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1.
^234Th-^238U disequilibria were applied to examine the particle dynamics in the euphotic zone of the central South China Sea during the spring 2002 cruise. The particulate organic carbon （POC）, ^234Th （including both dissolved and particulate） and ^238U in the water column at three stations were determined. The profiles of ^234Th/^238U activity ratio at the three stations all showed consistent ^234Th deficit as compared to ^238U in the upper 100 m water column. Based on the profiles of the dissolved and particulate ^234Th and a steady state box model, the dissolved ^234Th scavenging rates, the particulate ^234Th removal rates and their resident times were quantified. It was found that the POC downward export fluxes out of the upper 100 m euphotic zone ranged from 9.40 to 14.78 mmol·m^-2·d^-1. The results from this study provide new information for our understanding of carbon biogeochemical cycle in the South China Sea. 相似文献
2.
During the Second Chinese National Arctic Expedition (CHINARE) from July to September 2003, depth profiles of dissolved and particulate 234Th in upper water columns were collected at two stations of BR03 and BR24 in the Bering Sea. 234Th was sampled by using a traditional Fe(OH)3 co-precipitation technique, which is a reliable approach to 234Th measurement. We observed 234Th excess at station BR03 below the euphotic zone, which was possibly due to the intensive remineralization of particulate matter. Particulate organic carbon (POC) export fluxes were estimated from a one-dimensional irreversible steady state model of 234Th fluxes together with measurements of the POC/234Th ratio on the suspended particles. The POC export fluxes from the euphotic zone were 11.66 and 11.69 mmol C m-2 d-1 at BR03 and BR24 stations,respectively. The ratios of POC fluxes to primary production at the two stations were about 0.5 and 0.59, respectively, probably due to the presence of large phytoplankton (in particular diatoms). 相似文献
3.
234Th-238u disequilibria were applied to examine the particle dynamics in the euphotic zone of the central South China Sea during the spring 2002 cruise. The particulate organic carbon (POC), 234Th (including both dissolved and particulate) and 238U in the water column at three stations were determined. The profiles of 234Th/238U activity ratio at the three stations all showed consistent 234Th deficit as compared to 238U in the upper 100 m water column. Based on the profiles of the dissolved and particulate 234Th and a steady state box model, the dissolved 234Th scavenging rates, the particulate 234Th removal rates and their resident times were quantified. It was found that the POC downward export fluxes out of the upper 100 m euphotic zone ranged from 9.40 to 14.78 mmol.m-2.d-1. The results from this study provide new information for our understanding of carbon biogeochemical cycle in the South China Sea. 相似文献
4.
Size-fractionated 210Po and 210Pb, in the size fractions >0.4 μm, >2 μm and >10 μm, were examined to determine the seasonal variability of particulate fluxes
in Xiamen Bay. Good correlations between 210Po and particulate organic carbon (POC) or non-Particulate Organic Matter (nPOM) suggested that 210Po can be used to trace the export fluxes of POC and nPOM. Both steady-state (SS) model and nSS model were used to evaluate
fluxes of size-fractionated 210Po, results showed that nSS model was better than the SS model in coastal areas. Based on the nSS model, size-fractionated
POC fluxes decreased with increasing particle size. For the particle size studied, maximum POC fluxes occurred in autumn,
followed by spring, winter, and summer. Fluxes of nPOM were an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding size-fractionated
POC fluxes. Differences between size-fractionated nPOM fluxes indicated that hydrodynamic conditions were the main factor
regulating transportation of particulate out of the inner Bay. In winter most particulates, including >10 μm particles, were
transported under the strongest hydrodynamic conditions. In contrast, only a fraction of the <2 μm particulates were transported
from the inner Bay in spring. This study suggested that 210Po is a powerful tracer of seasonal particulate export in coastal seas. 相似文献
5.
A dynamic box model was applied to study the characteristics of biogeochemical cycling of PO_4-P,NO_3-N,AOU,POC and PON in the southern Taiwan Strait region based on field data of the"Minnan Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground Upwelling Ecosystem Study" during the period of Dec.1987-Nov.1988.According to the unique hydrological and topographical features of the region,six boxesand three layers were considered in the model.The variation rates and fluxes of elements induced by hor-izontal current,upwelling,by diffusion,sinking of particles and biogeochemical processes were estimatedrespectively.Results further confirmed that upwellings had important effects in this region.Thenearshore upwelling areas had net input fluxes of nutrients brought by upwelling water,also had high de-pletion rates of nutrients and production rates of particulate organic matter and dissolved oxygen.Theabnormal net production of nutrients in the middle layer(10-30m) indicated the important role of bacte-ria in this high production region.Th 相似文献
6.
The time scale of transport and reaction processes in the ocean can be evaluated using natural radionuclides of different
half-lives. In the present study, we evaluated the residence times of particulate reactive radionuclides 7Be, 210Pbxs and 234Th in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary, which is a high turbidity estuary, in June, 2006. The residence times of particulate
7Be, 234Thxs and 210Pbxs in the Changjiang estuary were calculated to be 0.7–20.4, 0.18–4.1 and 0.6–89.8 d, respectively. The obtained residence times
of those nuclides are comparable with those of other estuaries and bays. For 234Thxs and 7Be, the residence times decreased with increasing concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM); however, those of
210Pbxs increased. Moreover, scavenging residence times of 234Th and 7Be increased from coast to offshore, while those of 210Pbxs decreased. 相似文献
7.
The sea fluxes of trace metals, POC, and settled material were studied in anoxic seawater, Saanich Inlet, B. C., Canada with
sediment traps. This paper discusses the change of mass fluxes of sediment, trace metals and POC for various seasons and depths.
The annual mean of settled material is 1.56 g.m−2.a−1, 84.6 mg. m−2.a−1 for POC, 60.0 mg. m−2.a−1 for Cu, 16.5 mg.m−2.a−1 for Pb, 189 mg.m−2.a−1 for Zn, 2.20 mg.m−2.a−1 for Cd, 699 mg.m−2.a−1 for Fe, 38.8 mg.m−2.a−1 for Co, and 84.6 mg.m−2.a−1 for Ni. The relations between the average fluxes of trace metals and POC, the fluxes of trace metals and settled matter,
and the sea fluxes of trace metals and Fe are in linear progression. The resident times of elements as calculated from sea
flux, are 1.1 a. for Cu, 0.014 a. for Pb, 0.50 a. for Zn, 3.8 a. for Cd, 0.16 a. for Fe, 0.39 a. for Co, and 1.14 a. for Ni.
The order of resident times is as follows: Pb−Fe−Co−Zn−Cu−Ni−Cd. The metal resident times in Saanich Inlet are shorter than
the values estimated for the open ocean. It illustrates that the biochemical processes in shallow Saanich Inlet are faster
than those in the open ocean, and that debries of plankton and fecal pellets of zooplankton play an important role in vertical
transport of organic carbons.
Contribution No. 1650 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. 相似文献
8.
Taking South Lake and Jingyue Pool in Changchun as examples,we determined particulate Hg in ambient air and Hg concentration in precipitation.Results indicated that particulate Hg in air and Hg concentration in precipita-tion in both sites in nonheating period were lower than that in heating period,which is influenced by coal combustion.The annual particulate Hg concentrations in precipitation were 0.268μg/L(South Lake)and 0.108μg/L(Jingyue Pool).The high-er particulate Hg concentrations in precipitation were 0.268μg/L(South Lake) and 0.108μg/L(Jingyue Pool).The high-er particulate Hg concentration in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in South Lake than that of Jingyue Pool indicat-ed that mercury deposition was influenced by anthropogenic sources(especially from coas combustion).Hg concentration in precipitation is related with particulate Hg in the atmosphere.Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by using dry deposi-tion model on the base of particulate Hg concentrations in the atmosphere,they were estimated by using dry deposi-tion model on the base of particulate Hg concentrations in the atmosphere,they were 35.5μg/(m^2.a) for South lake and 15.3μg/(m^2.a)for Jingyue Pool.Combined with precipitation amount,wet deposition fluxes were estimated in these two sites,152.2μg(m^2.a)for South Lake and 61.2μg/(m^2.a)for Jingyue Pool.Atmospheric Hg deposition fluxes were 160.2g/a for South Lake and 328.62g/a for Jingyue Pool.e 相似文献
9.
MOLAR RATIOS OF C, N, P OF PARTICULATE MATTER AND THEIR VERTICAL FLUXES IN THE YELLOW SEA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The vertical fluxes and molar ratios of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of suspended particulate matter in the Yellow Sea were studied based on the analysis of suspended particulate matter,sediments and sinking particles obtained by use of moored sediment traps. The POC ： PON ratios indicate that most of the particulate organic matter in the Yellow Sea water column comes from marine life rather than the continent. The vertical fluxes of SPM, POC, PON and POP in the Yellow Sea are much higher than those in other seas over the world, and present a typical pattern in shallow epicontinental seas. The estimated residence time of the bioactive elements showed that the speed of the biogeochemical process of materials in the Yellow Sea is much shorter than that in the open ocean as there was high primary productivity in this region. 相似文献
10.
STUDY OF OKINAWA TROUGH SEDIMENTATION RATES AND PALEOENVIRONMENT BASED ON URANIUM SERIES ISOTOPE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Spectrometry of ~(238)U, ~(234)U, ~(230)Th and, ~(232)Th in three Okinawa Trough cores showed that, based on the~(230)Th/~(232)Th activity ratio, the sedimentation rates were about 2.5 cm/ka, 2.8 cm/ka and 8.5 cm/ka respectivelyduring the Holocene and about 20.1 cm/ka, 12.29 cm/ka, 8.8 cm/ka and 12.6 cm/ka respectively during theWurm glacial. To examine the past global climatic and oceanographic changes, the stable oxygen isotopesδ~(18)O and CaCO_3 were measured. The Th content and Th/U ratio showed that variations of terrigenous materialinput from the continental shelf were associated with glacial and interglacial changes and sea level 相似文献
11.
Arctic clouds strongly influence the regional radiation balance, temperature, melting of sea ice, and freezing of sea water.
Despite their importance, there is a lack of systematic and reliable observations of Arctic clouds. The CloudSat satellite
launched in 2006 with a 94 GHz Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) may contribute to close this gap. Here we compare one of the key
parameters, the cloud liquid water path (LWP) retrieved from CloudSat observations and from microwave radiometer (MWR) data
taken during the ASCOS (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study) cruise of the research vessel Oden from August to September 2008.
Over the 45 days of the ASCOS cruise, collocations closer than 3 h and 100 km were found in only 9 d, and collocations closer
than 1 h and 30 km in only 2 d. The poor correlations in the scatter plots of the two LWP retrievals can be explained by the
patchiness of the cloud cover in these two days (August 5th and September 7th), as confirmed by coincident MODIS (Moderate-resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer) images. The averages of Oden-observed LWP values are systematically higher (40–70 g m−2) than the corresponding CloudSat observations (0–50 g m−2). These are cases of generally low LWP with presumably small droplets, and may be explained by the little sensitivity of
the CPR to small droplets or by the surface clutter. 相似文献
12.
Xieyu Fan Haibo Bi Yunhe Wang Min Fu Xuan Zhou Xiuli Xu Haijun Huang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(6):1061-1071
Sea ice is a quite sensitive indicator in response to regional and global climate changes. Based on monthly mean PanArctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS) sea ice thickness fields, we computed the conductive heat flux(CHF) in the Arctic Ocean in the four winter months(November–February) for a long period of 36 years(1979–2014). The calculated results for each month manifest the increasing extension of the domain with high CHF values since 1979 till 2014. In 2014, regions of roughly 90% of the central Arctic Ocean have been dominated by the CHF values larger than 18 Wm~(-2)(November–December) and 12 Wm~(-2)(January–February), especially significant in the shelf seas around the Arctic Ocean. Moreover, the population distribution frequency(PDF) patterns of the CHF with time show gradually peak shifting toward increased CHF values. The spatiotemporal patterns in terms of the trends in sea ice thickness and other three geophysical parameters, surface air temperature(SAT), sea ice thickness(SIT), and CHF, are well coupled. This suggests that the thinner sea ice cover preconditions for the more oceanic heat loss into atmosphere(as suggested by increased CHF values), which probably contributes to warmer atmosphere which in turn in the long run will cause thinner ice cover. This represents a positive feedback mechanism of which the overall effects would amplify the Arctic climate changes. 相似文献
13.
This study on the sectional and vertical distribution of dissolved oxygen (DO) and the O2 fluxes across the sea-air interface in East China Sea (ESC) waters shows that the waters were in steady state and that the
difference of DO was great in upper and bottom waters in Apr. 1994; but that seawater mixing was strong and the difference
of DO was small in upper and bottom waters in Oct. 1994. The above conclusions were specially obvious in continental shelf
waters under 100 m. The DO maximum in subsurface layer waters appeared only at several stations and in general the DO in the
waters decreased with depth. The horizontal distributions of O2 fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared in stripes in Leg 9404 when most regions covered were supersaturated with O2 seawater to air flux was large, and that on section No. 1 was 1.594 L/m2·d. The horizontal distribution of O2 fluxes across the sea-air interface appeared lumpy in Leg 9410, when most regions covered were unsaturated with O2·O2 was dissolved from air to seawater, and the fluxes were 0.819 L/m2·d on section No. 1 in Leg 9310, 0.219 L/m2·d in Leg 9410. The main reasons for DO change in surface layer seawater were the mixture of upper and bottom layer water,
and the exchange of O2 across the sea-air interface. The variation of DO by biological activity was only 20% of total change of DO.
Contribution No. 2716 from Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
14.
The effects of estuarine processes on the fluxes of inorganic and organic carbon in the Yellow River estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Riverine carbon flux is an important component of the global carbon cycle. The spatial and temporal variations of organic
and inorganic carbon were examined during both dry and wet seasons in the Yellow River estuary. Concentrations of dissolved
organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Yellow River during dry seasons were higher than those during
wet seasons. The effective concentrations of DOC (CDOC*) were higher than the observed DOC at zero salinity. This input of DOC in the Yellow River estuary was due to sediment desorption
processes in low salinity regions. In contrast to DOC, the effective concentrations of DIC were 10% lower than the DIC measured
at freshwater end, and the loss of DIC was caused by CaCO3 precipitation in low salinity region. Particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) contents of
the particles stabilized to constant values (0.5%±0.05% and 1.8%±0.2%, respectively) within the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ)
and showed no noticeable seasonal variations. A rapid drop of PIC and rise of POC occurred simultaneously outside the TMZ
due to an intense dilution of riverine inorganic-rich particles being transported into a pool of aquatic organic-poor particles
outside the TMZ. Annually, the Yellow River transported 6.95×105 t of DIC, 0.64×105 t of DOC, 78.58×105 t of PIC and 2.29×105 t of POC to the sea. 相似文献
15.
During the 13th (1996–1997) and the 19th (2002–2003) Chinese National Antarctica Research Expeditions, we collected 60 discrete surface seawater samples along the
cruise from the Chanjiang River (Yangtze) estuary (30°59′S, 122°26′E) through Taiwan Strait, the South China Sea, and the
Eastern Indian Ocean to Prydz Bay, Antarctica (69°10′S, 74°30′E), and analyzed them for the 226Ra specific activity. The 226Ra specific activity of the Chanjiang River estuary surface water (3.15 Bq/m3) was found to be the highest among all the surface samples because of the desorption of 226Ra from riverine particles. Between Chanjiang River estuary and 40°S, 226Ra specific activity was found to be relatively uniform with a mean value of 1.07 Bq/m3 (n = 19, SD = 0.14), similar to that of the open ocean. From 40°S to 65°S, 226Ra specific activity increased intensively, then decreased moderately further southwards. Near the Antarctic shore, it increased
again, to 2.31 Bq/m3. This distribution was controlled by a combination of deep water upwelling, Southern Ocean fronts, water mixing and the continental
226Ra import. In Prydz Bay and the adjacent sea area, the mean 226Ra activity value was 2.26 Bq/m3 (n = 31, SD = 0.28), with a relatively higher value outside of the bay and low 226Ra activity value in the center of the bay. This was consistent with the topography and hydrological setting of the bay. In
addition, we extended the study area northward to the Arctic, by combining the published 226Ra dataset for surface water from the Bering Sea to the Japan Sea. We also discuss the 226Ra distribution of high latitude oceanic surface water and its mechanisms. 相似文献
16.
The adsorption/desorption of phosphorus across the sediment-water interface is the main mechanism that controls the buffering
capacity of DRP in coastal and estuarine water. Determination by three processes revealed that: 1) DRP flux from early diagenesis
in surface sediment isF
p
Dia
=31.9μg/(m2·d), which is only 1/1600 of the ammonia released; 2) at normal temperature and in the long term, the TDP released by adsorption/desorption
across the sediment-water interface is a function of the major environmental factors; and 3) based on the determined SODR
and assumed average water depthH(m) and residence timet
R
(d), the maximum flux of DRP can be estimated.
Presented at International Conference on Marine Coastal Eutrophication. Bologna (Italy), 1990. and supported by a National
Science Foundation Grant. 相似文献
17.
Effect of compressive strength on the performance of the NEMO-LIM model in Arctic Sea ice simulation
Satellite records show that the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean have significantly decreased since the early 1970s. The prediction of sea ice is highly important, but accurate simulation of sea ice variations remains highly challenging. For improving model performance, sensitivity experiments were conducted using the coupled ocean and sea ice model (NEMO-LIM), and the simulation results were compared against satellite observations. Moreover, the contribution ratios of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to sea ice variations were analyzed. The results show that the performance of the model in reconstructing the spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice is highly sensitive to ice strength decay constant (Crhg). By reducing the Crhg constant, the sea ice compressive strength increases, leading to improved simulated sea ice states. The contribution of thermodynamic processes to sea ice melting was reduced due to less deformation and fracture of sea ice with increased compressive strength. Meanwhile, dynamic processes constrained more sea ice to the central Arctic Ocean and contributed to the increases in ice concentration, reducing the simulation bias in the central Arctic Ocean in summer. The root mean square error (RMSE) between modeled and the CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite observed ice thickness was reduced in the compressive strength-enhanced model solution. The ice thickness, especially of multiyear thick ice, was also reduced and matched with the satellite observation better in the freezing season. These provide an essential foundation on exploring the response of the marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycling to sea ice changes.
相似文献18.
Investigation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) at 12 stations in Yantal Sishili Bay in May, August, and November of 1997 and March and May of 1998 showed that DOC concentrations varied from 1.14 mg/L to 5.35 mg/L; that the average values at all staticrLs ineach entise varied from 1.52 mg/L to 2.12 mg/L; that POC concentrafions varied from 0.049 mg/L to 1.411mg/L; and averaged 0.159 mg/L to 0.631 mg/L in each cruise. Horizontal distribution of DOC was influ-enced by factors such as continental input, organism activity, temperature, aquieulture environment, etc. The higher POC concentration occurred along the coast. The vertical distribution of DOC and POC changed obviously in spring and summer, but not obviously in autumn and winter. DOC concentration was highest in summer and POC in spring; both were lowest in winter. The seasonal change of DOC was con-sistent with primary productivity seasonal variation, and that of POC was consistent with ehlorophyll-a sea-sanal variation. The seasonal change trend of the C/N ratio of dissolved organic matter was obvious, but the C/N ratio of particulate organic matter had no such trend. 相似文献
19.
Vertical profiles of chl-a and primary productivity in the middle continental shelf area and eddy area of the East China Sea
were studied using data from a cruise in the East China Sea in February to March, 1997 and a cruise in July, 1998. The results
showed that chl-a vertical distribution closely related to in situ hydrological and nutrient conditions. Chla-a concentration
ranged from 0.22 to 0.35 mg/m3 and 0.93–1.09 mg/m3 in the eddy area and in the middle continental shelf area, respectively. In both areas, chl-a concentrations in deep layers
were slightly higher than those in shallow layers, but was of the same order of magnitude. In summer, when a thermocline existed
in the water column, highest chl-a concentrations appeared at the base of the thermocline layers in both areas. In the eddy
area, chl-a concentration maximized at 31.743 mg/m3, and averaged 1.143 mg/m3 below 30 m depth. In the middle continental shelf area, the highest chl-a concentration was 2.120 mg/m3, the average was 1.168 mg/m3. The primary productivity reached 1418.76 mgC/(m2·d) in summer and 1360.69 mgC/(m2·d) in winter. In the eddy area, the primary productivity was 787.50 mgC/(m2·d) in summer and 159.04 mgC/(m2·d) in winter. Vertical carbon sinking rate from the deep layer to the bottom in both areas is also discussed in this paper.
Contribution NO. 4183 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Project No. 49636210 supported by NSFC. 相似文献
20.
Remote sensing data from passive microwave and satellite-based altimeters, associated with the data measured underway, were used to characterize seasonal and spatial changes in sea ice conditions along... 相似文献