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1.
冻土的强度随围压的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,通过修正子午面内q-p曲线的斜率M*来探讨冻土强度变化规律。基于摩尔圆和包络线定理,推导了冻土内摩擦角随平均正应力的变化规律。假定偏应力的大小采用Mohr-Coulomb和Von-Mises强度准则的组合形式表示,将内摩擦角引入到偏平面中获得了偏平面内的强度准则。在不同温度（-6、-10、-15 ℃）和0.3～15.0 MPa围压下对冻结粉土进行了一系列低温三轴压缩试验,根据试验结果确定了子午面和偏平面的相关强度参数。结果表明：（1）子午面内的强度准则能较好模拟冻土在低围压下的强化效应和高围压下的弱化效应;（2）内摩擦角随平均正应力增大呈先增大后减小的趋势;（3）随控制参数s的增加,在偏平面内偏应力由Mohr-Coulomb包络线逐渐向Von-Mises包络线转化,其形状大小与极限强度值呈一一对应关系。最后通过试验结果与已有的强度准则对比表明：修正的强度准则具有一定的适用性。 相似文献
2.
对含盐冻结粉质砂土进行温度-2 ℃、-4 ℃、-6 ℃和围压0.3~16 MPa的三轴强度试验. 结果表明: 含盐冻结粉质砂土应力-应变曲线在低围压和高围压表现为应变软化特征, 中围压为理想塑性变形特性; 随着围压的增大, 强度先增加后减小. 在围压小范围内得到广义黏聚力和广义内摩擦角, 并得到广义黏聚力和广义内摩擦角随围压和温度的变化规律; 同时, 针对强度随围压的变化, 提出非线性强度准则. 相似文献
3.
高围压下冻土强度弱化的机理分析 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
围压作用下,影响冻结砂土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融,矿物颗粒细化的微裂隙的发育。影响冻结粉质粘土强度弱化的主要原因是孔隙冰的压融和微裂隙的发育,这些过程是不独立存在的,而是共同影响,共同作用,从而导致了冻土强度的弱化。 相似文献
4.
Frozen soil is generally regarded as a strongly rheological geomaterial. The strength attenuation of frozen soil is an important inducement for disease and instability in subgrade engineering, pile engineering and artificial freezing construction. Few efforts have been made to investigate the attenuation characteristics of strength envelope surface for frozen soil under complex stress states experimentally and theoretically. Considering this, at a temperature of -6 ℃, a series of triaxial stress relaxation tests under various confining pressures were carried out on the frozen subgrade soil specimens at strength points. The degeneration of strength parameters and stress attenuation process of frozen soil under complex stress states were systematically studied. The degradation law and mechanism of cohesion and internal friction angle are synchronously revealed in the stress relaxation process. Testing results indicate that the stress relaxation process of compacted frozen soil is significantly influenced by confining pressure. The stress relaxation ratio is increasing linearly with the rise of confining pressure if the confining pressure is beyond 1. 5 MPa. The anti-relaxation ability of frozen soil is greatly reduced during high confining pressure conditions:the stress relaxation ratio of frozen soil is only 41. 94% under 1. 5 MPa, but exceeds 90. 30% under 16 MPa. The strength of frozen soil attenuates linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. When the confining pressure is higher than 1. 5 MPa, the strength attenuation rate of frozen soil increases with the rise of confining pressure. As the development of stress relaxation of frozen soil, cohesion decreases linearly but internal friction angle increases linearly with time in the semi-logarithmic coordinate system. It manifested that the cementation in frozen soil shows evident rheological features and it is a key inducement for strength attenuation. Moreover, the attenuation law and value of cohesion in frozen soil which is measured by triaxial stress relaxation test are similar to the spherical template indenter test results. This may provide a new test method for obtaining the long-term strength and cohesion of frozen soil. On the basis of test results, the stress states of frozen soil in all stress relaxation curves at 12 relaxation durations were captured, and the rate-dependent variation characteristics of strength envelope in p-q stress space were analyzed in detail. Under high confining pressures, the strength envelope of frozen soil shows different geometric features as time goes on. In addition to the decline of level, the strength surface exhibits clockwise rotation with time, and the third stage sharply decreases at first and then becomes flat. Based on the analysis of characteristics of experimental strength surface and evolution law of strength parameters during the stress relaxation process, a rate-dependent strength theory for frozen soil considering the stress relaxation effect is established in this paper. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved. 相似文献
5.
6.
针对冻土工程中地基冻土体受力形式复杂、常处于变应力路径、反复加卸载作用问题, 开展了冻结黄土静力条件下的三轴加卸载试验与单调加载对比试验, 研究了两种应力路径下冻结黄土的变形和损伤特性. 通过对比发现, 加载方式对冻结黄土变形特性随围压的变化规律影响不大. 循环加卸载作用下, 冻结黄土的压密变硬增强了其抵抗变形的能力. 卸载阶段, 冻结黄土表现出卸载体胀的弹性现象, 呈现出与融土不同的体变特征. 基于弹性模量的劣化定义了冻结黄土的损伤变量, 并根据试验结果得出了冻结黄土的损伤演化规律可用双曲线函数来描述. 在较低的围压下, 围压增加对冻土损伤的发展有抑制作用; 而当围压足够大时, 由于冰的压碎和压融的出现, 围压增大加剧了损伤的发展. 相似文献
7.
颗粒破碎是粒状材料在高应力状态下的一种基本现象。为了研究冻结砂土中颗粒破碎对应力应变关系的影响,将冻结砂土视为复合颗粒材料,忽略冰的压融,考虑内摩擦角随应力状态的变化,构建一个适用于冻结砂土的考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型。构建过程分为三步,首先是基于三轴剪切前后颗粒分析对冻结砂土颗粒破碎模式和产生机理进行探讨;其次是基于考虑颗粒破碎的能量平衡方程,对冻土在三轴剪切试验过程中的颗粒破碎耗能进行分析,结果表明颗粒破碎耗能随轴向应变呈双曲线变化趋势;最后应用考虑颗粒破碎的剪胀方程修正沈珠江三参数非线性模型中的体积切线模量νt,得到一个考虑颗粒破碎的非线性本构模型,模型参数可以通过单轴压缩试验和常规三轴试验确定。将原模型和修正后模型的计算结果与控制温度为-6℃,围压为1 MPa、4 MPa、6 MPa、8 MPa和10 MPa时冻结砂土的试验结果进行对比,结果表明该模型能够较好的模拟冻结砂土从低围压到高围压的应变软化特征与剪胀特征。 相似文献
8.
压力作用下颗粒发生破碎是引起砂土力学特性变化的重要因素之一, 对于钙质砂这种易破碎的材料更是如此。为进一步弄清颗粒破碎对钙质砂的应力-应变强度影响, 本文对钙质砂进行三轴固结排水剪切试验得到应力-应变曲线, 并筛分得到三轴试验前后钙质砂颗分曲线。通过引入Hardin定义的颗粒相对破碎率Br, 分析了相对密度、围压与颗粒破碎的关系及颗粒破碎对钙质砂应力-应变和抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:随围压的增大颗粒破碎增量逐渐减小, 直到破碎达到一个上限值, 此时围压和相对密度对颗粒破碎影响很小; 颗粒间的滑动标志着应力达到极限状态, 而颗粒破碎会阻碍应力达到极限状态, 在本实验中, 低围压时颗粒破碎少, 颗粒相对运动形式为滑移, 使应力-应变曲线为软化型, 高围压下颗粒破碎严重, 颗粒破碎在剪切过程中始终发生, 使应力-应变曲线呈应变硬化型; 颗粒破碎使体变从剪胀逐渐发展到剪缩, 且破碎越严重剪缩越严重; 在低围压下钙质砂强度主要由剪胀和咬合提供, 高围压下颗粒破碎严重, 剪胀消失, 咬合减小, 使峰值摩擦角减小, 抗剪强度降低。 相似文献
9.
An extensive test program was conducted on East China deep clay to investigate mechanical behavior in the process of axial
compression and triaxial compression. In addition, the effect of negative temperature and confining pressure on the strength
of frozen clay was analyzed. It is concluded that the stress-strain curves at high confining pressure belong to the strain
hardening type and its strength almost corresponds to confining pressure in the range of tested confined stress. With respect
to temperature, the strength increases when the temperature decreases.
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Translated from Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(4): 636–639 [译自: 冰川冻土] 相似文献
10.
高温冻结粉土力学特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了探讨高温冻结粉土的力学特性,进行了一系列常规三轴压缩和三轴压缩加卸载试验。结果表明：（1）随着围压的增大,应力应变曲线先表现为应变软化,后应变硬化,最后又应变软化。（2）体积应变曲线均表现为先体缩后体胀,且围压越大,体胀越弱。（3）通过引入改进的双曲线模型,能较好地模拟应变软化和硬化特性。在q-p平面内建立了一个新的强度准则,并利用修正Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则,探讨了黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ的变化规律。根据试验结果,确定了不同围压及不同加卸载循环次数下高温冻结粉土的回弹模量及其损伤变化规律。最后,建立了塑性体积变形和塑性剪切变形之间的关系式和表达式,进一步探讨了高温冻结粉土的剪胀特性。 相似文献
11.
围压路径对冻结粉质砂土变形行为及强度的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
目前关于冻土的室内三轴压缩试验研究多采用恒围压下的轴向加载方法,而实际工程中的受压土体基本处于围压、轴压同时发生变化的情况。以冻结粉质砂土为研究对象,进行了变围压和恒围压下的三轴剪切测试。根据试后试样变形情况,给出了试样面积的统一修正公式,研究结果表明：当含水量较小时,围压路径对应力-应变曲线的初始段和最终段没有显见影响,但在应力-应变曲线中间段,变围压下的应力-应变曲线明显在相应的恒围压曲线之下,且初始围压越小,曲线位置越低。当含水量不低于饱和值时,围压路径和含冰量共同影响着应力-应变曲线的发展趋势,且变围压曲线的最终段基本都在相应的恒围压曲线之上,中间段变化特点与含冰量和初始围压有关。围压路径对强度随围压变化趋势的影响跟含水量大小有关。当含水量较小时,两种围压路径下的强度值比较接近;当含水量不低于饱和值时,恒围压下的强度值低于相应变围压下的强度值。 相似文献
12.
通过对取自新疆克拉玛依风城油田重油储层的油砂进行室温和高温三轴固结排水压缩试验,研究了油砂基本力学和热学性质。研究结果表明：在常温试验条件下,油砂的偏应力-应变曲线可分为弹性阶段、塑性阶段和软化阶段,高温试验条件下则首先会出现压密阶段,不同围压下的体积应变变化规律显著不同;油砂的弹性模量和泊松比均与固结压力有较好的线性关系;高温对油砂的峰值强度、残余强度、泊松比和弹性模量影响很小;油砂的内摩擦角为34°,大小与粗粒土相近,凝聚力为0.47 MPa;油砂的热膨胀系数随围压的增大而增大,环向膨胀系数远大于轴向膨胀系数;围压?3 =5 MPa时存在临界温度,使得油砂的变形在低于或高于临界温度时表现出不同的特点,当温度小于临界温度时,试件的环向变形、轴向变形、体积变形均随温度的升高线性膨胀;当温度大于临界温度时,试件的环向变形、轴向变形、体积变形均随温度的升高线性收缩。最后将风城油砂的性质与加拿大Athabasca和Cold Lake两处的油砂进行了对比,发现3个地区的油砂在强度、变形等方面有很多相似之处,这对风城重油资源的开采具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
13.
Experimental study on variability in mechanical properties of a frozen sand as determined in triaxial compression tests 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Large uncertainty exists in soil testing due to the randomness in sampling and system errors, especially in tests on frozen soils. In order to reduce the randomness and improve the test accuracy, the sample preparation method is improved to obtain more homogeneous samples. The standard Chinese sand is used as the soil. An environmental material test apparatus with three-point temperature control was used. Four temperatures and four confining pressures are used for the triaxial compression tests, which makes 16 combinations. For each combination, five repeat tests were carried out to examine the scattering of the mechanical properties of the frozen sand. It is found that under a certain confining pressure, the scattering increased with the increase in temperature and vice versa. Under a certain combination of temperature at ?0.5 °C and confining pressure of 10 MPa, the stress–strain curves are so different that similarity in the curves does not exist. This phenomenon is not scattering because sample randomness or system errors cannot explain it any more and is therefore called variability. It is attributed to pressure melting, pressure crush of soil particles as well as severe phase changes caused by small temperature variations. The difference in the test results is considered as an inherent feature of frozen soils. Strength and strain energy are used, along with temperature and confining pressure to analyze the cause of variability. This work shows that further work must be carried out to develop an optimum testing program in order to make a reasonable analysis for engineering constructions in which frozen soils are involved. 相似文献
14.
研究冻土动强度对寒区工程和人工冻结工程施工及安全性评价具有重要意义。为了揭示主应力轴旋转对冻结黏土动强度特性的影响,利用空心扭剪仪开展不同围压下冻结黏土动三轴和空心扭剪试验,探讨了主应力轴旋转对冻结黏土动强度、动黏聚力和动内摩擦角变化规律的影响。结果表明:主应力轴旋转导致冻结黏土试样的动强度降低,围压越低主应力轴旋转对动强度影响效果就越明显;随着震动次数的增多,主应力轴旋转条件下冻结黏土动黏聚力衰减速度相对于主应力方向固定时加快;不同于主应力轴方向固定条件下动内摩擦角随震动次数增多而衰减的特点,在主应力轴旋转条件下动内摩擦角随震动次数增多而增大。另外,研究显示主应力轴旋转条件下动强度、动黏聚力和动内摩擦角均与震动次数的对数呈良好的线性关系,用线性方程对其进行了拟合,并给出拟合系数和确定系数。 相似文献
15.
为研究北京富水砂卵石地层冻结后的强度特性,以北京某地铁暗挖车站砂卵石为研究对象,进行不同温度（?5、?10、?15、?20℃）,不同围压（0.0、0.3、0.8、1.3、2.0、3.0、4.0、8.0 MPa）条件下三轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：冻结砂卵石的应力-应变曲线以应变软化形态为主,高负温、高围压条件下,呈现理想塑性破坏形态;砂卵石强度、黏聚力和摩擦角均随温度降低而增大,其中强度呈指数分布,黏聚力和摩擦角呈线性分布;强度和弹性模量随围压增加而增大,但增大趋势逐渐减小,低围压压缩区强度满足线性Morh-Coulomb（简称M-C）准则;冻结砂卵石的破坏形态以破裂面始/终于试样侧面的剪切破坏为代表,张拉型破坏受冰影响显著,仅存在于低围压条件下,高围压、高负温时易出现体胀型破坏。 相似文献
16.
增湿时黄土的抗剪强度特性分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用固结不排水剪切方法,对非饱和原状Q3黄土进行了增湿情况下的三轴剪切试验,得到了湿陷性黄土的极限强度与初始含水量及围压的关系曲线,分析了增湿过程中黄土抗剪强度的变化规律。结果表明,原始含水量下非饱和原状黄土的强度包线是由两条直线组成的折线,高含水量时的强度包线仍符合莫尔-库仑理论准则。非饱和黄土的黏聚力随初始含水量的增大而迅速降低,而内摩擦角受初始含水量变化的影响较小。随初始含水量的增大,总应力指标始终小于相应的有效应力指标;并发现非饱和黄土的有效黏聚力 与初始含水量w之间的关系能较好地拟合为指数函数。最后简要分析了初始含水量和围压对抗剪强度指标的影响。 相似文献
17.
钙质砂的颗粒易碎性是造成其变形和强度特性不同于石英砂的重要性质。本文基于临界状态理论,通过一系列试验定量地描述钙质砂临界状态线随颗粒破碎的演化规律。本文试验分两个阶段进行:第1阶段研究了60~2000 kPa围压条件下钙质砂的力学特性和颗粒破碎特征;第2阶段以不同破碎率的试样为母本重塑制样,在100~300 kPa围压条件下,剪切至破碎临界状态线。试验结果表明:在较小围压(<300 kPa)条件下,松砂和密砂均表现出明显的剪胀和应变软化特性;而高围压(>1 MPa)条件下,显著的颗粒破碎会造成试样的持续剪缩;颗粒破碎存在明显围压阈值,对于松砂而言,在围压小于300 kPa条件下,颗粒基本不发生破碎;在e-lg p'平面内,破碎临界状态线的截距ΔeΓ和斜率λc均会随着修正相对破碎率Br*的增大而减小,即颗粒破碎会使临界状态线发生下移和逆时针转动;而在q-p'平面内,钙质砂的临界状态点落在同一条直线上,即存在唯一的临界状态应力比Mcr和临界摩擦角φcr。 相似文献
18.
In practical engineering, cyclic shear stresses induced by earthquakes, traffic, and waves are superimposed on the initial static shear stress in sand fills or deposits, leading to complex responses of soils such as their deformation characteristics, pore pressure generation, and susceptibility (or cyclic resistance) to liquefaction. To experimentally investigate the undrained cyclic response of saturated sand, a series of triaxial tests were performed, covering a broad range of initial static and cyclic deviatoric stress levels. The results indicate that different stress conditions lead to two types of cyclic behavior: cyclic mobility and residual deformation accumulation. The compressional static stress is beneficial to the cyclic resistance of the dense sand, whereas the extensional static stress is regarded as detrimental as it tended to reduce the cyclic strength. Moreover, by comparing the available test data obtained from the same sand with varying initial densities and confining pressures, the static shear effect on cyclic resistance was found to be dependent on the state of the sand. Compared to the interpretation made using the limiting pore pressure-based criterion, the conventional failure criterion using a cyclic axial strain of 5% may lead to a substantial overestimation of the cyclic resistance, thus resulting in unsafe assessment and design. Hence, by employing the pore pressure criterion, the pore pressure generated in the cyclic tests was investigated and was found to be significantly influenced by the static shear stress. A pore pressure generation model is proposed to obtain the pore pressure characteristics of sand under various static shear stress conditions. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, an experimental investigation of cement treated sand is performed under triaxial tests in order to quantify
the effects of cementation on the stress–strain behavior, stiffness and shear strength. Samples were cured up to 180 days.
The results show that the stress–strain behavior of cemented sands is nonlinear with contractive–dilative stages. The stress–strain
response is strongly influenced by effective confining pressure and cement content. Stiffness and strength are greatly improved
by an increase in binder content. An increase of the angle of shearing resistance and cohesion intercept with increasing cement
content is observed consistently. Brittle behavior is observed at low confining pressure and high cement content. After yielding,
the increase in the dilatancy accelerates. Two competing related processes determine the peak strength: Bond breakages cause
a strength reduction but the associated dilatancy leads to a strength increase. This finding and the experimental observation
that the dilatancy at the peak state increases with increasing cement content explain why the measured peak-state strength
parameters, c′ and φp′, are relevant to the binder content. 相似文献
20.
重载铁路路基比普通铁路和高速铁路要承受更大的动力荷载,路基本体的动力变形更加明显。重载铁路路基的核心层绝大部分为粗粒土,为了探讨重载铁路路基粗粒土填料在列车往复荷载作用下的变形和强度特性,开展了一系列大型动三轴试验,探讨了不同动应力幅值、不同围压、不同含水率对粗粒土土样累积变形的影响,分析了不同静强度和围压时动强度的特点,并根据粗粒土土样在不同围压和动应力作用下的变形规律,即增大围压或减小动应力有助于增强土体稳定,提出了基于累积变形发展趋势的路基粗粒土变形稳定界限状态和判别准则,并给出了判别准则参数。研究结果对重载铁路路基的动力变形稳定性评价和基于动力变形控制的路基设计具有参考价值。 相似文献