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1.
Rotation motion and its effects on strong-motion data, in most cases, are much smaller than that of translational motion and have been ignored in most analyses of strong-motion data. However, recent observations from near-fault and/or extreme large ground motions suggest that these effects might be underestimated and quantitative analyses seem to be necessary for improving our understating of these effects. Rotation motion-related effects include centrifugal acceleration, the effects of gravity and effects of the rotation frame. Detailed analyses of these effects based on the observed data are unavailable in the literature. In this study, we develop a numerical algorithm for estimating the effects of rotational motion on the strong-motion data using a set of six-component ground motions and apply it to a set of rotation rate-strong motion velocity data. The data were recorded during a magnitude 6.9 earthquake. The peak value of the derived acceleration and rotation rate of this dataset are about 186 cm/s/s and 0.0026 rad/s. Numerical analyses of data gives time histories of these rotational motion-related effects. Our results show that all the rotation angles are less than 0.01°. The maximum centrifugal acceleration, effect from gravity and effect of the rotation frame are about 0.03 and 0.14 cm/s/s, respectively. Both these two effects are much smaller than the peak acceleration 186 cm/s/s. This result might have been expected because our data are not near-field and wave motions are expected to be nearly plane waves. However, it is worth noticing that the centrifugal acceleration is underestimated and a small rotational effect can cause large waveform difference in acceleration data. The waveform difference before and after the correction for rotational motion can reach 16 cm/s/s (about 10 %). 相似文献
2.
A new engineering source model consistent with seismological concepts for simulating strong-motion accelerograms (SMAs) is presented in this paper. The source region is modeled as a horizontally layered elastic medium to cater for site dependency. The moment field acting on the rupture plane is decomposed into space and time functions, which is a novel concept. The spatial and temporal components are determined for six well-recorded earthquakes using the corresponding recorded SMA. The obtained spatial variations indicate that they can be modeled as an anisotropic random field. The temporal components of all the six events are transients, with typical frequency spectra. Based on these results, a simplified source model is proposed for the synthesis of SMA during strong earthquakes. The model is validated by simulating strong-motion acceleration time histories at stations deliberately kept out of the modeling exercise. It is found that the present model is efficient in simulating observed time histories. The proposed model is also illustrated by simulating an ensemble of acceleration time histories for the Kutch earthquake of 26th January 2001 using only the few known source parameters. 相似文献
3.
During the 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake, an array of 26 strong-motion accelerometers produced records for the Meloland Road Overpass, a two-span reinforced concrete bridge structure located only 0.5 km away from the causative fault for this earthquake event. This paper describes the application of a new system identification methodology to the array of strong-motion measurements, in order to assess seismic response characteristics of this bridge. Results of this application show that (1) linear models provide an excellent fit to the measured motions of the bridge, despite the fact that it was subjected to very strong shaking; (2) the transverse response of the structure is controlled by its abutment motions, with no significant dynamic amplification in the deck; and (3) the vertical response of the bridge deck at the midlength of its spans is dominated by a single vertical translational mode whereas, above the central pier, the deck's vertical response is most affected by the vertical motions of the pier base and by torsion of the deck. Also, systematic estimates of modal damping ratios and qualitative assessments of states of stress developed in the bridge during the earthquake are provided. 相似文献
4.
5.
Nguyen Dinh Pham Bor-Shouh Huang Chin-Jen Lin Tuan-Minh Vu Ngoc-Anh Tran 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(4):709-720
High-frequency rotational motions of P-waves and coda waves were analysed using rotation rate sensors and strong motion array data from the 4 March 2008 TAiwan Integrated GEodynamics Research (TAIGER) explosion experiment in northeastern Taiwan. Theoretical and observational investigations focussed on the effects of this experiment on the free surface. The main goal of this study was to explore possible applications of combined measurements of artificial explosion-derived translational and rotational motions. Also investigated was the consistent ground rotation observed directly by rotation rate sensors and derived using translational seismic arrays. Common near-source high-frequency rotational motion observations and array-recorded translational motions from one shallow borehole explosion are analysed in this study. Using a half-space assumption of plane P-wave propagation across the recording site, we conclude that: (1) rotational motions induced by direct P-waves interacting with a free surface in theory can be used to estimate wave radial direction, velocity and anisotropic properties; (2) rotational motions derived from scattering are predominant among the observed rotations during the TAIGER explosion experiments and allow us to image the heterogeneous structure of the medium at the investigated site; and (3) rotation sensor measurements undertaken during TAIGER explosion experiments may be affected by cross-axis sensitivities, which need to be considered when using the data obtained during these experiments. 相似文献
6.
旋转地震学是研究由天然地震、爆破和周围环境振动引起的地面旋转运动的新兴学科。对于它的研究不仅有助于对质点运动(平移运动、旋转运动和形变)进行完整的描述,而且对广义地球物理学,如强地面运动地震学、地震工程学、地震物理学、地震仪器等的研究也有重要指导意义。本文系统介绍了旋转运动在地震学中4个方面的应用。首先,介绍基于平移运动和旋转运动的共同测量,得出了计算远震瑞利波和勒夫波相速度的理论公式,并以西伯利亚地震为例,得出台站附近的相速度结构;其次,利用环形激光仪仅对地震SH波敏感的特性,分离P波和S波,分辨海洋噪声和面波,确定海洋噪声的反方位角;然后,介绍利用旋转传感器对自由振荡的长周期环形模式的观测;最后,对包含旋转观测量的多参数反演问题的重要性和实用性进行了阐述,并分析了旋转地震学研究现存的问题。 相似文献
7.
Mohammad Reza Falamarz-Sheikhabadi Mohsen Ghafory-Ashtiany 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(4):815-827
The paper addresses the issue of researching into the engineering characteristics of rotational strong ground motion components and rotational effects in structural response. In this regard, at first, the acceleration response spectra of rotational components are estimated in terms of translational ones. Next, new methods in order to consider the effects of rotational components in seismic design codes are presented by determining the effective structural parameters in the rotational loading of structures due only to the earthquake rotational components. Numerical results show that according to the frequency content of rotational components, the contribution of the rocking components to the seismic excitation of short period structures can never be ignored. During strong earthquakes, these rotational motions may lead to the unexpected overturning or local structural damages for the low-rise multi-story buildings located on soft soil. The arrangement of lateral-load resisting system in the plan, period, and aspect ratio of the system can severely change the seismic loading of wide symmetric buildings under the earthquake torsional component. 相似文献
8.
地震波传播过程中,质点的振动不仅包括三个独立的平移部分,还包括三个独立的旋转部分.本文基于一阶速度-应力弹性波方程,采用分裂完全匹配层(SPML)的吸收边界条件,推导了时间导数二阶精度和空间导数高阶精度的交错网格有限差分格式的弹性波速度与应力各分量计算公式,模拟了各向同性介质中均匀模型和层状模型下的六分量波场,并对二维各向同性层状模型下的三个分量地震记录做高分辨率线性拉东变换得到各自的频散能谱.数值模拟分析结果表明:(1)旋转分量的能量要比平动分量弱的多;(2)在平动分量上,面波能量强,频率低,反射P波能量较强,反射S波能量稍弱;在旋转分量上,反射P波能量很弱,S波能量强;(3)与平动分量相比,旋转分量的频散能谱效果更好,能看到基阶和完整的高阶面波,即旋转分量能反映更多的地下介质信息. 相似文献
9.
The seismic ground rotations are important with respect to spatial structural models, which are sensitive to the wave propagation. The rotational ground motion can lead to significant increasing of structural response, instability and unusual damages of buildings. Currently, the seismic analyses often take into account the rocking and torsion motions separately using artificial accelerograms. We present an exact analytical method, proposed by Nazarov [15] for computing of three rotational accelerograms simultaneously from given translational records. The method is based on spectral representation in the form of Fourier amplitude spectra of seismic waves, corresponding to the given three-component translational accelerogram. The composition, directions and properties of seismic waves are previously determined in the form of a generalized wave model of ground motion. It is supposed that seismic ground motion can be composed by superposition of P, SV, SH- and surface waves. As an example, the dynamic response analysis of 25-story building is presented. Here recorded (low-frequency) and artificial (high-frequency) accelerograms were used; each of them includes three translational and three rotational components. In this structural analysis, we have clarified primarily conditions under which rotational ground motion should be taken into account. Next, we have calculated three rotational components of seismic ground motion. Then they were taken as additional seismic loads components for further seismic analysis of the building. Note, soil–structure interaction (SSI) is not considered in this study. For computing, we use the special software for structural analyses and accelerogram processing (FEA Software STARK ES and Odyssey software, Eurosoft Co., Russia). It was developed and is used in engineering practice in the Central Research Institute of Building Constructions (TsNIISK, Moscow, Russia). 相似文献
10.
Rotational components of earthquake ground motion have not been considered for seismic analysis, design and performance assessment because recordings of these components are unavailable. A number of procedures have been proposed to extract rotational components of ground motion from translational time series recorded at multiple, closely spaced recording stations. In this paper, a new procedure that is capable of capturing higher frequency content in rotational time‐series is presented. The frequencies at which numerical errors are introduced in the solution, which are a function of apparent wave velocity and array dimension, are identified. Results are presented for the proposed procedure, the widely accepted geodetic method, and a single‐station procedure developed by the authors, all using data recorded at the Lotung array in Taiwan. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
山地和平原地形在破坏性地震中对震害和地震动有很大影响,不同地形对地震动有不同的地形效应。为研究山地和平原地形对地震动的影响规律,基于集集地震后续M L6.6余震的强震观测记录,对位于不同地形且与震中位于同一直线上的四个强震台记录处理计算,从波形特征、频谱分析、加速度反应谱计算、与规范谱比较等方面进行对比分析,完成长周期地震动反应谱分布的计算。研究表明,山地地形对地震动的高频成分有地形放大效应,沉积平原对地震动的低频长周期部分有放大作用,并且长周期反应谱的峰值区域始终位于沉积平原中部。平原上强震记录产生的长周期放大系数谱已超出规范谱,沉积平原上长周期建筑的抗震设防应引起重视。 相似文献
12.
The paper examines the effect on the structural response of the inevitable correlation which exists between the six earthquake components acting along a set of structural axes. The rotational components are expressed in terms of the spatial derivatives of the translational components. For the calculation of response, modal analysis is employed so that ground response spectra can also be used as seismic input. A methodology is developed to obtain the maximum mean square response which can occur in a structure, irrespective of its orientation with respect to the impinging seismic waves. The application of this methodology for the calculation of design response is advocated, especially for asymmetric structures. For the assumed model of seismic wave motion, the numerical results show a significant contribution to the response from the rotational components. This contribution is, however, expected to be reduced by structural foundation averaging and interaction effects. Further studies with more complete models of seismic wave motions, and their interaction with structural foundations, are thus warranted for a realistic evaluation and characterization of the rotational inputs for design purposes. 相似文献
13.
Methods for estimating rotational components of seismic ground motion and their numerical comparisons* 
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下载免费PDF全文 Rotational components play an important role in natural earthquake research, engineering seismic investigation, building monitoring, seismic exploration and other fields. Traditional researches mainly focus on three translational components, but less on rotational ones. As the precision of rotational sensing techniques has increased, many scholars have paid more attention to the seismic rotational motions. Because the rotational observations are not very popular before and now, approximately converting the translational components into rotational components is utilized in rotation analysis. Based on numerical six-component seismic data with the finite difference method, we compare three different conversion methods, the travelling-wave, frequency-domain and the difference method, to analyze their characteristics and feasibilities when they are applied to estimate rotational components with translational observations. 相似文献
14.
An effort is made to examine the properties of rotational (torsional and rocking) ground motions using Chiba dense array data. The Chiba array system, located 30 km east of Tokyo, Japan, is composed of 15 boreholes with separation distances varying from 5 to 320 m. This provides a unique opportunity to examine the characteristics of rotational components. For this purpose, 17 events are considered and rotational ground motions are evaluated using spatial derivatives of translational ones. The effects of seismological parameters and separation distances between stations on properties of rotational motions are examined, showing a sudden increase in rotational motions for the earthquakes with large magnitude or PGA and decrease of these motions with increasing separation distance. While the duration of torsional motion is found to be larger than translational ones, there is no significant difference between durations of rocking and vertical motions. The effects of separation distance and earthquake magnitude on rotational response spectra are also investigated. The normalized rotational response spectra are found to be strongly affected by separation distance. The spectral ratios of rotational and translational motions are not linearly proportional to period as suggested by the previous studies. Finally, the torsional motion is predicted from translation ones for different separation distances at the site. The comparison of the predicted and the calculated torsional motions reveals a weak estimation in close separation distances (<30m) and satisfactory predictions in other cases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
R. Sigbjörnsson J. Th. Snæbjörnsson S. M. Higgins B. Halldórsson S. Ólafsson 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2009,7(1):113-126
This preliminary study aims to investigate a M
w
6.3 earthquake that occurred in South Iceland on Thursday 29 May 2008 at 15:45 UTC. The epicentre was in the Olfus District
between the towns of Selfoss and Hveragerdi. This study examines the data recorded and the damage observed immediately after
the event. Horizontal accelerations of up to 80%g were recorded in the epicentral region and there is visual evidence that
the vertical acceleration exceeded 1 g. The PGA data is compared to a ground motion estimation model developed for the South
Iceland earthquakes in June 2000. In general the basic properties of this event are found to be similar to the characteristics
of the South Iceland earthquakes in June 2000. The duration of strong-motion is short and the intensity attenuates rapidly
with increasing distance. The earthquake action resisted by buildings in the near fault area is inspected through evaluation
of elastic as well as inelastic response spectra. The vast majority of structures seemed to withstand the strong-motion fairly
competently and without significant visual damage due firstly to the low-rise, predominantly reinforced concrete or timber,
style of buildings. Secondly, the short duration of strong-motion contributed to the endurance of structures. 相似文献
16.
To achieve rational and precise seismic response predictions of large span spatial structures(LSSSs),the inherent non-uniformity and multidimensionality characteristics of earthquake ground motions should be properly taken into consideration.However,due to the limitations of available earthquake stations to record seismic rotational components,the effects of rocking and torsional earthquake components are commonly neglected in the seismic analyses of LSSSs.In this study,a newly developed method to extract the rocking and torsion components at any point along the area of a deployed dense array from the translational earthquake recordings is applied to obtain the rotational seismic inputs for a LSSS.The numerical model of an actual LSSS,the Dalian International Conference Center(DICC),is developed to study the influences of multi-support and multidimensional excitations on the seismic responses of LSSSs.The numerical results reveal that the non-uniformity and multidimensionality of ground motion input can considerably affect the dynamic response of the DICC.The specific degree of influence on the overall and local structural displacements,deformations and forces are comprehensively investigated and discussed. 相似文献
17.
Chin-Jen Lin Wen-Gee Huang Han-Pang Huang Bor-Shouh Huang Chin-Shang Ku Chun-Chi Liu 《Journal of Seismology》2012,16(4):721-731
We investigate rotational motions derived from measurements by arrays of translational seismometers??hereafter called array-derived rotations (ADRs)??and compare these to measurements made by a commercially available point rotation sensor (eentec? R-1?). We focus on two aspects of the array problem: (1) the requisite conditions for calculating an ADR well and (2) the effect of array configuration on the result. Our data set consists of translational accelerations and rotation rates recorded by an array of Kinemetrics? EpiSensor? accelerometers and two R-1? rotational sensors in the TAIPEI 101 building in Taipei, Taiwan. Our results indicate that (1) array configuration affects the accuracy of ADRs about orthogonal components in horizontal plane, (2) coherence between two point rotation measurements (two R-1?) can determine the maximum frequency of translations viably used for the calculating ADRs, and (3) the performance of the R-1? is adequate, at least above a frequency of 0.12?Hz (periods shorter than 8?s). We also discuss deriving strain from the same array. 相似文献
18.
J. Douglas 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2003,1(1):141-156
Some accelerograms are affected by non-standard recording and digitization problems that mean they are often not used in strong-motion
studies. These non-standard problems cannot be corrected by the standard processing techniques that remove low and high-frequency
noise from the time-history. Records from analogue instruments are more prone to these problems but even records from digital
instruments, which are becoming increasingly common, can be affected by such errors. Since all strong-motion data is valuable
it is important to know whether any useful information can be obtained from accelerograms that are affected by such problems.
This article examines whether strong-motion records from analogue instruments that are missing their initial part due to late
triggering of the instrument and also strong-motion records from digital instruments with low A/D converter resolution can
be used for response spectral studies. It is found, by simulating such errors on high-quality strong-motion records, that
good response spectral ordinates can be obtained from such `poor-quality' records within the period range of most engineering
interest.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Investigating strong ground-motion variability using analysis of variance and two-way-fit plots 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
A statistical method to quantitatively assess the relative importance of unmodelled site and source effects on the observed
variability (σ) in ground motions is presented. The method consists of analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the computed residuals
with respect to an empirical ground-motion model for strong-motion records of various earthquakes recorded at a common set
of stations. ANOVA divides the overall variance (σ
2) into the components due to site and source effects (respectively σ
S
2 and σ
E
2) not modelled by the ground-motion model plus the residual variance not explained by these effects (σ
R
2). To test this procedure, four sets of observed strong-motion records: two from Italy (Umbria-Marche and Molise), one from
the French Antilles and one from Turkey, are used. It is found that for the data from Italy, the vast majority of the observed
variance is attributable to unmodelled site effects. In contrast, the variation in ground motions in the French Antilles and
Turkey data is largely attributable, especially at short periods, to source effects not modelled by the ground-motion estimation
equations used. 相似文献