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1.
Today, in the early 21st century, goods, information, services, financial capital and human beings are flowing across national
borders at an ever-accelerating rate. In this context, transnationalism has become a key paradigm in the study of international
migration and urbanism. This theme issue on “Immigrants and transnational experiences in world cities” explores these new
trends in contemporary international migration, with respect to transnational communities and geographies, in articles grouped
according to four themes: international migration and world cities; highly-skilled and low-skilled immigrants; economic impacts;
and immigrant experiences in world cities. 相似文献
2.
The potential and prospect for global cities in China: in the context of the world system 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Shi YulongChris Hamnett 《Geoforum》2002,33(1):121-135
Over the last two decades, accompanying their rapid economic development, many `mega-cities' in China have devoted themselves to changing their relationships to the global economy and some have aimed at attaining global (world) city status as a key future development goal. This paper examines the relationship between global (world) city status and the emerging world economic system, and discusses the intense competition between `mega-cities' in the Asia-Pacific region that Chinese cities will face in the 21st century, especially after the Asia financial crisis. It also explores the potential and possibility of achieving global or world city status in China. The main arguments are that only Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing have the possibility to attain leading positions in the global urban system in the future. Post-1997, it has been very important for the Chinese government to find a way to coordinate the functions of Hong Kong and the other major cities which allows them to operate smoothly together under quite different political systems. Finally, the authors analyse the relationships between these three metropolises and suggests some possibilities for coordinating their roles in the global urban system. 相似文献
3.
Transaction links through cities: ‘decision cities’ and ‘service cities’ in outsourcing by leading Brazilian firms 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Most world city studies focus on where the provision of advanced producer services takes place, but in this study the location of the service clients are also taken into account. Production-service transactions are identified as links between ‘service city’ and ‘decision city’ (client HQ) and classified as intra-city (where a firms uses local (same city) services) and inter-city which may be domestic or foreign depending on whether the client uses services in or out of the country. Sampling the leading firms in Brazil, 218 transaction links are described and analysed in terms of cities, firm sectors, ownership and market. The analyses are used to inform a rereading of gateway city functions that takes into account the concentration/dispersal nexus in economic globalization. Thus, whereas the dominance of Sao Paulo in the Brazilian economy is confirmed, this is not interpreted as a simple gateway function with this one city ‘articulating’ the national economy into the world economy. A much more complex situation is revealed with by-passing of the gateway also much in evidence. The conclusion is that this shows concentration and dispersion of economic activity happening simultaneously in Brazil. 相似文献
4.
In the midst of global economic and financial integration, there are increasing cross-border capital flows between China and the rest of the world. Foreign financial businesses also start to play more important roles in the nation’s market after waves of financial reforms. Within such a background, this study aims to investigate the agglomeration and location choice of overseas financial institutions in Chinese cities. Data from the 2004 China Economic Census show that foreign financial establishments, including banks, insurance companies, and other financial service businesses, were mainly agglomerated in coastal cities. In particular, three major urban areas, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou, concentrated a majority of overseas financial institutions. Results from regression models show that foreign businesses’ location choice is greatly influenced by a city’s urban economy, involvement in the global market, and telecommunication infrastructure. However, we do not find a significant link between foreign financial institutions’ market entry and the size of domestic financial centers in China. 相似文献
5.
Hyper-capitalism in global information and communication technology (ICT) markets during the late 1990s created a new global production network, shaped by multinational corporations, international capital flows, and a flourishing of high-tech entrepreneurship. Each of the cities considered here benefited substantially from this growth, but their positions as nodes in the ICT global production network differed markedly, as did their ability to appropriate the value they generated. In Dublin, value creation was based largely on inward technology and capital flows, although indigenous Dublin-based software companies did demonstrate their ability to compete internationally. ICT development in Helsinki and Tel Aviv drew more strongly on the local knowledge base, and benefited from changes in national regulatory and political conditions. In Helsinki, public and private R&D investments supported the highly effective globalisation strategy of Nokia to create a strongly localised, vertically-integrated and strongly specialised sector. Value creation in the more diverse Israeli ICT sector was also based primarily on locally developed technology, university R&D and the commercialisation of technology developed initially for military applications. By the end of the 1990s, the resulting ICT node in Tel Aviv was grounded in the local knowledge-base, technologically diverse, strongly entrepreneurial and globally oriented. 相似文献
6.
Barney Warf 《Geoforum》2000,31(4):487-499
New York plays a fundamental role in the world economy as both a motor and beneficiary of globalization. This paper traces New York’s international ties in the 1990s. While the city’s global pre-eminence as a center of finance capital is well known, New York is also an important international center of corporate headquarters, business services, communications, tourism, and commercial real estate. Next, it reviews the spatial configuration of employment, with an emphasis on the overwhelming concentration of jobs in Manhattan, a reflection of the enormous agglomerative economies found there. Third, it notes the marginalized populations that have not benefited from globalization. Fourth, it addresses changing regimes of governance that have accompanied the city’s intersections with the global economy. 相似文献
7.
Identifying China’s leading world city: a network approach 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper reports our research on China’s world cities. Formal network analysis of air passenger linkages for recent years
among China’s most populous cities and among many of the world’s largest cities allows us to identify the country’s leading
world city from among the leading Mainland candidates, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. We theorize our findings about China’s
world cities in relation to both global forces (and China’s increasing entanglement with them) and the policies and actions
of the national state. We examine the national and global urban network through a longitudinal, two-level analysis of airline
passenger travel for four time points between about 1990 and 2005. We show that Beijing was China’s leading world city at
the beginning of the time period, a status it lost nationally in as early as 1995, and then globally 10 years later. On the
other hand Shanghai became China’s leading world city, and it acquired this status first nationally in 2000, and then globally
in 2005. The changing status of the Chinese capital corresponds to the country’s increasing involvement with the capitalist
world economy. Shanghai’s ascendance as the leading world city in China may indicate that global forces have come to play
an increasingly important role relative to that of the developmental state.
相似文献
| Michael F. TimberlakeEmail: |
8.
Zoltán Cséfalvay 《GeoJournal》1994,32(4):351-361
After 1989, the East Central European countries had to face three major challenges: stabilization and modernization of their economies and the transition to a market economy. Hungary, partly because of the early liberalization of the command economic regime enjoyed a significant competitive edge in the region in all three areas. The stabilization, modernization and restructuring of the economy was followed by the strengthening of processes of regional differentiation, the fast gaining on, and loosing of importance by certain areas and settlements. The capital city and the agglomeration area around it became the centre of the Hungarian as well as East Central European economic changes in all respects, the Western Transdanubian area is speedily integrating with the North Italian, Austrian, Southern German economic region, while the Southern parts of the country are presently in a state of transition and a prolonged crisis can be forecasted for the Eastern regions of the country. 相似文献
9.
Jinn-yuh Hsu 《Geoforum》2005,36(5):654-666
This paper explores the dynamics of the economic development of Taipei City under conditions of globalization. Although Taipei City had undergone rapid industrialization and exploited the rural-urban division of labor since at least the 1960s, the city’s economic base changed dramatically after 1980. Initiating a process of industrial restructuring, the nation state encouraged high technology industries to help upgrade Taipei City’s role within global production chains. It was the transnational connection that kept regional growth within high ‘value-added’ activities. Instead of relying on a few major transnational corporations as the key agents of internationalization, Taipei City transformed itself into a node for high-technology knowledge, which connected the city with high-technology hubs elsewhere, and to Silicon Valley in particular, through transnational technical communities. At the same time, companies headquartered in the city extended their production chains across the Taiwan Strait to locate production facilities in the major coastal cities of mainland China. In consequence, Taipei City became a nodal city in these cross-border connections. These developments illustrate the limits of global city discourses which fail to pay sufficient attention to the role of developmental states and transnationalism in the process of global transformation. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the spatial dynamics of urbanism in Rio de Janeiro during the early nineteenth century. Conventional narratives of modernisation fail to capture the complexities of this moment, between 1808 and 1821, when the city replaced Lisbon as the capital of the Portuguese empire. The position of colony and metropolis were inverted, Portuguese absolutism was bolstered by British liberalism, and a market-economy arose alongside the expansion of slavery. As the newly-created imperial capital, Rio felt the effects of these various transformations: the physical boundaries of the city rapidly expanded, its economy diversified and the cultural life of the city was re-shaped. Our aim in this paper is to understand this particular moment of urban transformation as a product of the intersection of global networks of trade, slavery and industrial capitalism. Rather than depicting the historical geography of the city as a passive space for European conquest and expansion, we consider the extent to which its urban dynamics were shaped by a distinct local geography of globalisation. In particular, we examine the interrelated spatialities that are part and parcel of the modernising process. 相似文献
11.
Peter J. Taylor 《GeoJournal》2000,52(2):157-162
The influence of globalization on the future study of political geography is investigated through research on world cities. It is argued that political geography, like most social science, has been excessively state-centric in its organisation and that this will not help in understanding new transnational processes within contemporary globalization. Study of the state should not be abandoned, of course, but it must be set in a new context where much politics takes place beyond the state. This is illustrated through using the world city network as an alternative spatial framework to the world political map. The political geography of the twenty first century will have to incorporate traditional concern for political areas with new concerns for power networks in more subtle geographies than heretofore. 相似文献
12.
《Geoforum》2017
Moving beyond the ‘world-class’ institutional model of international student mobility, this paper examines alternative narratives of distinction relating to place of study. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with international students at universities in the UK, Austria and Latvia, we illustrate how students inside and outside mainstream reputable higher education institutions narrate and reconfigure markers of distinction to validate their international mobility and location of study, in part to compete with peers at other (more prestigious) institutions. We demonstrate the importance of lifestyle and experiential places within a global differentiated higher education landscape and argue that many students engage in comparative narratives of place of study to authorise the symbolic capital associated with international education. The findings also consider how experiential places and mobility capital are used for distinction not only during educational mobility but within post-study aspirations. 相似文献
13.
This paper aims to refine earlier research on the geographies of Islamic financial services (IFS) through a study of how cities are being connected through interlocking directorates in Shari’a advisory boards of IFS firms. The relevance of this analysis is discussed against the backdrop of recent critiques of mainstream ‘world cities’ research because of structuralist and universalizing tendencies. By applying a network concept to the relationalities of world cities within financial circuits, we explore the nested city/firm/actor structure behind Shari’a board membership, and reassess the connectivity of cities in the IFS network in terms of the role and spatialities of interlocking Shari’a boards. The results show that Gulf cities, most notably Manama, Dubai and Kuwait City are particularly well-connected, while also mainstay financial centres outside the Middle East, such as London and New York are networked by interlocking board memberships of a global Shari’a elite. The dominant position of Manama is traced back to its role as a standard-setting city for Shari’a-compliant investments, which materializes through the enacted presence of an array of highly interlocked regulatory bodies and mediating elites. 相似文献
14.
Mass migration to major USA cities is reworking patterns of ethnic jobholding and labor market segmentation. Employers in
a variety of industries have turned to recent migrants, many of whom are not authorized to work in the USA, as a stable labor
supply for low-wage jobs. As a result, many migrant workers enter urban economies through precarious jobs in low-wage industries
and the informal economy where they often endure routine violations of labor and employment laws. This paper examines the
activities of a “migrant worker center” in improving wages and working conditions in migrant labor markets. Through a case
study of a worker center located in a port-of-entry immigrant neighborhood on Chicago’s Southwest Side, we examine the geographies
of the low-wage labor market and the problems that have arisen for workers who hold jobs that effectively exist beyond the
reach of government regulation. We argue that migrant worker centers will likely emerge as a key resource for workers who
are drawn to global cities by the promise of economic opportunity yet confront harsh conditions in the local labor markets
in which they are employed. 相似文献
15.
李相然 《水文地质工程地质》1999,26(2):42-44
滨海城市是我国经济最发达的地区,近年来经济与城市建设均得到迅速发展,城市土地开发力度加大,由此引起的环境工程地质问题也日趋严重,本文分析了我国滨海城市地区区域地质环境和人类工程经济活动的地域差异,研究了滨海城市环境工程地质问题的主要类型,并提出了滨海城市环境工程地质问题的地域分异规律。 相似文献
16.
Transnational elites in global cities: British expatriates in Singapore's financial district 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Jonathan V. Beaverstock 《Geoforum》2002,33(4):525-538
Skilled international migration is as an important process of both contemporary globalization and the global city. The establishment of a transnational elite of expatriate labour in international finance plays a vital part in the accumulation of capital within international financial centres (IFCs). Expatriate labour has become a major determinant of the IFC, creating financial capital through complex social relations, knowledge networks, practices and discourses. The principal argument being made in this paper is that expatriates are major agents in the accumulation and transfer of financial knowledge in the IFC, and that such processes are undertaken through expatriate global–local knowledge networks and other social practices. The paper is divided into three major parts. Following a discussion of transnational elites as expatriates in global cities, which also conceptualises their contribution to the spatialization of financial knowledge networks, the empirical study investigates the working, social and cultural knowledge networks and practices of British expatriates in Singapore. Finally, the paper revisits the conceptual work on transnational elites and suggests that expatriates were deeply embedded in global–local relations in the workplace and the business/social sphere through interaction with local ‘western educated/experienced' Singaporeans, but were disembedded from the local in the home and other household social spaces due to the invisibility of the local population in their interactions. Both the theoretical and empirical analyses suggests that expatriates are flow in the Castellian spatial logic of the network society. 相似文献
17.
Carola Hein 《GeoJournal》2000,51(1-2):83-97
The European Union has achieved internal cohesion and international economic recognition, but economics alone has not yet led to a united Europe. Although this cohesiveness strongly influence regions and cities, and cities have started to refer to their European background, the member nations continue to hold regional and urban planning power. Forced to take unanimous decisions, the European Council of Ministers maintained the doctrine of a unique capital for 40 years, provoking numerous urban and architectural visions while simultaneously accepting the existence of three provisional headquarters, Brussels, Strasbourg and Luxembourg. The host nations, Belgium, France and Luxembourg meanwhile oriented these cities to both European economic considerations and local needs.This article analyzes the logic that led to decentralization of the capital city functions, the reasons why cities were interested in hosting the European Communities, what individual cities and nations suggested and why the most obvious solutions were not adopted. The Maastricht Treaty, the ongoing strengthening of European and regional institutions, and the choice of the provisional headquarters as definite capitals in 1992 gives cause for hope that concepts based on European and regional necessities beyond the nation-state will now be elaborated. A European network of cities and regions including the three political capitals of Europe, as revealed by their infrastructures and buildings, seems to be the best expression of the meaning of European unity. 相似文献
18.
Peter V. Hall 《GeoJournal》2009,74(1):67-83
Over the past 50 years, containerization has both enabled and reflected the articulation of increasingly concentrated and
complex global trade flows. Once close infrastructural, economic and institutional ties between seaports and port cities have
been loosened, since major ports now serve producers and consumers in widely dispersed hinterlands. This process has been
especially intense in North America, where west coast ports serve markets across the continent. At the same time, many of
the external costs of increased port activity are incurred in port cities. Hence, questions about the changing nature of employment
in port and related goods-handling sectors have become increasingly important for understanding the share of economic benefits
received by port cities. This paper focuses on the effects of containerization, and related changes in transportation regulation,
on port-logistics worker earnings in major United States port cities since 1975. A difference-in-differences framework is
used to examine the relative annual earnings of dock, trucking and warehouse workers in major container port cities. The analysis
shows that, with notable exceptions, port-logistics worker earnings in major container ports are not necessarily higher than
those of comparable workers. The findings provide further insights into the strained relationship between seaports and port
cities in the era of containerization and economic globalization.
相似文献
| Peter V. HallEmail: |
19.
《Geoforum》2014
In this paper we review the implications of neoclassical economic framings within the interdisciplinary field of land-change science. We argue that current pressing global environmental problems, such as land grabs, loss of critical carbon sinks and the increasing importance of corporate actors in land-use decision-making, necessitate a reconsideration of neoclassical conceptualizations of what the economy is, who economic actors are and how they make decisions, and how environment–economy linkages operate in a globalized world. We argue that concepts from economic geography can help land change science move beyond neoclassical framings. The first concept is that the economic (including markets, commodities, and rational decision-makers) is neither separate nor universal, but is historical and socially embedded. The second is to use these notions to understand the spatial organization of economic activity. The framework of global production networks, in particular, will help land change scientists conceptualize and represent teleconnections. Using economic geography to move beyond neoclassical economic framings will bring a fresh approach to economic change that holds much promise for invigorating land change science. 相似文献
20.
中国西部多为山区,泥石流异常发育,类型相当齐全,几乎发育着除火山泥石流以外的各种类型泥石流.泥石流严重危害山区城镇、交通、农田、工矿和水利工程等,造成严重灾害.仅已查明的泥石流就有15797条,其中铁路沿线泥石流1294条.有108个县级城镇、19个地(州、市)首府城镇和4个省会城镇受到泥石流的威胁或危害.西部大开发应注重泥石流减灾,特别要加强工程前期减灾预研和减灾知识普及,建立灾害信息系统,实现资料共享,把城市规划和减灾规划结合起来,进一步搞好环境保护和生态建设. 相似文献