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为研究锈斑蟳幼体Charybdis feriatus发育,在实验室内孵化和培育锈斑蛹的幼体,并对锈斑蟳各期幼体进行观察.研究结果显示,锈斑蟳幼体发育共分两个阶段,分别为溞状幼体阶段和大眼幼体阶段.锈斑蟳整个幼体发育过程中共蜕皮7次,其中溞状幼体阶段蜕皮6次,大眼幼体阶段蜕皮1次.第1颚足和第2颚足外肢末端羽状刚毛数是进行溞状幼体分期的主要特征.第Ⅰ至Ⅵ期第1颚足外肢末端羽状刚毛数分别为4、6、8、9-10、13-14和15-16根;第2颚足外肢末端具羽状刚毛数分别为4、6、8、10-11、14-15和17-18根.在温度为28.5-29.5℃、盐度为30‰的培养条件下,锈斑蟳幼体发育时间(Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5和Z6分别表示溞状幼体的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ期):Z1、Z2各为2-3d;Z3、Z4、Z5各为3d;Z6为3-4d;大眼幼体为4-5d.幼体从破膜孵出到变态为Ⅰ期幼蟹共需要20-23d. 相似文献
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以细角滨对虾Litopenaeus stylirostris为实验对象,按时间顺序观察了胚胎各期的形态特征。通过解剖从无节幼体到仔虾第1天各期幼体的附肢,对其发育形态及其刚毛着生方式进行了描述和统计。比较研究了细角滨对虾和凡纳滨对虾L.vannamei无节幼体期形态差异以及色素的变化、溞状幼体期眼上棘形态的差异以及大颚齿数目。结果表明,无节幼体期细角滨对虾的色素明显多于凡纳滨对虾;两者溞状幼体期眼上棘的形态存在明显差异;两者在无节幼体至仔虾第1天各期大颚活动齿的数目变化一致。 相似文献
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于1990年6月—7月,用南京丰年虫无节幼体作饵料,在培养皿中对日本沼虾溞状幼体作单只培养,测定了各期溞状幼体(Z_1—Z_9)的日摄食量及总摄食量,并观察了饥饿条件下溞状幼体的生长与成活情况。实验表明,Z_1,Z_2阶段,不投饵并不影响其变态和成活率;但自Z_1孵出连续饥饿5d后,即使投饵,溞状幼体也不能正常蜕壳和成活;Z_3阶段是摄食量增加的突变期。南京丰年虫无节幼体是日本沼虾幼体的适口饵料,P_1育成率可达70％。 相似文献
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坚强芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾幼体变态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究比较了坚强芽孢杆菌Bacillus firmusZOU4菌株对数期细胞和孢子在不同加菌量、次数及不同幼体期加菌对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannam ei幼体无节Ⅲ期到溞状Ⅱ期变态的影响。结果表明,多次加入高数量对数期细胞或孢子对无节Ⅲ期到溞状Ⅱ期幼体变态具有极显著(p<0.01)促进作用,且对数期细胞效果明显高于孢子,溞状Ⅰ期之前比其后加菌效果更显著(p<0.05),但对无节Ⅲ期变态到溞状Ⅰ期影响不明显(p>0.05)。 相似文献
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中国对虾幼体和仔虾消化酶活力及氨基酸组成的研究 总被引：59，自引：1，他引：59
于1987年5月初在山东日照市涛雒对虾育苗场采集中国对虾虾苗;成虾于1986年春、秋两季取自青岛胶州湾水域的网捕成虾。以酶学分析方法作试验。结果表明,1.虾苗酶活力结果为:类胰蛋白酶及胃蛋白酶的活性有差异,溞状幼体期<糠虾幼体期<仔虾期;酶活性随着生长发育而增高,类咦蛋白酶活性比胃蛋白酶高4倍左右。淀粉酶的活性是溞状幼体期>糠虾幼体期>仔虾期;纤维素酶活力极微;淀粉酶活性是纤维素酶的6—13倍左右。育苗期几种消化酶的活性均远远低于成虾。2,育苗期幼虾的氨基酸含量,随着生长发育而增高,在各期,氨基酸总和的差别是:溞状幼体期<糠虾幼体期<仔虾期。 相似文献
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光照对凡纳滨对虾幼体变态发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解光照对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼体发育和存活率的影响,作者在研究中设定了4种单色光(红、黄、蓝、绿光)及不同光照强度(0、1 500、5 500、12 000 lx)进行实验并就光照对幼体产生的影响进行分析。实验表明:4种单色光对幼体发育变态时间和成活率都有较大影响。幼体从ZⅠ变态发育至仔虾P1,蓝光的幼体发育时间最长,为262.83 h,比对照组多28 h;黄光存活率最低,只有14.49%,比对照组低25.00%,差异显著(P0.05)。同时,凡纳滨对虾幼体在不同的发育阶段对不同光色的敏感度不同,红光和黄光只对溞状幼体变态有较明显的抑制作用,但对糠虾幼体的发育却有促进作用;蓝光和绿光对整个发育阶段都有影响。光照强度对幼体的存活和变态影响差异显著(P0.05)。幼体从ZⅠ发育至P1,12 000 lx光照下幼体变态发育耗时最长(257.33 h),存活率最低(1.63%)。在溞状幼体期,光照大于1 500 lx时,幼体的变态时间增加,存活率下降。糠虾幼体期可适应光照在5 500 lx以下的环境,而仔虾期则可适应120 000 lx的光照。建议根据不同发育阶段调整光照强度,当幼体在ZⅠ时,光强应控制在1 500 lx以下,之后可逐渐增强。本实验结果可为凡纳滨对虾育苗期间的光照管理提供基础数据和理论依据。 相似文献
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通过观察不同饥饿胁迫处理对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)溞状Ⅰ期幼体变态和发育的影响,研究了其"营养储存饱和点"(the point of reserve saturation,PRS)和"不可恢复点"(the point of no return,PNR)现象的发生情况.结果表明:以轮虫为饵料,三疣梭子蟹溞状Ⅰ期幼体(ZⅠ)在前期投喂后期饥饿的条件下,随着前期摄食时间的增加,幼体变态率和发育速度呈上升趋势,50%营养储存饱和点(PRS50)出现在47.5 h,100%营养储存饱和点(PRS100)出现在72 h;在前期饥饿后期投喂的条件下,随着前期饥饿时间的增加,幼体变态率和发育速度呈下降趋势,50%不可恢复点(PNR50)出现在39 h,100%不可恢复点(PNR100)出现在56 h. 相似文献
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为了建立新的防治重金属离子对中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)人工育苗阶段危害的方法和进一步明确防治时机,本文研究了铜、锌、铅、镉离子对中国对虾各期幼体变态的影响,并比较了两种消除方法的效果.结果表明,与原海水对照,铜、锌、铅、镉4种离子的加入浓度各为15μg/dm3时,无节幼体的变态率显著(0.0250.1);糠虾幼体的变态率反而显著提高(P<0.005).幼体对重金属离子的敏感性为无节幼体>溞状幼体>糠虾幼体>仔虾.植物饵料对重金属离子有络合作用,可降低其毒性.采用EDTA螯合法和高分子吸附剂去除法均可消除其影响,两者之间无显著差异.高浓度的EDTA有害于幼体,10μg/cm3以下为安全浓度.初步观察到低浓度的铜、锌离子似乎对溞状幼体阶段有益.建议在一般海域进行对虾育苗,在溞状幼体以后阶段,不必采取消除重金属离子影响的措施. 相似文献
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饵料影响锯缘青蟹幼体干重及化学元素(C、H、N)含量的实验研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
对喂食不同饵料的锯缘青蟹各期幼体的干重及化学元素(C、H、N)含量进行逐日测定,结果表明:在Ⅱ期,一直喂食轮虫的青蟹幼体,其干重及C、H、N含量与从该期起以卤虫无节幼体替代轮虫喂养的幼体相比较,二者相差不大;但进入Ⅲ后,却明显低于在溞Ⅱ或溞Ⅲ以卤虫无节幼体替代轮虫喂养的幼体;且差距随幼体发育不断地增大,至变态为大眼幼体时,其干重及C、H、N含量仅为在溞Ⅱ或溞Ⅲ起改喂卤虫的60%～70%.虽然不同喂食条件的青蟹幼体其C、H、N绝对含量相差很大,但其各自占干重的百分比却相对稳定,一直喂食轮虫的幼体只稍低。元素比与喂食条件无明显关系。青蟹溞状幼体各发育期间的生长呈指数式,期内生长呈幂函数式。大眼幼体期内的生长亦呈幂函数式。 相似文献
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本文报导了以海捕日本对虾进行人工越冬,然后切除雌虾单侧眼柄,投喂优质饵料,控制适当的生态条件,通过精心的管理,促进日本对虾性腺成熟并培育出虾苗的试验过程。日本对虾越冬成活率为93.3％,性腺促熟率为86.6％,交配率为75.9％。眼柄切除后12天即进入产卵高峰,出苗量为9.6万尾/m~3,无节幼体到仔虾成活率为69.0％,育出日本对虾苗量145.5万尾。 相似文献
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Results of a three-year survey of the occurrence of Callinectes sapidus larvae in the mouth of Delaware Bay indicated that stage I zoea larvae were most abundant insurface water as compared to mid-depths and near bottom. The major peak in abundance of stage I zoea larvae occurred in early August with a secondary peak in early September. Peaks in abundance of megalopae occurred five weeks after the respective peaks in zoeal abundance. Zoea stages II–VIII were not collected in the bay mouth. Results of sampling every 3 h over consecutive tidal cycles showed that stage I zoea larvae were most common in the water column on ebbing tidal currents. Megalopae were most common in the water column on flooding tidal currents, suggesting a tidally related, vertical migration. It was concluded that stage I zoea larvae are flushed from the estuary and undergo development on the continental shelf. Megalopae are then transported back to inshore waters by a combination of winds and currents and invade the estuary by means of migration into the water column on flooding tidal currents and migration to the bottom on ebbing tidal currents. 相似文献
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中华绒螯蟹人工半咸水工厂化育苗试验研究报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在盐度为14—19‰的人工海水中,温度20—25℃条件下,189只平均体重100g的抱卵亲蟹产蚤状幼体4025万只。布苗密度为50—100万只/m~3为宜。必须经常换水,保持水质良好。人工饵料以单胞藻和丰年虫无节幼体为主,可适当加喂蛋黄。 相似文献
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The life cycle of the semiterrestrial mangrove crab Ucides cordatus includes pelagic larvae that are released into estuarine waters during the wet season and who may thus encounter potentially stressful low and variable salinity conditions. The effect of salinity on the survival of the zoea larvae, the number of zoeal stages and the duration of development from hatching to megalopa was experimentally studied by rearing larvae from the Caeté estuary, Northern Brazil, in seven salinity treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30). For a better interpretation of the laboratory results, estuarine salinities were measured over five consecutive years during the species' reproductive season. The survival of the zoea larvae varied significantly with salinity, while the number of stages and the duration of their development remained constant. Development to megalopa took 20.77 ± 1.57 days and comprised five zoeal stages with ZI and ZII being euryhaline and later stages stenohaline. The newly hatched larvae stayed alive for up to 6 days in freshwater (average 4.32 ± 0.82 days), but did not moult to the second zoeal stage. ZII larvae first occurred from salinity 5 onwards and later zoeal stages at all tested salinities ≥10. However, the larvae only survived to megalopa at salinities ≥15, with highest numbers at salinity 30 (72%) and lowest at 15 (16%). Lethal salinities ≤10 occurred frequently in the estuary during the reproductive season. This suggests a need for larval export to offshore and thus more saline waters to allow for significant larval survival and maintenance of viable populations of this commercially important species. A regional rather than local approach for management is suggested due to the likelihood of long distance larval dispersal by offshore currents. 相似文献
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饵料密度对花鲈仔鱼生长和存活的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
于2001年12月，在集美大学水产试验场，测定了不同的轮虫密度培育的花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)仔鱼的摄食量、生长、存活率和耐饥饿能力。结果表明。饵料密度对花鲈仔鱼的摄食、生长和存活均有较大的影响。在轮虫密度为10个/mL的条件下,仔鱼的摄食量较大、生长最快、存活率最高、耐饥饿能力较强。当轮虫密度为20个／mL时,花鲈仔鱼的存活率降低、耐饥饿能力下降。当轮虫密度低于5个／mL,随着轮虫密度的降低。仔鱼摄食量下降、生长变慢、存活率降低、耐饥饿能力下降。 相似文献
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THIRUNAVUKKARASU Muralisankar PERIYAKALI Saravana Bhavan SUBRAMANIAN Radhakrishnan PERUMAL Santhanam 《海洋湖沼学报（英文）》2019,(1):290-299
A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the ef fects of bulk zinc(B-Zn) and zinc nanoparticles(Zn-NPs) on survival, growth, compositions of amino acid and fatty acid, and nonspeci?c immune responses of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae. The B-Zn(size 10 μm)and Zn-NPs(size 50 nm) were supplemented separately with the basal feeds of M. rosenbergii at 60 mg/kg and feed without supplementation of any Zn source was served as a control. M. rosenbergii were fed these feeds for 90 days and the results showed that signi?cant( P <0.05) improvements in survival, growth, feed intake,speci?c growth rate, essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, nonspeci?c immune responses(total haemocytes and dif ferential haemocytes count) of M. rosenbergii fed with B-Zn and Zn-NPs supplemented feeds when compared to control. Among these Zn sources, Zn-NPs supplemented feeds fed prawns showed signi?cantly( P <0.05) better performance than that of B-Zn and control. Hence, present study suggests that the 60 mg/kg Zn-NPs can be supplemented with basal feeds of M. rosenbergii for regulating better survival and growth. 相似文献