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引言地理科学一直很重视人类“居住”的环境,由于地理学家对环境描述所用的方法不同,和他们对自然与社会之间关系上的见解不同,从而产生了不同观念。Pattison(1964)称这些观念为“传统观念”。实际上,“传统”还不是一个恰当的术语,因为地理学中的范例彼此并非按时间顺序排列的。这就会同时或多或少地对地理学的研究产生影响。从环境问题研究来看,“人地传统观念”即所谓“生态学方法”最为重要。环境关系的这种客观性一直影响着地理学思想。 相似文献
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地理学发展的战略方向探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
《了解正在变化的星球：地理科学的战略方向》是美国国家研究理事会最新的一部颇富创建性和前瞻性的研究报告,反映了地理学发展的集成研究战略方向.尽管受其任务和受众的影响,报告话语表现出过度重视技术和工具,但其提出的建设地理科学这一议题切中了当前地理学发展的战略方向,也在技术和工具这个“任务”方面尝试相应的建构工作,相伴的重要工作是给出了地理科学未来10 年的11 个优先研究领域.报告后来的评论则重新发掘并弥补了该报告的某些不足,说明了该报告“深度”的一面,尤其是地理科学的方法论问题.与该报告及其评论相比,中国建设地理科学的主张具有如下特点：① 学科体系庞大、层次分明、范畴严密;② “学科”与“任务”明显平衡;③ 有系统论和整体论的方法论;④ 初步显现深远的、连锁的影响.《了解正在变化的星球》及其评论,以及中国地理科学建设表明--跨学科的地理科学是地理学发展的战略方向：① 地理学正走向或走入集成研究的“大科学”阶段;② “学科”与“任务”平衡是地理学自身发展及应对了解正在变化的星球的必然要求;③ 未来地理科学建设应当是具有科学人文主义的学科体系、方法论、技术和工具的“三元”结构. 相似文献
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从空间的相互影响看地理学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、引言也许人文地理学在理论上的基本贡献可以用地点和位置的概念来概括。地点指局部的基本地域条件,由此可把地理学定义为“人与环境关系”的研究。位置指某一地域的各种影响,更确切地说就是一个区域同另一区域的各种现象的联系。因此,它的研究应该集中在区域之间的关系上,从而引出了象“流通”平“区域间的相互依赖”或者特殊情况下的“分散”与“集中”这些术语。 相似文献
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基于虚拟地理环境的数字黄河研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
虚拟地理环境是人类社会环境和自然环境在计算机三维虚拟空间的映射,是近20年来随着信息技术进步而迅速发展起来的研究领域。“原型黄河”、“模型黄河”、“数字黄河”则是基于地理信息系统、三维可视化技术、现代遥感遥测技术和虚拟地理环境技术的发展而提出来的。通过概述“数字黄河”的研究意义、研究方法,探讨了“数字黄河”研究需要解决的关键技术问题,包括自然环境中“原型黄河”各有机组成部分在虚拟地理环境中的表达及行为描述,自然环境和人类社会环境对黄河具有重要影响的因子之间相互作用的计算机表达。以“数字河道模型”为例详细论述了“数字黄河”的重要组成部分,如“数字河道模型”、“数字流域模型”、“数字水库模型”和“数字河口模型”在虚拟地理环境的表达。 相似文献
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水资源约束下西北干旱区河西走廊城市化发展模式 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：30
西北干旱区城市化进程受到水资源短缺及其用水结构不合理的双重约束。本文以甘肃河西走廊为例 ,针对河西走廊未来 30年总需水量阈值、经济总量阈值、总人口阈值和城市化水平阈值 ,认为最经济、最节水的城市化发展方针为禁止发展特大城市 ,有选择地培育一个大城市 ,积极发展中小城市 ,科学发展小城镇。据此提出了与水资源约束相适应的西北干旱区河西走廊城市化发展的 6种模式。即 :推行“产业移人”和“环境移民”为主、“人移产业”为辅的城市扩展模式 ;推行“分步到位”为主 ,“一步到位”为辅的城市生态移民模式 ;推行“退一进二”、“退乡进城”的城市用水转换模式 ;推行“节水量城”为主 ,“借水养市”为辅的节水型城市化模式 ;推行“稳粮兴草” ,“稳农强工” ,“活商旺城”的城市产业转换模式 ;推行“一核四极” ,“一轴三带”、“乡镇同兴”的“卅”字型城市空间推进模式 相似文献
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中国风水地理哲学基础与人地关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首先用辩证唯物主义哲学观考察了传统风水地理学,在对中国风水地理哲学批判的基础上,构建了从传统风水地理学走向现代风水地理学的模式图。《周易》中的“天人合一”观之所以奠定了传统风水地理学的哲学基础,它由“天人合一”思想的功能所决定。现代风水地理学实践赋予了“天人合一”新内涵,新“天人合一”的哲学思想对现代风水地理研究有着重要意义,“天人合一”观与“人地关系”密切相关。“人地关系”不仅是现代人文地理学研究的主题与核心,也是风水地理学研究的源头与核心。文章系统梳理了“人地关系”理论模式,为风水地理研究人地关系与实践奠定了坚实的理论基础,并指出,传统风水地理学含有大量迷信色彩和伪科学思想,必须进行哲学科学批判,必须进行革新,引入相关的现代科学理论、方法、技术,从定性研究走向实证研究,从传统风水地理学走向现代风水地理学。 相似文献
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中国工业化、城镇化已进入转型发展新阶段,创新驱动发展与体制机制约束的矛盾加剧,资源短缺性及其配置低效性日益凸显,“多规合一”受到各级政府和学术界的广泛关注。推进“多规合一”,创新区域规划理论与技术方法,构建中国特色的国土空间规划体系成为当前全面深化改革的重要议题之一。本文深入分析了中国“多规不一”现实问题,总结了“多规”矛盾的本质特征,探讨了“多规合一”的战略定位,构建了“三主三分”的“多规合一”基本理论框架,提出了“三步走”多规逐步调适的技术途径及其长效机制。“多规合一”的核心在于从区域空间优化的战略高度统筹协调各项规划,科学引导城乡土地优化配置,实现“多规”在空间上的同一性、在功能上的融合性、在发展过程中的协同性。“多规合一”的重点是推进形成一个总分有序、层级清晰、职能精准的区域规划体系。 相似文献
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本文试图陈述“边缘化”如何顺应关于“不平衡”、“空间与极化的增长”等多文献潮流首先,我们必须记住,可能在空间所表现的不平衡,并不一定是空间现象的本身,按安德森(Andrson,1983)等关于所谓工业衰退的“内城问题”的注解说:“这并不是……由于内城地点的原因而产生了问题,也不能从更广泛的社会过程中如普遍的经济危机不断变化的世界劳动分工等现象中,孤立地在本地区内寻求解决办法。” 相似文献
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Mark Leipnik Xinyue Ye Jose Serna James Strong Christopher Wilkins Ling Wu 《Geographical review》2016,106(2):312-330
Restrictions in the USA on registered sex offenders (RSOs) are examined from the spatial aspects. The long history of various restrictions imposed by government, particularly local ones, is covered in the introduction. Spatial aspects, such as delineation of zones from which certain activities or certain people are excluded is the focus. Then the nature of restrictions on RSOs is considered at the state, county and municipal level. Typical of restrictions are that RSOs are prohibited from moving into residence within a prescribed distance of certain features in a community. The distances are typically 1,000 feet but are quite variable. Typical proscribed venues are schools, parks and day care centers, but there can be many others such as bus stops. Spatial aspects of these restrictions, such as how offender locations are geocoded and represented and how proscribed venues are delineated is analyzed. Specific details and theoretical concerns related to the many problematic issues with RSO restrictions is presented. In particular questions of their constitutionality and efficacy are raised. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of RSO restrictions for the discipline of geography in general and for the evolution of increasingly precise methods of spatial analysis in particular. 相似文献
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Kathryn Besio 《Area》2003,35(1):24-33
This paper examines the transcultural relations between researchers and research subjects in a postcolonial research setting. I draw from my experience doing dissertation research in northern Pakistan to discuss how my research subjects' effectively constructed me as a sahib, or what I saw as a colonial subject position. I examine the ways that my research subjects and I co-constructed, although unequally, my position and location as a researcher. The asymmetries of power relations in research are exacerbated by postcolonial relations in this contact zone. The contribution of those I researched is significant towards understanding our locations as postcolonial subjects in this research setting, and the location from which I produced the research. While it was difficult to do research as anyone other than a sahib during my research, the stories I tell and metaphors I employ in this paper attempt to destabilize my location as a colonial sahib, an authority. The scatological references that run throughout this paper are an attempt to write against the inherently colonial epistemologies that underpin geographic research more generally. 相似文献
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地理学论文是地理学研究成果的重要体现形式,也是地理科技信息传递和存储的重要载体。如何将科研成果以论文形式较快地发表于影响力较大的科技期刊,让科研成果得到社会认可,是地理工作者最关心的问题。在分析地理学论文的潜在期刊类型及目标期刊的选择原则基础上,指出具有统一在线采编系统的期刊集群将成为发展趋势并极大地方便作者投稿。在分析了当前学术期刊同行评审形式及同行评审专家选择原则的基础上,从同行评审视角对论文写作过程中的选题创新性、研究方法、摘要、引言、讨论与结论、地理图表、参考文献等内容进行了探讨。最后,在分析同行审稿意见类型的基础上,将同行评审意见概括为修稿或退稿2种类型,针对性地提出作者应如何根据审稿意见进行论文修改并对审稿意见进行回复;对于退稿意见,也应该认真分析同行专家的评审意见,找出文章的问题所在,进行文章研究方法、研究内容等方面的全面修改或完善,在确定解决相关问题后再重新投稿。地理学论文是地理学研究成果的重要体现形式,也是地理科技信息传递和存储的重要载体。如何将科研成果以论文形式较快地发表于影响力较大的科技期刊,让科研成果得到社会认可,是地理工作者最关心的问题。在分析地理学论文的潜在期刊类型及目标期刊的选择原则基础上,指出具有统一在线采编系统的期刊集群将成为发展趋势并极大地方便作者投稿。在分析了当前学术期刊同行评审形式及同行评审专家选择原则的基础上,从同行评审视角对论文写作过程中的选题创新性、研究方法、摘要、引言、讨论与结论、地理图表、参考文献等内容进行了探讨。最后,在分析同行审稿意见类型的基础上,将同行评审意见概括为修稿或退稿2种类型,针对性地提出作者应如何根据审稿意见进行论文修改并对审稿意见进行回复;对于退稿意见,也应该认真分析同行专家的评审意见,找出文章的问题所在,进行文章研究方法、研究内容等方面的全面修改或完善,在确定解决相关问题后再重新投稿。 相似文献
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Organizing accountability: co-production of technoscientific and social worlds in a nanoscience laboratory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robert Doubleday 《Area》2007,39(2):166-175
Nanotechnology exemplifies the intensification of policy concerns both with relations between science and innovation, and with the public authority of scientific knowledge. This paper focuses on the negotiation of accountability by a nanoscience laboratory both to the state for public funds and to wider society for the social aspects of nanotechnology. This paper argues that geographical approaches can address questions of accountability by paying attention to the laboratory as a site for the co-production of scientific, technological and social orders. In particular, this paper focuses on how concepts of innovation and citizenship are configured through particular moments of laboratory accounting. 相似文献
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Sarah Moser 《Area》2008,40(3):383-392
Over the past two decades there has been much focus across the social sciences and humanities on issues of positionality. However, in this literature the related issue of personality has not been a consideration despite its profound ability to shape both the research process and product. This paper draws on the wide body of literature on positionality as well as the work of psychologists concerned with understanding personality and emotional intelligence. Through discussion of my fieldwork experiences in Indonesia, I will illustrate some of the limitations of how positionality has been discussed and make a case for further attention to be paid to how personality affects the process of field research and, by extension, the production of knowledge. 相似文献
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地理学的主要任务与研究方法——从整个科学体系的视角看地理科学的发展 总被引：21，自引：9，他引：12
所有科学的主要任务都是建立数学模型,如果地理学想要发展成为一门标准科学——而不是走"例外主义"的道路,根据简单的逻辑法则可以判断,地理学的主要任务也是建立数学模型。现代科学研究的方法包括数学理论、实验室实验和计算机模拟,其中数学方法和模拟实验必将是地理学研究的主要方法;至于实验室实验,可用调查取证进行有限度的补充。未来地理研究的数学规范化和定量分析主要借助后现代数学工具(分形几何学和混沌数学等),而模拟实验则需要倚重仿生数学理论和模型。 相似文献
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Peter E Hopkins 《Area》2007,39(4):528-535
Focus groups are now widely used by human geographers conducting qualitative research, and are clearly recognised as an established research method within the discipline. Despite this, there is a lack of discussion about the various methodological issues involved in using focus groups. This paper aims to open up discussion by suggesting that there is a need to think critically and creatively about using focus groups in human geography. I draw upon my experience of conducting focus groups with young Muslim men in order to suggest some of the ways in which human geographers might think critically about using focus groups. Some of the issues discussed include group size, location, context and timing, sensitivity of topic, the age of research participants and the positionalities of the researcher. 相似文献
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Elissa Sutherland 《The Australian geographer》2004,35(2):161-168
In this paper I reflect on some key methodological tensions that emerged during my PhD research. The research critically analyses the political struggles of outworking1 women from Chinese, Vietnamese and Cambodian backgrounds in Sydney, Australia, for minimum wages and a monitoring of ethical networks in the clothing industry from 1997 to 2002. Rather than present 'key findings' in this paper I instead reveal how I began to think more critically and in less absolute ways about reading the multiple voices of outworkers, NGO workers and my own voice as researcher, activist and English teacher. I drew insights from Bakhtin's dialogism for thinking about research as shaped by sets of conversations. In this paper I reflect on several 'in-the-field' interactions: organising interviews, interviewing outworkers through an interpreter, storytelling in a rights-based English class setting, and how I and other participants represented outworking women in different forums. Dialogism required I take seriously the concept that knowledges are socially constructed in very particular contexts and this led to a rejection of my earlier notion of a singular authentic voice for outworking women or for me as researcher. 相似文献
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Critical geography and the opening up of the academy: lessons from 'real life' attempts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Loretta Lees 《Area》1999,31(4):377-383
Summary Two 'real' attempts that have been made to engage geography with everyday struggles are considered in the light of the critical geography movement. First, my experiences of an anti-gentrification workshop at the Inaugural International Conference on Critical Geography in Vancouver, Canada. Second, my experiences in speaking about a research project 'outside' the academy, through the media. These attempts illustrate that geographers may be overestimating the particular expertise and experience that we bring to the table. Stepping out of our so-called 'ivory towers' is but the first step in what can only be called an educational journey. 相似文献