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1.
构造样式为盆内各类构造组合的几何形态表达,反映了盆地所处应力场性质变化与构造演化过程。本文基于近5年来针对东海陆架盆地所取得的地震资料解释成果,并综合盆地构造演化特征及其地球动力学背景,对盆地内中生界构造样式进行了系统的分类与总结,详细划分为5类构造样式:伸展构造样式、挤压构造样式、走滑构造样式、反转构造样式和底辟构造样式,并进一步细化为12种构造组合。同时,对东海陆架盆地内西部坳陷、中部低隆起、东部坳陷3个构造单元内的中生界构造样式发育情况分别进行了总结,各类构造样式自西至东具有各异的展布特征。综合盆内中生界构造样式几何学特点与展布特征可见,由于伊佐奈歧板块的俯冲、碰撞作用,区内处于挤压构造环境,进而形成了挤压背斜、断背斜、正反转等构造组合;大洋板块的后退翻卷及板块碰撞、俯冲的远程效应下,区内构造环境以伸展作用为主,形成了一系列NNE向裂陷盆地,发育了丰富的伸展构造组合;走滑-拉分构造的发育较好体现了构造环境的转变,地震剖面上见有花状断裂发育;岩浆底辟构造多发育于拉张环境下,与断裂展布息息相关,多沿NE-NNE向断裂展布。此外,新生代多期构造运动是影响中生界构造样式发育展布的重要因素。 相似文献
2.
The Goliat field consists of Middle to Late Triassic reservoirs which exploit an elongate anticline (the Goliat anticline) in the hanging wall of the Troms-Finnmark Fault Complex (TFFC), offshore Norway. The area is affected by a dense network of multiple trending fault populations which historically have inhibited seismic resolution owing to persistent fault shadow. Seismic investigations utilising a multi-azimuth three-dimensional survey (EN0901) allow much crisper delineation of seismic features previously unattainable by vintage single-azimuth surveys. Three dominant fault populations are identified in the area, two of which parallel TFFC segments, the Alke–Goliat (WSW–ENE) and the Goliat–Tornerose (NNE–SSW) segments. The Goliat field is located within a zone of intersection between both segments. A third E–W trending fault population, the Hammerfest Regional population, is likely influenced by the offshore extension of the Trollfjord-Komagelv Fault Complex (TKFZ). A local NW–SE trending fault population, the Goliat Central, affects the Goliat anticline and partitions Alke–Goliat and Goliat–Tornerose subsidiary faults resulting in curvilinear traces. Several cross-cutting relationships between fault populations are observed and may provide fluid compartmentalisation in the reservoirs. Compilation of regional transects and the EN0901 survey provides new insight into the evolution of the Goliat anticline which is underlain by a fault-bound basement terrace that became established in the Late Palaeozoic. The structure is interpreted to have formed due to vertical segmentation of the TFFC and cores the overlying broad anticline. The western limb of the Goliat anticline likely formed by differential compaction, whereas the eastern limb is primarily a result of hanging wall roll-over linked to variable listric to ramp-flat-ramp fault geometry. Rifting took place in the Palaeozoic (Carboniferous to Permian?), and in the Mesozoic, possibly as early as the Late Triassic, with a major event in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. Minor reactivations continued into the Late Cretaceous, and possibly the Early Cenozoic. Mesozoic syn-kinematic geometries in the hanging wall of the Goliat–Tornerose TFFC segment are consistent with deposition during up section propagation of a blind fault, over which, a monocline was established and later breached. Jogs (abrupt orientation changes) in fault traces, transverse folds (associated with displacement maxima/minima) and vertical fault jogs suggest the TFFC existed as a greater number of segments prior to amalgamation during the Late Triassic to Jurassic. A phase of Barremian inversion created local compression structures above blind extensional faults, and deeper seated buttressing against large faults. Polygonal faults affect the Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic successions. 相似文献
3.
The Dezful Embayment is the most important fertile oil province of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt. It includes several incompetent strata as basal and intermediate décollement levels that play a significant role on the structural styles and hydrocarbon preservation. Based on the interpretation of seismic profiles, the influence of the Gachsaran Formation and the evaporitic Kalhur Member of the Asmari Formation on the geometry of deformation was investigated in different parts of the Dezful Embayment. Obtained results revealed that the thickness of the incompetent strata plays a crucial role in the formation and geometry of different types of fold structures (e.g. rounded, box, chevron, detachment fold) in the Dezful Embayment. There is a sharp difference between the geometry of surface and deep-seated structures due to the existence of thick intermediate décollements (e.g. Gachsaran and Kalhur) in the Dezful Embayment. Therefore, fault geometry and fold styles in upper and lower parts of these décollements are totally different. In addition, these incompetent strata act as a barrier level against the propagation of deep-seated faults into the overlying layers. Therefore, it seems that most of the faults exposed on the surface have originated from the upper décollement levels in the study area. 相似文献
4.
济阳坳陷桩海地区的古潜山断裂 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
桩海地区位于渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷北部,由于其处于多个潜山的结合带,有些部位研究力度不够。利用大量最新地震剖面和钻井资料,绘制出该区古生界及中生界沉积残留厚度图,分析了12条断裂的构造特征及其演化。这12条断裂控制了研究区古潜山的构造格局,并对潜山储集性能起着良好的改造作用,使储层沿断裂呈带状分布。桩海地区的构造演化大致经历了印支-早燕山期、晚燕山期和喜山期3个阶段,并于喜山期定型。通过分析认为桩海地区断层多为变换断层,NE向断裂下降盘的古潜山没有油气,而上升盘一侧的构造高点有较好的油气藏,内幕构造圈闭和岩性油气藏也有广阔的前景。 相似文献
5.
渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断裂控藏特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南堡凹陷为渤海湾盆地的一个新生代富生烃凹陷,内部断层十分发育,大量的油气藏都围绕断裂分布。根据断裂平面及剖面组合特征,断裂平面组合样式可分为4种：平行状、交织状、梳状和帚状;剖面组合分为3种：复“y”形组合、花状组合及阶梯式组合。根据断裂、砂体及油气藏的分布特征,发现二级和三级生长断层凹面储集厚度较大、且砂体孔渗性较好,是油气运移的主要方向。反向旋转断层组合的断层下盘和同向旋转断层组合的断层上盘是油气聚集的有利部位。但由于断层带的分带性,上诱导裂缝带相对下诱导裂缝带渗透性好。上诱导裂缝带利于油气运移,下诱导裂缝带利于封堵油气,油气的最有利聚集部位为反向旋转断层组合的下盘。 相似文献
6.
珠江口盆地中新生代主要断裂特征和动力背景分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
对新处理及新采集的地质地球物理资料进行综合分析,结合前人研究成果,编制了中生代和新生代珠江口盆地主要断裂图,讨论了主要断裂的存在证据、展布形态、活动性质以及它们与盆地各级构造发育的关系等基本特征,并初步分析了它们形成演化的地球动力学背景。珠江口盆地断裂主要由NEE向和NW向断裂组组成,其次为NWW向断裂组和NE向断裂组。中生代西太平洋俯冲带呈NESW向穿过南海东北部,相伴的有NE向火山弧、弧前盆地等压性构造和NW向左行走滑断裂,构成左行压扭体系。晚白垩纪至新生代NEE及NWW向断裂带控制了大规模张裂和沉积盆地的形成,又被NW向断裂带错切,形成了南北分带、东西分块的构造格局,显示了右行张扭应力场特征。 相似文献
7.
北黄海盆地位于华北地台东南部,北为辽东隆起,东为朝鲜北部地块,包括6个彼此分割的二级构造单元。北黄海西部坳陷位于盆地西部,构造较复杂,发育5条主要断层及一些次级断层,具有拉张、扭动、反转等3种构造样式,以拉张正断层为主。其形成演化与北黄海盆地的构造演化史密切相关,经历了从中生代到新生代的多期演化,包括中生代断陷、古近纪叠加断陷、新近纪拗陷等3个主要演化阶段。 相似文献
8.
9.
The structure and formation of diapirs in the Yinggehai-Song Hong Basin, South China Sea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Chao Lei Jianye RenPeter D. Clift Zhenfeng WangXusheng Li Chuanxin Tong 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(5):980-991
The occurrence of shale diapirs in the Yinggehai-Song Hong (YGH-SH) Basin is well documented, as is their association with big petroleum fields. In order to better understand how and why the diapirs form we performed a detailed geophysical analysis using a new regional compilation of high-resolution two- and three-dimensional seismic reflection data, as well as drilling data that cover the diapirs in YGH-SH Basin. As many as 18 diapirs were identified and are arranged in six N-S-striking vertical en échelon zones. On seismic reflection sections gas chimney structures, diapiric faults and palaeo-craters are genetically linked with the process of diapirism. Here we use geophysical and geological observations to propose a three-stage model for diapirism: initiation, emplacement, and collapse. During these three stages, different diapiric structure styles are formed, which we describe in detail. These include buried diapirs, piercing diapirs and collapsed diapirs. We link the diapirism to activity on the offshore continuation of the Red River Fault, as shown on our high-resolution seismic reflection data, which is also related to a high paleogeothermal gradient caused by crustal thinning. We also recognize the role of loading by the very large volume of sediment eroded from the edges of the Tibetan Plateau and delivered by the Red River to the basin. 相似文献
10.
丽水—椒江凹陷是一个中新生代断陷盆地,断裂构造组成了盆地内的主要构造样式。通过对区域断层剖面组合和平面展布特征的研究,识别出8种类型的断层剖面组合形式,在平面上划分了12个断裂系统区。总体来说本区构造具有东西分带、南北分块的特征,即断裂系统沿北东—南西方向成条带状分布,凹陷南部以地堑式组合为主,北部以地垒式为主。区域断裂系统的演变显示凹陷南北基底基岩存在差异,而且基底发育北西—南东向的断层,从而导致凹陷南部构造活动较北部强。 相似文献
11.
珠江口盆地珠三坳陷层序地层样式分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
珠江口盆地珠三坳陷是一个典型的箕状断陷盆地,其层序地层格架受到主干断裂特别是珠三南断裂的强烈控制。由于珠三南断裂活动的差异性,盆地东部、中部和西部表现为不同的格架样式。并据此划分出坳陷内的3种典型层序样式,分别是缓坡型、断控陡坡型和断阶型层序样式。文昌A凹陷与阳江低凸起过渡的斜坡区和文昌B凹陷与琼海低凸起过渡区为具有坡折的缓坡背景,发育缓坡坡折型层序样式,发育斜坡扇、盆底扇、低位楔。珠三南断裂等主干断裂下降盘发育断控陡坡带层序样式,在珠三南断裂中部地区,发育断阶型层序样式。 相似文献
12.
Jiahao Wang Xiong Pang Daqing Tang Baojun Liu Donghao Xu 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2013,34(3-4):195-207
The Baiyun Sag, situated at the north continental slope of the South China Sea, is a main sub-unit in the Southern Depression Belt of the Pearl River Mouth Basin. In this Sag, the middle Eocene Wenchang and upper Eocene–lower Oligocene Enping Formations had developed in the evolution stage of continental faulted basin. Seismic stratigraphic sequences and fault structures revealed that the Baiyun Sag was short of long-reaching boundary faults, and that it was a rifted basin greatly influenced by basement faults rather than a typical half-graben. Different from the sags in Northern Depression Belt of the Pearl River Mouth Basin which controlled by large-scale NEE-strike faults, the Baiyun Sag had been controlled by two groups of NWW-strike en echelon fault belts with approximate opposite dips, which developed in the southwest and northeast of this Sag respectively and had played the roles of boundary faults. These en echelon faults, together with narrow synclines, partial flower structures and fluid diapirs, indicated the left-lateral transtensional activities, which had resulted in subsidence center departing to main faults and stretching S-shaped. Moreover, the en echelon faults had constructed many composite transfer zones of relay ramps, and controlled the distribution of sandbodies. The en echelon fault belts are located in accordance with Nw-striking Mesozoic basement faults. Hence the left-lateral transtensional activities were responsible for the Western Pacific Plate subducting and strike slip reactivation of the basement faults. Significantly, NW-striking basement faults had forcefully determined the development of not only the Baiyun Sag but also the Xingning Sag. 相似文献
13.
J. Acosta E. Uchupi A. Muñoz P. Herranz C. Palomo M. Ballesteros 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2003,24(1-2):41-57
Circular to elliptical mounds in the Canary Channel with reliefs of 75 to 375 m and diameters of 4 to 8 km partially surrounded by moats with reliefs of 25 to 75 m, were formed by piercement of the seafloor by Mesozoic evaporites. Several long gullies, < 1km wide, with abrupt terminations and pockmarks associated with these mounds were probably eroded by dense brine and hydrocarbon seeps. The salt brines that eroded the gullies were formed where salt diapirs intersect the seafloor, or in the subsurface by circulating ground water heated by igneous activity along the Canary Ridge. If the brines originated in the subsurface they reached the seafloor along faults. Displacement of the surficial sediments by sliding and creep is probably the result of the expulsion of hydrocarbons and/or vertical motion of the Mesozoic evaporites. Microtopographic features along or near the east flank of the Canary Ridge are the creation of uplift of the ridge, hydrothermal activity, mass wasting processes and turbidity currents. 相似文献
14.
莱州湾凹陷位于渤海南部海域,为中生界基底之上发育的新生代半地堑.郯庐断裂带分东西两支穿过莱州湾凹陷东部,在新生代盖层中表现出渤海最复杂最典型的为NNE向的右旋走滑断裂特征.其中东支断裂在渐新世以后活动强烈,发育多条NNE向走滑断层及NE向伴生断层组成的复杂断裂带.走滑断裂带内断层展布符合右旋单剪作用下的脆性走滑剪切模式,地震方差切片存在右旋运动拖拽断裂证据.通过对主断裂活动期次分析表明,研究区主要有三期大的构造活动,同时形成了三期构造反转.应力分布的局域性导致了形变特征的差异性,产生了褶皱、挤压反转、掀斜断块、花状构造等典型的构造类型.研究区首次利用三维地震资料对本区构造特征进行了分析,研究认为走滑活动形成了良好的构造背景、优越的油源及运移等成藏条件,具有较大的油气勘探潜力. 相似文献
15.
Rifting of continental margins is generally diachronous along the zones where continents break due to various factors including the boundary conditions which trigger the extensional forces, but also the internal physical boundaries which are inherent to the composition and thus the geological history of the continental margin. Being opened quite recently in the Tertiary in a scissor-shape manner, the South China Sea (SCS) offers an image of the rifting structures which varies along strike the basin margins. The SCS has a long history of extension, which dates back from the Late Cretaceous, and allows us to observe an early stretching on the northern margin onshore and offshore South China, with large low angle faults which detach the Mesozoic sediments either over Triassic to Early Cretaceous granites, or along the short limbs of broad folds affecting Palaeozoic to Early Cretaceous series. These early faults create narrow troughs filled with coarse polygenic conglomerate grading upward to coarse sandstone. Because these low-angle faults reactivate older trends, they vary in geometry according to the direction of the folds or the granite boundaries. A later set of faults, characterized by generally E–W low and high angle normal faults was dominant during the Eocene. Associated half-graben basement deepened as the basins were filling with continental or very shallow marine sediments. This subsequent direction is well expressed both in the north and the SW of the South China Sea and often reactivated earlier detachments. At places, the intersection of these two fault sets resulting in extreme stretching with crustal boudinage and mantle exhumation such as in the Phu Khanh Basin East of the Vietnam fault. A third direction of faults, which rarely reactivates the detachments is NE–SW and well developed near the oceanic crust in the southern and southwestern part of the basin. This direction which intersects the previous ones was active although sea floor spreading was largely developed in the northern part, and ended by the Late Miocene after the onset of the regional Mid Miocene unconformity known as MMU and dated around 15.5 Ma. Latest Miocene is marked by a regional basement drop and localized normal faults on the shelf closer to the coast. The SE margin of the South China Sea does not show the extensional features as well as the Northern margin. Detachments are common in the Dangerous Grounds and Reed Bank area and may occasionally lead to mantle exhumation. The sedimentary environment on the extended crust remained shallow all along the rifting and a large part of the spreading until the Late Miocene, when it suddenly deepened. This period also corresponds to the cessation of the shortening of the NW Borneo wedge in Palawan, Sabah, and Sarawak. We correlate the variation of margin structure and composition of the margin; mainly the occurrence of granitic batholiths and Mesozoic broad folds, with the location of the detachments and major normal faults which condition the style of rifting, the crustal boudinage and therefore the crustal thickness. 相似文献
16.
From outcrops located in Provence (South-East France), we describe the distribution, the microstructures, and the petrophysical properties of deformation band networks related to both contractional and extensional tectonic events. In contraction, pervasively distributed networks of reverse-sense compactional shear bands are observed in all folded sand units of the foreland, whereas localized networks of clustered reverse-sense shear bands are only observed close to a large-scale thrust. In extensional setting, networks of clustered normal-sense shear bands are generally observed adjacent to map-scale faults (100 m–10 km scale), although some randomly distributed bands are also observed between these faults. Normal-sense cataclastic faults, i.e. zone of deformation bands containing a localized slip-surface, are also observed to be restricted to sand units, suggesting that faults initiated in the sands during extension, but not during contraction. Shear bands and faults show cataclastic microstructures with high-permeability reduction whereas compactional shear bands show crush microbreccia or protocataclastic microstructures with moderate permeability reduction. This basin-scale analysis underlines the major role of tectonic settings (thrust-fault versus normal-fault andersonian-stress regime) and the influence of inherited large-scale faults on the formation/localization of low-permeability shear bands. We also provide a geometrical analysis of the band network properties (spacing, thickness, shear/compaction ratio, degree of cataclasis, petrophysical properties) with respect to the median grain size, porosity and grain sorting of host sand. This analysis suggests that grain size, although less important than stress-state conditions and the presence of large-scale faults, has a non-negligible effect on band network geometry. No correlations are observed between the grain sorting, porosity and band network geometry. 相似文献
17.
《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,36(1):41-54
Passive margins such as the Gulf of Mexico are characterized by two distinct styles of faulting. Homogenous sand/shale packages in offshore Texas mostly display basinward-dipping listric normal faults with associated rollover structures cut by synthetic and antithetic faults. The fault traces are generally long and show a linear trend. Stratigraphic packages with a ductile substratum (salt) in offshore Louisiana are characterized by basinward and landward-dipping, short arcuate faults detaching within the salt. The structures consist of a series of half-grabens, with the movement of salt from the front to the back of each fault block. Clay experimental models are used to study the controls of fault geometries in the two structural styles and their interaction to form complex transfer zones. The surface of the clay cake is laser-scanned to enable 3D visualization and accurate measurements of structures. The results suggest that within homogeneous sand-shale packages, the dips of the faults and their locations are primarily dependent on the direction of the drop down of the basal detachment along pre-existing discontinuities, with the slope of the basal discontinuity and the direction of extension providing secondary controls. On the other hand, the dips of fault systems in packages underlain by a ductile substratum are primarily controlled by the slope of the basal detachment. Therefore, the more common regional Roho systems typically form above salt sheets with initial basinward slopes, whereas counter-regional fault systems form above salt sheets with initial landward slopes. The direction of extension and the presence of small pre-existing discontinuities impart only secondary controls when ductile basal units are involved. The faults initiate at the head of ductile layer and propagate downslope. Complex transfer zones develop at the boundary of the ductile substratum due to interference between the two fault styles. 相似文献
18.
渤海的地质演化与断裂活动 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李延成 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1993,13(2):25-34
本文将渤海的地质演化分为:前中生代、中生代和新生代三大时期,并论述各个时期的构造特征和地层分布。渤海的断裂系统主要有北北东—北东、近东西和北西向三组,每组断裂既有其各自的发生、发展规率,同时彼此之间又有一定的关联。 相似文献
19.
The pre-Cretaceous basin evolution of the Feda Graben area in the vicinity of the Norwegian-Danish basin has been reconstructed utilizing geological and structural interpretation. The analysis reveals that the basin was faulted at its borders prior to the salt deposition in the Late Permian. Salt movement was initiated in Late Triassic and thick Triassic and Lower Jurassic pods were deposited in the graben area due to this movement. Salt pillows were developing along the Feda Graben bordering faults until Middle Jurassic when the pillows were collapsed. Salt diapirs within the study area preferentially occupy the crest of the Feda Graben and their occurrence is controlled by the underlying faulted topography. The diapirs were fed by salt from the central and southern parts of the basin and were developed by different processes i.e. upbuilding, downbuilding. Various raft structures were developed in the graben area hanging wall while some uplift occurred in the footwall during Mesozoic rifting. The Feda Graben area experienced rifting from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The most pronounced subsidence episode related with this rifting in the Feda Graben area took place along the eastern bounding Gert Fault. The Mesozoic rifting event is marked by a major unconformity on the seismic sections throughout the study area. Furthermore, the region experienced basin inversion in Late Cretaceous. The effects of inversion are more pronounced in the western part and along the Gert Fault. The inversion phenomenon can be properly understood only when considered together with the geometry of the Late Jurassic half-graben. Due to some inconsistencies in the previously proposed models for the development of the Feda Graben, a new conceptual model has been constructed. 相似文献
20.
苏北盐城凹陷复合含油气系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
苏北盐城凹陷含油气系统可划分为上、下2个复合含油气系统。上复合含油气系统，即Pz、K2p、K2t(生)-K2t、E1f1(储)一E1f1 E1f2(盖)，古生界、中生界浦口组和泰州组为烃源岩层，泰州组和阜宁组一段为储集层，阜宁组一段顶部至二段暗色泥岩为区域盖层，油气沿深大断裂运移，油气成藏关键时刻在古近纪晚期至新近纪早期，有利勘探区在深大断裂附近的中、新生界发育地区；下复合含油气系统，即Pz、K2p(生)-Pz、K2p(储)-K2p3 K2p4(盖)，油气通过断层或不整合运移，油气大量生成的关键时刻为古近纪早期，该系统中气藏分布在古生界被中生界覆盖地区。 相似文献