiana Shield that has long been one of the world's major bauxite producing regions. The Surinamese deposits, many of which with an extensive mining history, originated on Tertiary siliciclastic sediments and were mostly buried under a layer of young sediments. The bauxite-bearing sequences are generally topped with an iron-rich layer largely made up of hematite and goethite. It covers a gibbsite-rich bauxite horizon that passes downward into a kaolinitic bottom section containing anatase and zircon as main accessory minerals. Weathering profiles across formerly mined deposits were analyzed for geochemical and mineralogical properties aimed at exploring compositional diversity, underlying controls of bauxite-formation and the nature of precursor sediments.Studied profiles in different parts of the coastal plain reveal overall similarities between individual deposits in showing significant depletion of Si, K, Na, Mg and Ca and strong, primarily residual, relative enrichment of Al, Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta and Th. In detail, however, there are distinct differences in major and trace-element signatures, accessory mineral assemblages, facies distribution and provenance of the terrigenous precursor sediments. Enrichments in high field-strength elements and heavy rare earth elements are largely attributable to accumulation of heavy minerals like zircon in the precursor. Petrological and trace-element evidence does not support a direct genetic relationship between bauxite and the underlying saprolitic clays. The complex petrologic characteristics and compositional heterogeneity of the coastal-plain deposits can essentially be explained by element fractionation, primarily through selective leaching, in combination with relative and absolute enrichment processes, erosion and reworking during two-stage, polycyclic bauxitization of a heterogeneous precursor. 相似文献
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桂西地区铝土矿为典型喀斯特型,包括二叠系沉积型和第四系堆积型两亚类。堆积型铝土矿是沉积型铝土矿经抬升、破碎、风化,最后堆积于喀斯特洼地中形成。以平果教美铝土矿为研究对象,探索堆积型铝土矿形成过程中矿物的变化与元素迁移。沉积型矿石的矿物组成包括硬水铝石、鲕绿泥石、锐钛矿及少量针铁矿、金红石和高岭石;堆积型矿石的矿物组成主要为硬水铝石、锐钛矿、高岭石及少量三水铝石和鲕绿泥石。转化过程中堆积型矿石中的硬水铝石含量明显增加,鲕绿泥石含量明显减少。沉积型铝土矿的主要化学组成为Al2O3、SiO2、FeO和TiO2;堆积型为Al2O3、SiO2、TiO2和Fe2O3。两类矿石中元素Zr 、Ba、Nb、V含量均较高,稀土总量变化大,富集轻稀土。质量平衡计算表明堆积型铝土矿形成过程中Al、Ba、Sr、Y等元素增加,而Si、Fe、Ti、Nb、V、Ce等元素减少,其余元素变化不明显。 相似文献
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广西平果上二叠统合山组沉积型铝土矿储量大,并以伴生稀散元素Ga为特色。从主量成分和微量元素角度研究平果铝土矿的地球化学特征、形成环境及其与Ga的相互关联性,对综合回收利用和提升矿床经济价值有重要帮助。通过对整个研究区内均匀采集的18件不同类型的矿石及铝土岩样品进行金属Ga和常量、微量元素测试,经统计学方法计算和相关性图解分析,发现样品中Ga平均含量已达到工业品位（0.002×10-2）。但在不同类型矿石中的富集程度不同:豆鲕粒状铝土矿>致密块状铝土矿>铝土岩。而且Ga含量与Al2O3含量呈显著正低相关性;与SiO2含量呈显著负相关关系;与V含量呈显著正低相关关系;与稀土元素相关性不强,无明显规律性。通过对那豆沉积型铝土矿床古地理环境和不同类型样品Sr/Ba比值、Ga的富集、LREE/HREE比值分析发现:区内沉积型铝土矿主成矿期为较稳定、酸性、潮湿的滨海至浅海相环境;而且从二叠纪合山组早期的滨海相氧化环境逐步过渡到二叠纪合山组后期的浅海相还原环境。矿石类型则由早期的紫红色致密块状矿化变化为青灰色至灰黑色鲕粒状矿化。 相似文献
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新安县孙坑铝土矿主要赋存于中石炭统本溪组中,矿石类型主要是一水硬铝石型铝土矿.笔者通过在该区进行地质工作,对该地区铝土矿的基本地质特征进行了阐述.对采取的铝土矿样品进行稀土元素测试分析,认为本区铝土矿的矿源物质主要来源于底板灰岩的风化碎屑.结合底板灰岩物质来源,表明铝土矿中的稀土元素具有一定的继承性. 相似文献
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The present study focuses on the Late Cretaceous Bidgol bauxite deposit in the Zagros Simply Fold Belt, SW Iran. The orebody is located in the eroded major NW–SE trending Koh-e-Hosseyn anticline and hosted as discontinuous stratified layers and lenses within the upper member of the Cenomanian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. Detailed mineralogical analysis reveals that diaspore, hematite, goethite, anatase, clinochlore, chamosite, and calcite are the major mineral components accompanied by minor amounts of detrital and REE-bearing minerals such as rutile, zircon and parisite. The ore texture suggest that the bauxite material has an authigenic origin but in some parts it has been transported short distances from a primary in situ environment and redeposited in karstic depressions. The spheroidal pisolites of the Bidgol bauxite formed under conditions of low water activity, favouring the formation of large diaspore cores and a single dry-to-wet climatic fluctuation. The mass change calculations relative to the immobile element Ti show that elements such as Si, Fe, Mg, K, Na and Sr are leached out of the weathered system; Al, Ni, Zr, Ga, Cr and Ba are concentrated in the residual system; and Hf, Ta, Co, Rb, Cs, Be, and U are relatively immobile during the bauxitisation processes. The Nb, Th, Y, V, Sc, Sn and ΣREE are relatively immobile in the initial stage of bauxitisation processes in the bauxite ores, but were slightly mobile at the later stage of bauxitisation. Geochemical data reveal progressive enrichment of the REE and intense LREE/HREE fractionation toward the lower parts of the bauxite profile. Cerium behaves differently from the other REEs (especially LREE) and show positive anomalies in the upper horizons that gradually become negative in the deeper parts of the profile. The distribution and fractionation of trace elements and REEs during the bauxitisation process in the Bidgol deposit are mainly controlled by the presence of REE-bearing minerals, fluctuations in soil solution pH, REE ionization potential and the presence of bicarbonates or organic matter. Geochemical analyses confirm a protolith contribution from the bedrock argillaceous limestone and suggest that the source material for the Bidgol bauxite was provided from a siliciclastic material derived from a continental margin. The mid-Turonian uplift led to the formation of karstic topography, rubbly breccia and a layer of ferruginous–argillaceous debris that was affected by lateritic weathering under humid tropical climate. Subsequently, mobile elements are removed from the profiles, while Al, Fe and Ti are enriched, resulting in the formation of the pristine bauxite materials. When the platform subsided into the water again, the pristine bauxitic materials were partly converted to bauxite. During the exposure of bauxite orebodies on the limbs and crests of anticlines and subsequent eroding and accumulation in the karstic depressions during folding and faulting in Oligocene–Miocene, important factors such as intensity of the weathering, drainage and floating flow may have improved the qualities of the bauxite ores. 相似文献
11.
河南渑池铝土矿成矿区地球化学背景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[摘 要]地球化学元素的分布特征反映了元素矿化富集规律。本文在了解矿床地质背景及地球化学性质的基础上,通过对河南渑池地区水系沉积物地球化学测量数据的统计分析,着重研究铝土矿成矿区的地球化学背景,寻找地球化学找矿指标,希望对以后的勘察工作有所借鉴。研究区的铝土矿带位于石炭系本溪组地层中,且本溪组不整合覆盖于奥陶纪地层之上。与上层地层相比,矿层富含Al2O3、高场强元素(HSFS),尤其是硼元素。对水系沉积物地球化学数据进行分析,得出反映元素分布形态的地球化学图,结果表明,只有B 元素可以明确反应铝土矿的空间分布位置。矿床点一般沿硼元素高值区边界分布,表明B 元素可以作为河南渑池铝土矿成矿区的地球化学找矿指标。 相似文献
12.
The authors have found in their studies many new genetic types of microtextures of bauxite. A sedimentological genetic classification of bauxites based on these features and a division of the microfacies types of bauxites formed in major microenvironments are proposed. Four kinds of sedimentary sequence of bauxitic sediments have also been recognized. On these bases, a generalized sedimentary model of Carboniferous bauxites in North China is presented, in which storm-turbidite currents play an important role in the formation and enrichment of bauxite deposits. 相似文献
13.
用扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了贵州修文铝土矿的物质成分及显微结构。着重讨论了铝土质粘土岩,致密状、豆鲕状、上状铝土矿及其过渡型试样。铝土质粘土岩以高岭石为主,根据其显微结构特征,确认电镜下所见高岭石为浅海相沉积自生矿物。铝土矿石以一水硬铝石为主。致密状铝土矿中含较多重金属元素,沉积吸附现象较为明显;土状铝土矿中多次生孔洞,孔洞中多填充完整的次生水铝石晶体。认为矿层的富集与淋滤次生富集有关。 相似文献
14.
通过对峨眉山玄武岩古风化壳进行野外调查、取样和分析测试工作,认为: ①贵州西部广泛出露峨眉山玄武岩,晚二叠世古气候温润潮湿,利于峨眉山玄武岩风化形成含Fe、Ti的黏土矿物和铝质黏土矿物的古风化壳,该风化壳受古地理环境和峨眉山玄武岩控制。②相对玄武岩而言,铝质黏土岩主量元素含量特征表现为富TiO2、Al2O3,轻度亏损SiO2,明显亏损TFe,其他主量元素大量流失; 铁质黏土岩主量元素含量特征表现为富TFe、TiO2, 轻度富Al2O3,但相对于铝质黏土岩,TiO2的富集程度偏低,SiO2亏损明显,其他元素亦大量流失。③由于晚二叠世频繁的海侵作用,水位较高的区域,风化壳下部处于较还原的条件下,Fe被还原成易溶的二价状态或在有机质的作用下迁出风化壳,而Ti由于存在形式较为稳定,继续保存在黏土矿物中,与Fe发生分异; 局部水位较浅的氧化环境及重力分异作用下,黏土矿物与铁矿物由于比重差异而分选开来,形成Fe与Al、Ti的分异,并伴随铁矿、钛矿和铝土矿的富集。该富集规律的发现对寻找该区铁、钛和铝土矿有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
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云南文山县天生桥地区铝土矿是典型的沉积型铝土矿,矿体赋存于上二叠统龙潭组,其下伏地层为上石炭统灰岩或与峨眉山大火成岩省有关的玄武岩。矿石以泥晶结构为主,含少量粒屑结构与鲕粒结构;矿石的结构特征表明风化物质可能经过短距离的搬运。常量元素分析结果显示铝土矿石中Al2O3分别与Fe2O3 和TiO2具有较好的负相关关系。在铝土矿矿化过程中,微量元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta和Bi相对于Li、Rb、Sr、Ba不断富集。元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta 分别与TiO2显示较高的相关性。运用稳定元素相关性(如Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta)、lgNi和lgCr二元图解以及稀土元素配分模式等方法探讨矿床成矿物质来源,研究结果表明玄武岩为铝土矿的形成提供了主要的物质来源,下伏碳酸盐岩可能也提供了少量的物质来源。 相似文献
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重庆南川-武隆铝土矿属于渝南-黔北铝土矿成矿带,为喀斯特型铝土矿床。经显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射、矿物自动分析仪（MLA）、扫面电子显微镜等方法对该矿床矿物学的研究,发现组成铝土矿的主要矿物为一水硬铝石、高岭石、绿泥石,次要矿物为伊利石、一水软铝石、三水铝石、鲕绿泥石、菱铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿、黄铁矿、锐钛矿、金红石、磷灰石、石英、锆石、方解石、长石及稀土矿物等。矿石组构及矿物组合表明形成铝土矿的沉积/成岩环境为接近于潜流的环境。矿石结构和锆石形态指示成矿物质经过了短距离的搬运。地球化学研究结果显示,组成铝土矿的主要化学成分为Al2O3、TFeO、SiO2和TiO2,铝土矿化过程中REE、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、Sc、Li和Ga发生富集。形成铝土矿的母岩物质主要来自下伏页岩的风化作用,灰岩和酸性火山岩对铝土矿的形成也有一定的贡献。结合稳定同位素资料,认为铝土矿的形成可能与生物作用有关。 相似文献
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研究区矿体产于三叠系中窝组底部油页岩与下伏中三叠统北衙组灰岩、白云质灰岩不整合面上,矿体呈透镜状、漏斗状,受岩浆侵入、岩溶发育影响,矿层厚度不稳定.主要矿石矿物有一水硬铝石和三水硬铝石,呈鲕状、致密豆状、松散状（土状）.该矿床的Al/Si比值等岩石化学数据总体反映出Al2O3与SiO2、TiO2含量均成正相关关系.矿石样品∑REE富集,δCe显示正异常,δEu负异常明显.微量元素研究显示出沉积成因特征和成矿物源的多源性,铝土矿矿石结构构造、沉积特点及生物组成反映其形成环境主要为海相沉积环境. 相似文献
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滇东南地区晚二叠世铝土矿属典型的喀斯特型铝土矿,矿体赋存于上二叠统吴家坪组(龙潭组),分析其地球化学特征对研究其物质来源具有重要意义。全岩分析显示铝土矿石成分以Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2和TiO2为主,其中Al2O3与Fe2O3 、SiO2具有较好的负相关关系。微量元素Cr、Zr、 Hf、Ta、Th、U和稀土元素在铝土矿矿化过程中不断富集,元素Zr-Hf、Nb-Ta之间具有明显的正相关关系。lgCr-lgNi图解、稳定元素比值(Zr/Hf)及稀土元素配分模式等地球化学特征说明峨眉山玄武岩为铝土矿的形成提供了主要的物质来源,同时下伏碳酸盐岩也提供了部分成矿物质。 相似文献
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Karstic bauxite deposits are widespread in Central Guizhou Province, SW China, and high-grade ores are frequently sandwiched with overlying coal and underlying iron-rich layers and form a special “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. The Lindai deposit, which is one of the most representative karstic bauxite deposits in Central Guizhou Province, was selected as a case study. Based on textural features and iron abundances, bauxite ores in the Lindai deposit are divided into three types of ores, i.e., clastic, compact, and high-iron. The bauxite ores primarily comprise diaspore, boehmite, kaolinite, illite, and hematite with minor quartz, smectite, pyrite, zircon, rutile, anatase, and feldspar. The Al2O3 (53–76.8 wt.%) is the main chemical contents of the bauxite ore samples in the Lindai district, followed by SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO, S, and P etc. Our geological data on the Lindai deposit indicated that the ore-bearing rock series and its underlying stratum have similar rare earth elements distribution pattern and similar Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and Eu/Eu1 values; additionally, all ore-bearing rock samples are rich in MgO (range from 0.16 wt.% to 0.68 wt.%), and the plots of the dolomites and laterites lie almost on or close to the weathering line fit by the Al-bearing rocks in Zr vs. Hf and Nb vs. Ta diagrams; suggesting that the underlying Middle Cambrian Shilengshui Formation dolomite is the parent rock of bauxite resources in the Lindai district.Simulated weathering experiments on the modern laterite from the Shilengshui Formation dolomite in the Lindai bauxite deposit show that hydrogeological conditions are important for karstic bauxite formation: Si is most likely to migrate, its migration rate is several magnitudes higher than those of Al and Fe under natural conditions; the reducing inorganic acid condition is the most conducive to Al enrichment and Si removal; Fe does not migrate easily in groundwater, Al enrichment and Fe removal can occur only in acidic and reducing conditions with the presence of organic matter.The geological and experimental studies show that “coal–bauxite–iron” structure in Lindai deposit is formed under certain hydrogeological conditions, i.e., since lateritic bauxite or Al-rich laterite deposited upon the semi-closed karst depressions, Si can be continuously removed out under neutral/acidic groundwater conditions; the coal/carbonaceous rock overlying the bauxitic materials were easily oxidized to produce acidic (H2S, H2SO4, etc.) and reductant groundwater with organic materials that percolated downward, resulting in enrichment of Al in underlying bauxite; it also reduced Fe3+ to its easily migrating form Fe2+, moving downward to near the basal carbonate culminated in precipitating of ferruginous (FeS2, FeCO3, etc.) strata of the “coal–bauxite–iron” structure. Thus, the bauxitic materials experienced Al enrichment and Si and Fe removal under above certain hydrogeological conditions forming the high-quality bauxite. 相似文献
20.
The Mandan and Deh-now bauxite deposits are located 40 km northeast of the Dehdasht city in the Zagros simply fold belt. These deposits occur in eroded major NW–SE trending anticlines and occupy karst cavities near or at the boundary between the Sarvak and Ilam Formations. Local uplifts at the end of the Cenomanian and the mid-Turonian caused erosion and karstification of the Sarvak Formation. These unconformities in the Upper Cretaceous favoured the formation and enrichment of bauxite deposits in the Zagros fold belt. The bauxite sequence in the Mandan deposit consists of white, gray, black, pisolitic, red, and yellow bauxites. This sequence was repeated in the Deh-Now area, but without gray and black bauxites. The present mineralogical studies of the Sarvak Formation and the Mandan and Deh-now bauxite deposits indicate oxidizing to reducing conditions during the Upper Cretaceous in the Zagros fold belt, which had a significant effect on the compositions of the bauxites. At least two phases of bauxitization can be distinguished in the study area: (i) an oxidizing phase represented by boehmite, diaspore, hematite and kaolinite; and (ii) a reducing phase represented by pyrite and chlorite. Geochemical data show that trace elements, like Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Th, and U, were enriched during bauxitization. The bauxite deposits and carbonate rocks show similar REE patterns, namely they are enriched in REEs although the LREEs are more enriched than the HREEs. Mass change calculations demonstrate that Mg, Mn, Ca, K, and P2O5 were leached out of the weathered system whereas Al, Fe, and Si become concentrated in the residual system. This study indicates that the Mandan and Deh-now deposits are karst-type bauxites formed by karstification and weathering of the Sarvak Formation. 相似文献